| 431. |
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| 432. |
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| 433. |
- Jonsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating aquatic carbon fluxes in a boreal catchment carbon budget
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 334:1-2, s. 141-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we assess the extent to which the export of terrestrially fixed carbon to aquatic systems and the aquatic metabolism of this carbon affect the overall accumulation of organic carbon in a boreal catchment. We estimated the contribution of stocks and processes in aquatic environments to the carbon balance of a boreal catchment in northern Sweden. We used published data concerning the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 in terrestrial environments, and calculations of loss of terrestrial carbon to surface water and the turnover of terrestrial carbon in aquatic systems. The NEE of terrestrial environments was estimated to be 139 g C/m2 of catchment area per year. The export of terrestrially fixed carbon to aquatic systems was 8.6 g C/m2/yr, resulting in a net accumulation of organic carbon in terrestrial systems of 131 g C/m2/yr. Almost 45% of the terrestrial export was mineralized in streams and lakes and evaded as CO2, while most of the remaining (approximately 55%) terrestrial export was transported to the sea as organic carbon or as dissolved inorganic carbon emanating from soil respiration. The sedimentation of organic carbon and input of organic carbon via aquatic primary production were insignificant when compared to the mineralization and river transport of terrestrial organic carbon. Aquatic fluxes were small compared to the terrestrial NEE, which we consider to be largely a consequence of the studied catchment being subject to intensive forestry resulting in a large annual accumulation of carbon in growing tree biomass.
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| 434. |
- Jonsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Intra- and inter-rater reliability of movement and palpation tests in patients with neck pain : A systematic review
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 34:3, s. 165-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neck pain is common and often becomes chronic. Various clinical tests of the cervical spine are used to direct and evaluate treatment. This systematic review aimed to identify studies examining the intra- and/or interrater reliability of tests used in clinical examination of patients with neck pain. A database search up to April 2016 was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, and AMED. The Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies Checklist (QAREL) was used to assess risk of bias. Eleven studies were included, comprising tests of active and passive movement and pain evaluating participants with ongoing neck pain. One study was assessed with a low risk of bias, three with medium risk, while the rest were assessed with high risk of bias. The results showed differing reliabilities for the included tests ranging from poor to almost perfect. In conclusion, active movement and pain for pain or mobility overall presented acceptable to very good reliability (Kappa >0.40); while passive intervertebral tests had lower Kappa values, suggesting poor reliability. It may be a coincidence that the studies indicating very good reliability tended to be of higher quality (low to moderate risk of bias), while studies finding poor reliability tended to be of lower quality (high risk of bias). Regardless, the current recommendation from this review would suggest the clinical use of tests with acceptable reliability and avoiding the use of tests that have been shown to not be reliable. Finally, it is critical that all future reliability studies are of higher quality with low risk of bias.
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| 435. |
- Jonsson, Anna, 1973-
(författare)
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Judicial Review and Individual Legal Activism : The Case of Russia in Theoretical Perspective
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation deals with judicial review of governmental action and individual legal activism. It investigates whether judicial protection of individual rights and individual legal activism, within the field of public law, can be seen as an alternative or complement to electoral control of political and administrative powers. To discuss the effect of various standing rules and the potential societal function of public law adjudication, a model for analyzing the character of public law adjudication has been developed. The model allows for a characterization of public law adjudication as either Liberal or Republican, depending on features of standing rules, court proceedings, and court decisions. It concludes that judicial protection of individual rights and individual legal activism within the field of public law can be seen as an alternative or complement to electoral control of political and administrative powers, especially when public trust in, and the powers of, the legislative assembly and political parties is low and decreasing, and if the preconditions for individual legal activism are of such a character that access to justice is available to the larger public and not only a limited group of advantaged individuals.This theoretical framework is then used to analyse judicial protection of individual rights and individual legal activism in post-Socialist Russia. The results show that the Russian state is best described as authoritarian and that the traditional principal-agent relationship is weak. Thus, in order to strengthen the individual in relation to the state, alternatives for exercising control and participation are required. An analysis of the legislative framework, i.e., the law as it is laid down in the books, shows that Russian administrative law is rights-based and that the character of Russian public law adjudication is closer to the Republican model than the Liberal. However, the Russian support structure is still weak and finds itself in an increasingly inhospitable environment – legally, financially, and politically. In addition, this dissertation concludes that Russia’s membership in the CoE has had an impact on judicial protection of individual rights within the sphere of public law in terms of: improving the legislative framework; developing Russian court jurisprudence referring to the ECHR and to the jurisprudence of the ECtHR; exerting pressure on the Russian state to improve practices of the state bureaucracy; stimulating individual legal activism, and increasing individuals’ knowledge and awareness of their lawful rights and how to implement them.
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| 436. |
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| 437. |
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| 438. |
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| 439. |
- Jonsson, Anders, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of E. coli transport in an oligotrophic river in northern Scandinavia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ecological Modelling. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3800 .- 1872-7026. ; , s. 145-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the development of a model for calculation of Escherichia coli transport in oligotrophic river waters, using temperature dependent inactivation rate for E. coli and flow velocity characteristics of the river and lakes. A total of 209 temperature measurements from 11 years surveillance were used to calculate transport distances until 90% inactivation of the E. coli. Three scenario sets of different site specific values for the first order reference inactivation rate constant k20 (0.145, 0.230 and 0.555 day−1) and temperature coefficient of the rate constant Q10 (2.07, 1.50 and 1.86) were tested in the upper parts of river Indalsälven, in northern Scandinavia. The first and third parameter sets represented respectively pristine water and lake water while the second setting was considered most representative of river Indalsälven. All three scenarios demonstrated considerable transport distances of E. coli with a clear and structured seasonal variation. The longest transport distances observed during late winter and spring are caused by a combination of low water temperature and high water velocity. The results have implications for water management decisions within the watersheds of oligotrophic rivers in cold and temperate climate.
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| 440. |
- Jonsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of E.coli transport in river waters as a means to investigaterelationships between settlements within the riparian zone and faecal pollutionof water bodies
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The naturally oligotrophic rivers of northern Sweden are generally characterized by a low pollution level and high hygienic quality. E.coli, an indicator of fresh faecal contamination, shows however increasing trends and two recent outbreaks of the Cryptosporidium parasite in city drinking water supplies has caused much concern about drinking water security and ecological status of water bodies. There is also an increasing demand for scenic plots of land close to rivers and lakes for both permanent dwellings and holiday cottages and there is a need for better understanding of relationships between settlements within the riparian zone and river water quality. Measurements of E.coli are made at fixed sampling points along the river. A transport model for E.coli in river water was developed based on literature data for E.coli inactivation rates, water temperature and hydrological conditions. The model was used to estimate the source distance upstream each sampling point in the investigated section of the river. This procedure enabled the establishment of sections of the river that could influence each sampling point by point or diffuse emissions of E.coli. Studies on human development within the riparian zone of each section could then be related to E.coli data at the sampling points. Data on the latest 20 years of development within the riparian zone was gathered from the local municipality archive which contains information on all new and changed properties. The development data was compared to 18 years long time series of seasonal water quality measurement in the studied river. The analysis also considers the effects of known point sources of faecal pollution within the investigated sections such as discharge from municipal sewage treatment plants. This study shows that E.coli is transported considerably longer during winter compared to summer in a regulated section of the river. Lower water temperatures in the winter increases the survival time of E.coli but there is also a strong effect of water regulation for hydro-electric power generation that completely changes the water flow pattern to relatively higher flow during the wintertime compared to non regulated parts of the river. Both these effects increases the transport distance of E.coli. The study also shows the importance of considering the features of the nearby water body when planning for new settlements.
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