| 1. |
- Moons, Ellen, 1966-
(författare)
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Polymer solar cells – Visualising spontaneous organisation in solution-based thin films of Polymer:fullerene blends
- 2011
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Ingår i: Soft and hard materials.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance and recent improvements of polymer-based solar cells can be traced backto two main factors: the chemical design of new conjugated polymers and the control andimproved understanding of morphology in these solution-processed thin films. When a thinfilm is prepared from a blend of a conjugated polymer and the fullerene-based material,PCBM, demixing determines the final nanostructure, which in turn is influenced by thepolymer-fullerene interactions, the molecules’ tendency to self-organise, and the kinetics ofthe film formation. During spincoating, characterized of rapid solvent evaporation, thekinetics of nucleation and of two-phase separation compete. The resulting film morphologyis important for the performance of photovoltaic devices, because, first of all, excitons needto diffuse to the donor/acceptor interface to separate into mobile charges, and, secondly,these mobile charges need to travel to the electrodes. Characterization of the structure,composition and molecular orientation at these interfaces and in the thin film has been onemajor challenge, because of the critical requirements of chemical contrast combined withlateral or depth resolution. We have used a combination of Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM), dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (d-SIMS), Near-Edge Absorption FineStructure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, and recently Neutron Reflectometry (NR), to probe thesurface and bulk composition of polymer:fullerene blends. Differences in compositionbetween surface and sub-surface are observed, and form strong evidence for vertical phaseseparation.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Moons, F, et al.
(författare)
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European Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nuclear Engineering and Design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0029-5493 .- 1872-759X. ; 235:2-4, s. 165-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need to preserve, enhance or strengthen nuclear knowledge is worldwide recognised since a couple of years. Among others, "networking to maintain nuclear competence through education and training", was recommended in 2001 by an expert panel to the European Commission [EUR, 19150 EN, Strategic issues related to a 6th Euratom Framework Programme (2002-2006). Scientific and Technical Committee Euratom, pp. 14]. It appears that within the European University education and training framework, nuclear engineering is presently still sufficiently covered, although somewhat fragmented. However, it has been observed that several areas are at risk in the very near future including safety relevant fields such as reactor physics and nuclear thermal-hydraulics. Furthermore, in some countries deficiencies have been identified in areas such as the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle, waste management and decommissioning. To overcome these risks and deficiencies, it is of very high importance that European countries work more closely together. Harmonisation and improvement of the nuclear education and training have to take place at an international level in order to maintain the knowledge properly and to transfer it throughout Europe for the safe and economic design, operation and dismantling of present and future nuclear systems. To take up the challenges of offering top quality, new, attractive and relevant curricula, higher education institutions should cooperate with industry, regulatory bodies and research centres, and more appropriate funding from public and private sources. In addition, European nuclear education and training should benefit from links with international organisations like IAEA, OECD-NEA and others, and should include worldwide cooperation with academic institutions and research centres. The first and central issue is to establish a European Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering. The concept envisaged is compatible with the projected harmonised European architecture for higher education defining bachelors and masters degrees. The basic goal is to guarantee a high quality nuclear education in Europe by means of stimulating student and instructor exchange, through mutual checks of the quality of the programs offered, by close collaboration with renowned nuclear-research groups at universities and laboratories. The concept for a nuclear master program consists of a solid basket of recommended basic nuclear science and engineering courses, but also contains advanced courses as well as practical training. Some of the advanced courses also serve as part of the curricula for doctoral programs. A second important issue identified is Continued Professional Development. The design of corresponding training courses has to respond to the needs of industry and regulatory bodies, and a specific organisation has to be set up to manage the quality assessment and accreditation of the Continued Professional Development programs. In order to achieve the important objectives and practical goals described above, the ENEN Association, a non-profit association under French law, was formed. This international association can be considered as a step towards the creation of a virtual European Nuclear University symbolising the active collaboration between various national institutions pursuing nuclear education. Based on the concepts and strategy explained above, and with the full cooperation of the participating institutions, it may be stated that the intellectual erosion in the nuclear field can be reversed, and that high quality European education in nuclear sciences and technology can be guaranteed.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Rikard, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Localized mobility clusters : Impacts of labour market externalities on firm performance
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford University Press. - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 9:1, s. 33-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses the impact of labour market-induced externalities on firm performance by using a unique database that connects attributes of individuals to workplaces for the entire Swedish economy. Based on the analysis of 256,985 workplaces, our results show that firms belonging to networks of local job mobility (i.e. ‘localized mobility clusters’) significantly outperform other similar firms within the local labour market. The results also indicate that concentrations of similar and related firms do not explain any considerable part of the variations in firm competitiveness. Labour market externalitiesderived via local job mobility produce significantly more powerful effects for the involved firms as compared to the degree of co-location, diversity and scale.
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| 5. |
- Insulander, P, et al.
(författare)
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Very late recurrences after ablation of AVNRT
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology. - : Wiley. - 1540-8167 .- 1045-3873. ; 32:5, s. 1520-1520
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Sol Souza, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid Enzymatic Response to Compensate UV Radiation in Copepods
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:2, s. ArticleID: e32046-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) causes physical damage to DNA, carboxylation of proteins and peroxidation of lipids in copepod crustaceans, ubiquitous and abundant secondary producers in most aquatic ecosystems. Copepod adaptations for long duration exposures include changes in behaviour, changes in pigmentation and ultimately changes in morphology. Adaptations to short-term exposures are little studied. Here we show that short-duration exposure to UVR causes the freshwater calanoid copepod, Eudiaptomus gracilis, to rapidly activate production of enzymes that prevent widespread collateral peroxidation (glutathione S-transferase, GST), that regulate apoptosis cell death (Caspase-3, Casp-3), and that facilitate neurotransmissions (cholinesterase-ChE). None of these enzyme systems is alone sufficient, but they act in concert to reduce the stress level of the organism. The interplay among enzymatic responses provides useful information on how organisms respond to environmental stressors acting on short time scales.
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| 8. |
- Gehring, Ulrike, et al.
(författare)
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Air Pollution Exposure and Lung Function in Children : The ESCAPE Project
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 121:11-12, s. 1357-1364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is evidence for adverse effects of outdoor air pollution on lung function of children. Quantitative summaries of the effects of air pollution on lung function, however, are lacking due to large differences among studies. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study the association between residential exposure to air pollution and lung function in five European birth cohorts with a standardized exposure assessment following a common protocol. METHODS: As part of the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) we analyzed data from birth cohort studies situated in Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom that measured lung function at 6-8 years of age (n = 5,921). Annual average exposure to air pollution [nitrogen oxides (NO2, NOx), mass concentrations of particulate matter with diameters < 2.5, < 10, and 2.5-10 mu m (PM2.5, PM10, and PMcoarse), and PM2.5 absorbance] at the birth address and current address was estimated by land-use regression models. Associations of lung function with estimated air pollution levels and traffic indicators were estimated for each cohort using linear regression analysis, and then combined by random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Estimated levels of NO2, NOx, PM2.5 absorbance, and PM2.5 at the current address, but not at the birth address, were associated with small decreases in lung function. For example, changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) ranged from -0.86% (95% CI: -1.48, -0.24%) for a 20-mu g/m(3) increase in NOx to -1.77% (95% CI: -3.34, -0.18%) for a 5-mu g/m(3) increase in PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to air pollution may result in reduced lung function in schoolchildren.
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| 9. |
- Fors, Simon, 1997, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of aerodynamic drag coefficients using a drop test with a wireless accelerometer and its application to model rockets
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physics. - : American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT). - 0002-9505 .- 1943-2909. ; 87:9, s. 714-719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of drag coefficients to quantify the drag force on objects moving through air is a key concept in aerodynamics. However, gaining access to a wind tunnel, the conventionally used apparatus with which to measure drag coefficients, can be difficult for students and educators at the undergraduate level. Several methods have been proposed as alternatives to the wind tunnel, but these often suffer from experimental complexity. In this paper, we propose a straightforward method using a wireless accelerometer to eliminate several common drawbacks of previous methods, enabling a simpler and direct analysis of drag. Here, we describe the method and its validation along with an application to model rockets as a possible undergraduate laboratory experiment. We also discuss an inconsistency regarding the drag coefficient of a typical model rocket and use it as an example of not taking published results at face value.
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| 10. |
- Gössling, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Developing regional food systems : a case study of restaurant-customer relationships in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Food Tourism and Regional Development. - : Routledge. - 9781138912922 - 9781315691695 ; , s. 76-88
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter explores the viability of villages such as Bario in using regional foods and food events as determinants for rural destination development. The terms 'regional food', 'local food' or even 'ethnic food' have been used interchangeably to describe food that is produced locally and does not require imported raw material. Rural destinations tend to sell common tourism attributes which include nature, landscape, cultural heritage, behaviour of the host community and local gastronomy. Food is regarded as one of the tourist destination attractions especially where such destinations are well established and known for different food offerings. Bario is a local village in east Malaysia located in the north-east of Sarawak, very close to the international border with Indonesian Kalimantan. As a remote destination, Bario has been able to attract paddy rice investment, donors, government sponsored projects and support from the Malaysian federal marketing authority to improve its local food production and marketing.
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