| 721. |
- McKenna, P, et al.
(författare)
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High-intensity laser-driven proton acceleration: influence of pulse contrast
- 2006
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Science. - : The Royal Society. - 1364-503X .- 1471-2962. ; 364:1840, s. 711-723
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proton acceleration from the interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with thin foil targets at intensities greater than 10(18) W cm(-2) is discussed. An overview of the physical processes giving rise to the generation of protons with multi-MeV energies, in well defined beams with excellent spatial quality, is presented. Specifically, the discussion centres on the influence of laser pulse contrast on the spatial and energy distributions of accelerated proton beams. Results from an ongoing experimental investigation of proton acceleration using the 10 Hz multi-terawatt Ti : sapphire laser (35 fs, 35 TW) at the Lund Laser Centre are discussed. It is demonstrated that a window of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) conditions exist, for which the direction of proton emission is sensitive to the ASE-pedestal preceding the peak of the laser pulse, and that by significantly improving the temporal contrast, using plasma mirrors, efficient proton acceleration is observed from target foils with thickness less than 50 nm.
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| 722. |
- Meklesh, Viktoriia, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the Colloidal Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter From Forest Soils
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Soil Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-8619.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Components of dissolved organic matter (DOM) span from sub-nm molecules to colloidal aggregates of several hundred nm. The colloidal fraction is important for the transport of organic matter and associated elements in the environment, and for the stability of DOM constituents with respect to microbial decomposition. This study focuses on the colloidal properties of DOM extracted from spruce forest soils of a chronosequence. The DOM samples were obtained by common water extraction procedures at 21 and 100°C, respectively. We applied an experimental approach combining chemical analysis with light and X-ray scattering techniques that informed on the colloidal size, charge, and structure of DOM. Results showed that two main types of colloids were present: semi-flexible cylinders and fractal aggregates. The cylinders consisted of carbohydrates, presumably hemicelluloses, while the aggregates were a composite material containing a large fraction of carbohydrates together with aliphatics and clay particles. These fractal aggregates dominated the cold-water extracts whereas the strong increase in total organic carbon by hot-water extraction caused a concomitantly strong increase of semi-flexible cylinders, which became the predominant species. Comparison between the chronosequence soils showed that with increasing forest age, the amount of carbon extracted per gram of soil declined and the concentration of the semi-flexible cylinders decreased. Thus, the distribution between the fractal aggregates and cylinders in the forest soil DOM samples depends on the composition of the soil organic matter and the leaching temperature. Changes in this distribution may have important implications for the reactivity and stability of DOM colloids.
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| 723. |
- Melander, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Novel and conventional biomarkers for prediction of incident cardiovascular events in the community.
- 2009
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Ingår i: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598. ; 302:1, s. 49-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Prior studies have demonstrated conflicting results regarding how much information novel biomarkers add to cardiovascular risk assessment. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of contemporary biomarkers for predicting cardiovascular risk when added to conventional risk factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cohort study of 5067 participants (mean age, 58 years; 60% women) without cardiovascular disease from Malmö, Sweden, who attended a baseline examination between 1991 and 1994. Participants underwent measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP), cystatin C, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase 2, midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM), midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (N-BNP) and underwent follow-up until 2006 using the Swedish national hospital discharge and cause-of-death registers and the Stroke in Malmö register for first cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary death). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident cardiovascular and coronary events. RESULTS: During median follow-up of 12.8 years, there were 418 cardiovascular and 230 coronary events. Models with conventional risk factors had C statistics of 0.758 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.734 to 0.781) and 0.760 (0.730 to 0.789) for cardiovascular and coronary events, respectively. Biomarkers retained in backward-elimination models were CRP and N-BNP for cardiovascular events and MR-proADM and N-BNP for coronary events, which increased the C statistic by 0.007 (P = .04) and 0.009 (P = .08), respectively. The proportion of participants reclassified was modest (8% for cardiovascular risk, 5% for coronary risk). Net reclassification improvement was nonsignificant for cardiovascular events (0.0%; 95% CI, -4.3% to 4.3%) and coronary events (4.7%; 95% CI, -0.76% to 10.1%). Greater improvements were observed in analyses restricted to intermediate-risk individuals (cardiovascular events: 7.4%; 95% CI, 0.7% to 14.1%; P = .03; coronary events: 14.6%; 95% CI, 5.0% to 24.2%; P = .003). However, correct reclassification was almost entirely confined to down-classification of individuals without events rather than up-classification of those with events. CONCLUSIONS: Selected biomarkers may be used to predict future cardiovascular events, but the gains over conventional risk factors are minimal. Risk classification improved in intermediate-risk individuals, mainly through the identification of those unlikely to develop events.
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| 724. |
- Melin, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Microreplication in a Silicon Processing Compatible Material
- 2005
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Ingår i: IEEE/LEOS Optical MEMS 2005: International Conference on Optical MEMS and Their Applications, Oulu, Finland, 1-4 August 2005. - 9780780392786 ; , s. 89-90
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a novel fabrication process for the integration of polymer micro-optical elements on silicon. The process relies on a reverse order protocol based on embossing in an amorphous fluorocarbon polymer, Cytop™.
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| 725. |
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| 726. |
- Miftakhova, Regina, et al.
(författare)
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DNA Methylation in ATRA-treated leukemia cell lines lacking a PML-RAR chromosome translocation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - : International Institute of Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 32:11, s. 4715-4722
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract A deficient retinoic acid signaling has been suggested to be an important cause of the clinical inefficacy of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy in non-promyelocytic (non-PML) forms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The general aim of the present work was to explore novel ways to take advantage of the anti-leukemic potential of ATRA, and, specifically, to search for a synergism between ATRA and epigenetic drugs. Because previous reports have found no major influence of ATRA on DNA methylation, we investigated whether ATRA-mediated differentiation of the U937 and HL-60 AML cell lines, both lacking a PML-retinoic acid receptor (RAR) fusion product, is accompanied by early-appearing and weak changes in CpG methylation. We report that in HL-60 cells, by using a highly quantitative analysis of a set of genes found to be abnormally expressed in AML, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified p16 gene promoter molecules (each with 15 CpG sites), exhibited a CpG methylation level of 0-4% in untreated cells, which increased to 4-21% after treatment with ATRA for seven days. In contrast to HL-60 cells, U937 cells exhibited a very high CpG methylation level in p16, and ATRA did not influence the promoter methylation of this gene. In the total CCGG sites of the genome, analysed using a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme, CpG methylation was significantly lower in ATRA-treated HL-60 (p<0.01) and U937 cells (p<0.05) than in controls. Taken together, our findings show that ATRA can influence DNA methylation, and suggest that future research should investigate whether epigenetic modulation may evoke a clinical effect of ATRA in leukemia.
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| 727. |
- Miftakhova, Regina, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring novel therapeutic options in T-LGL, including epigenetic modulation : a case report
- 2010
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Ingår i: Leukemia Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-2126 .- 1873-5835. ; 34:7, s. e145-e149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- T cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL) is a chronic disease covering a wide spectrum of clinical presentations in the border-land between reactive autoimmunity and overt leukemia [1-2]. Most T-LGL patients follow an indolent course, and display a fairly uniform immunophenotype: TCR alfa/beta+, CD3+, CD4-, CD8+, CD56-, CD57+. This disease often causes significant morbidity mediated by anemia and granulocytopenia, considered to occur by mechanism of T cell cytokines. There is no consensus for optimal therapy of T-LGL, but beneficial effects have been reported for a number of agents including cyclosporin, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and nucleoside analogs [1-2]. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no experience with some modalities currently in use for closely related disorders. The purpose of the experiments reported in this case report was to evaluate the need for clinical studies on such therapies, including epigenetic modulation and extracorporeal photopheresis.
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| 728. |
- Mjöfors, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Stump harvesting and the soil/atmosphere exchange of CO2
- 2017
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Ingår i: Stump Harvesting : Impacts on Climate and Environment - Impacts on Climate and Environment. ; , s. 33-37
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Soil disturbance from stump extraction and site preparation will initially lead to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from the soil. This is one result achieved from a series of new experiments established throughout Sweden and is contrasting to what was previously assumed. After one year however, this initial reduction had disappeared and emissions were around the same level for bothdisturbed and undisturbed soil.
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| 729. |
- Mohammad, Moman A., et al.
(författare)
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Incidence and outcome of myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention during COVID-19 pandemic
- 2020
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 106:23, s. 1812-1818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Most reports on the declining incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) during the COVID-19 have either been anecdotal, survey results or geographically limited to areas with lockdowns. We examined the incidence of MI during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden, which has remained an open society with a different public health approach fighting COVID-19.METHODS: We assessed the incidence rate (IR) as well as the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of all MI referred for coronary angiography in Sweden using the nationwide Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR), during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden (1 March 2020-7 May 2020) in relation to the same days 2015-2019.RESULTS: A total of 2443 MIs were referred for coronary angiography during the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in an IR 36 MIs/day (204 MIs/100 000 per year) compared with 15 213 MIs during the reference period with an IR of 45 MIs/day (254 MIs/100 000 per year) resulting in IRR of 0.80, 95% CI (0.74 to 0.86), p<0.001. Results were consistent in all investigated patient subgroups, indicating no change in patient category seeking cardiac care. Kaplan-Meier event rates for 7-day case fatality were 439 (2.3%) compared with 37 (2.9%) (HR: 0.81, 95% CI (0.58 to 1.13), p=0.21). Time to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was shorter during the pandemic and PCI was equally performed, indicating no change in quality of care during the pandemic.CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reduced the incidence of MI referred for invasive treatment strategy. No differences in overall short-term case fatality or quality of care indicators were observed.
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| 730. |
- Mosén, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A study of structural and heart characteristics in male triathletes compared to normals
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Normal hjärtfunktion hos förstorade idrottshjärtan – en MR-studie av manliga elittriatleters hjärtan Henrik Mosén1, Mathilda Eliasson1, Marcus Carlsson1, Andreas Persson1, Torsten Buhre2 och Håkan Arheden1. Avdelningen för klinisk fysiologi, Universitetssjukhuset i Lund1, Idrottsvetenskap, Malmö högskola2. Bakgrund: Endast ett fåtal studier av uthållighetstränade elitidrottares hjärtan har gjorts med kardiovaskulär MR-teknik (CMR). Tidigare studier har ofta använt ekokardiografi som undersökningsmodalitet, men MR-tekniken är i många avseenden en bättre metod när särskild exakthet i mätningar och mycket god reproducerbarhet är önskvärd. Syftet med studien var därför att med modern CMR-teknik jämföra elitidrottares hjärtan med hjärtan hos normalt tränade personer, med avseende på struktrella och funktionella parametrar. Metod: 13 svenska manliga elittriatleter, 33,3 5,7 år gamla, genomförde ett maximalt arbetsprov med gasanalys för att fastställa deras arbetsfysiologiska status. Hjärtparametrarna studerades med moderna MR-sekvenser, som steady state free precession (SSFP). Studien gjordes som 4 delstudier, där målet var att klargöra om man kan finna några hjärtfysiologiska skillnader mellan elitidrottarna och normaltränade individer. Vänsterkammarmassa (LVM), vänsterkammarvolymer och cardiac index (CI) studerades. Dessutom gjordes mätningar av total hjärtvolym (THV) och total hjärtvolymsvariation (THVV) hos elitidrottarna, något som inte gjorts tidigare. Resultat: CI var något, men inte signifikant (p = 0,10), förhöjt hos elitidrottarna jämfört med normala. LVM och slutdiastoliska och slutsystoliska volymer var högre än referensvärden för åldersmatchade normala, men ejektionsfraktionen hos idrottarna skilde sig inte från de normalas. Idrottarna hade en signifikant (p<0,001) större THV men skilde sig inte från normaler vad gäller THVV. Sammanfattning: Vi konstaterar att hjärtat hos de uthållighetstränade elitidrottare vi studerat skiljer sig från normala hjärtan vad gäller storleken, där både vänsterkammaren såväl som hela hjärtat är större hos elitidrottarna. Vad gäller funktionen är den helt normal vad gäller alla studerade parametrar, vilket kan tolkas som att förstoringen av idrottshjärtat är en väl balanserad anpassning till högre krav på hjärtat som pump.
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