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1.
  • Ebenhag, Sven-Christian, 1976, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • A fiber based frequency distribution system with enchanced output phase stability
  • 2009
  • record:In_t: Proceedings EFTF-IFCS2009 joint conference 20-24 April 2009, IEEE catalog number:CFP09FRE-CDR. - 1075-6787. - 9781424435104 ; , s. 1061-1064
  • swepub:Mat_conferencepaper_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Experimental results on the stability of the output phase of a frequency distribution system from several days of measurement is presented, in addition to a discussion regarding the influence of control loop parameters. The setup handles the issue that the output phase stability of a system depends on perturbations along the transmission length. This is especially critical if the signal is transmitted through optical fiber, at lengths of a few 100 m. An experimental evaluation using a laser based transmitter at a wavelength of 850 nm, and 625 m of multimode fiber where 575 m where placed outdoor, a temperature dependence of 100 ps/°C was detected. Tocompensate for these slow variations in real time, a setup using two-way transmission, in conjunction with an adjustable optical delay, was constructed. This device is adjusted to induce a delay variation of equal magnitude but opposite direction, in comparison to the delay change of the fiber. Calculating the modified Allan deviation of the transmitted signal, it is apparent that without active compensation, the deviation at τ below 1000 s is comparable to the values from the measurement system without transmission. At longer integration times, however, the slow variations in the fiber transmission will deteriorate the modified ADEV substantially. When activating the dynamic adjustment of pre-delay in the system, the deviation at shorter times will increase with a few dB, however, the modified ADEV decreases continuously with τ, eventually below the values for the uncompensated system. In conclusion, activating a dynamically controlled pre-delay in a fiber based frequency transmission system will induce a small penalty on fast variations of the output phase, however giving a remarkable improvement on slower variations. The usefulness of this added functionality must therefore be determined by the application of the signal.
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2.
  • Ebenhag, Sven-Christian, 1976, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Measurements and Error Sources in Time Transfer Using Asynchronous Fiber Network
  • 2010
  • record:In_t: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - 1557-9662 .- 0018-9456. ; 59:7, s. 1918-1924
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • We have performed time transfer experiments basedon passive listening in fiber optical networks using Packet over synchronous optical networking (SONET)/synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH). The experiments have been performed with differentcomplexity and over different distances. For assessmentof the results, we have used a GPS link based on carrier-phase observations. On a 560-km link, precision that is relative to the GPS link of
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3.
  • Ebenhag, Sven-Christian, 1976, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Time Transfer between UTC(SP) and UTC(MIKE) Using Frame Detection in Fiber-Optical Communication networks
  • 2011
  • record:In_t: 43rd Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Systems and Applications Meeting. - 9781622767953 ; , s. 431-441
  • swepub:Mat_conferencepaper_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • This paper presents recent results from a time transfer method using passive listening and detection of SDH frame headers in fiber-optical networks. The results are based on an experimental fiber-link that is implemented between the national time and frequency laboratories at SP in Borås, Sweden and at MIKES in Espoo, Finland with an intermediate connection at STUPI time and frequency facility in Stockholm, Sweden. The total fiber length exceeds 1129 km and is implemented in SUNET (Swedish University Network) and FUNET (Finnish University and Research Network). The two networks are connected via NORDUnet (Nordic Infrastructure for Research & Education) and the links are DWDM-based (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing).Both SP and MIKES maintains local representations of UTC and contributes with clock data to TAI, which gives the opportunity to compare the fiber-based method with those independent methods that are used regularly by the laboratories for the links to UTC. Preliminary results show that a time transfer stability of less than 10 picoseconds is obtained for averaging times of a few hundred seconds. The results also show that the method suffers from daily variations of a few nanoseconds, presumable due to temperature sensitive network equipment and asymmetric fiber paths. Nevertheless, a comparison to GPS carrier phase time transfer over three months shows an rms-agreement of less than 1 nanosecond.
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4.
  • Ebenhag, Sven-Christian, 1976, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • TIME TRANSFER USING AN ASYNCHRONOUS COMPUTER NETWORK: RESULTS FROM A 500 KM BASELINE EXPERIMENT
  • 2007
  • record:In_t: Topical Meeting on Precise Time and Time Interval, 27-30/11, Long Beach, CA.
  • swepub:Mat_conferencepaper_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden and STUPI have performed a time transferexperiment over a 500km long baseline between Borås and Stockholm. The time transfertechnique passively utilizes the data bit stream generated in an optical fiber computer networkbased on the packet over SONET/SDH technique. A small fraction of the optical signal ismonitored both at the transmitter and at the receiver. When an occurrence of a unique bitsequence of the SDH frames is detected, an electrical pulse is generated and compared with aresolution of 100 ps to a local clock. With data from all four positions of an optical bidirectionallink, two-way time-transfer can be achieved and any symmetrical variations in delay canpotentially be cancelled. The results presented here have been obtained over OptoSUNET, thenew Swedish University Network. In the experiment, 10 Gbit/s traffic from SP over OptoSUNETis extended in Stockholm to STUPI, a clock laboratory which is the second node in this setup.This reconnection enables that a communication channel is established between two nodes,with no intermediate jump. The time-transfer experiment includes more than 500 km of fibertransmission, of which several km is via air-lines. By comparing the results from a GPS carrierphaselink, a precision better than ± 1 ns is achieved over several months of measurementsbetween two Hydrogen-masers.
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5.
  • Ebenhag, Sven-Christian, 1976, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Time transfer using an asynchronous computer network: Results from three weeks of measurements
  • 2007
  • record:In_t: European Frequency and Time Forum, 29/5 - 1/6, Geneva, CH.
  • swepub:Mat_conferencepaper_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • We have performed a time transfer experimentbetween two atomic clocks, over a distance of approximately 75km using an 10 Gbit/s asynchronous fiber-optic computernetwork. The time transfer was accomplished through passivelistening on existing data traffic and a pilot sequence in the SDHbit stream. In order to assess the fiber-link clock comparison, wesimultaneously compared the clocks using a GPS carrier phaselink. The standard deviation of the difference between the twotime transfer links over the three-week time period was 243 ps.
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8.
  • Hedekvist, Per Olof E, 1967, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Accurate time transfer utilizing the synchronization in an SDH-network
  • 2006
  • record:In_t: 2006 Optical Fiber Communication Conference, and the 2006 National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference; Anaheim, CA; United States; 5 March 2006 through 10 March 2006. - 9781557528032
  • swepub:Mat_conferencepaper_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • A nationwide system for accurate time distribution is being developed, utilizing synchronization in an SDH-network. The first experimental results based on this technique are presented, performed on, but not limited to, STM-64.
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9.
  • Jaldehag, R. T. Kenneth, 1962, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • A GPS Carrier-Phase Aided Clock Transport for the Calibration of a Regional Distributed Time Scale
  • 2009
  • record:In_t: Proceedings EFTF-IFCS2009 joint conference 20-24 April 2009, IEEE catalog number:CFP09FRE-CDR. - 1075-6787. - 9781424435104 ; , s. 659-663
  • swepub:Mat_conferencepaper_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Clock transportation is a historically proven time transfer method for the calibration of time links and time scales. With the establishment of satellite-based time transfer methods, however, clock transportation has become less attractive especially on long baselines. In order to match for instance the GPS common view time transfer method with calibration uncertainties of a few nanoseconds, it is necessary to transport high quality, expensive clocks such as caesium beam frequency standards. The stability of the clock during transportation and the duration of the transport set the limit of the prediction uncertainty. Being able to measure the clock during transportation instead of predicting it would yield some major advantages: (a) the use of less expensive and small clocks such as rubidium or quartz oscillators for transportation, (b) no need for environmental conditioning of the transported clock, and (c) the duration of the transport is not critical as long as the clock can continuously be measured. One solution to the clock measurement problem during transport is the use of GPS carrier-phase observations as described and evaluated in this paper. It is shown that a calibration uncertainty of less than one nanosecond is potentially achievable.
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10.
  • Ebenhag, Sven-Christian, 1976, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Active detection of propagation delay variations in single way time transfer utilizing dual wavelengths in an optical fiber network
  • 2011
  • record:In_t: Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition. - 9781612841113
  • swepub:Mat_conferencepaper_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Several communication systems of today rely on the real time accessibility of accurate time and frequency measures and there is an increasing demand for the development of new and redundant methods for the distribution of these measures. The classical two-way method is able to compensate for the inevitable variations in the time and frequency propagation delay. The two-way method is used for time transfer in free space, electrical or optical domain, but has the disadvantage of often using two different paths for transmitting back and forward. The paths may be of equal length and have equal propagation delay, but nevertheless there is often a remaining asymmetry in the propagation paths. The inevitable asymmetry between the paths in the time transfer delay must be detected and compensated for, if an accuracy better than s-level is needed for transmission distance exceeding a few km. Furthermore, if the number of users is high, there will be a complex and large network of two-way time signal transmissions. Therefore, a solution using one-way broadcasting would be more desirable, and would be possible if the variations in transmission time could be estimated from the received data at the far (user) end. The one-way method uses only one path of transmission and is possible to implement in existing Wavelength Division Multiplexing-networks. Proof of concept and results of this one-way time transfer technique based on transmission of a repetitive signal, modulated on two lasers at different wavelengths 8 nm apart and transmitted through an optical fiber, has been presented previously. These data showed a strong correlation between a change in transfer time at one wavelength, and the transfer time difference for the signals at the two wavelengths. In this paper, the setup and the measurement results have been improved and new data is collected which shows improvement in the reliability and quality of this technique. The stability is improved through component analysis and minimizing error sources. The distance is improved from 38km to 160km.
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