| 11. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Attraction of Male Pine Sawflies, Diprion jingyuanensis, to Synthetic Pheromone Candidates: Synergism between Two Stereoisomers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI. - 1999-4907. ; 14:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pine sawfly Diprion jingyuanensis Xiao and Zhang (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) is a serious pest of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. in the Shanxi, Gansu, and Inner Mongolia provinces in P. R. China. The sex pheromone of D. jingyuanensis was shown to be the propionate ester of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol. Virgin females contained an approximate 1:3 blend of the pheromone precursors erythro-(2S,3S,7R/S and 2R,3R,7R/S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol and threo-(2S,3R,7R/S and 2R,3S,7R/S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, but the exact stereoisomers were not determined. Males responded the strongest to the propionate ester of the two threo-isomers, (2S,3R,7R) and (2S,3R,7S), in electroantennogram (EAG) recordings, followed by a significant EAG response to the (2S,3R,7R) propionate of diprionol (pheromone component of D. similis), whereas the remaining two isomers (2S,3S,7S and 2S,3S,7R) of the propionate ester of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol and the acetate of the (2S,3R,7R) isomer (one of the two pheromone components of D. pini) did not elicit any significant increase in antennal response. In the field, the strongly EAG-active (2S,3R,7R)-isomer alone was only weakly (but significantly) attractive to D. jingyuanensis males at 100 & mu;g, while the equally EAG- active (2S,3R,7S)-isomer alone at the same loading was 8-14 times more attractive than was the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer alone. Traps baited with the same amounts of the two threo-isomers ((2S,3R,7R) and (2S,3R,7S), 100 & mu;g + 100 & mu;g) caught significantly more males than did traps baited with other isomers, either of the two isomers alone or other proportions of the two isomers. Thus, the (2S,3R,7S)-isomer is considered as a strong and essential sex-attractant component for D. jingyuanensis males, whereas the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer is a weak but synergistic sex-attractant. This is one of the few examples of a pine sawfly responding significantly stronger to a binary blend of stereoisomers in a synergistic fashion than to a single stereoisomer alone.
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| 12. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Release of sex pheromone and its precursors in the pine sawfly Diprion pini (Hym., Diprionidae)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Chemoecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-7409 .- 1423-0445. ; 15:3, s. 147-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first identification of a sex pheromone of a pine sawfly (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) dates back almost thirty years. Since then, female-produced pheromones of over twenty diprionid species have been investigated by solvent extraction followed by separation and identification. However, no study has shown what the females actually release. Collection of airborne compounds using absorbtion on charcoal filter as well as solid phase microextraction (SPME) followed by analysis employing gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealed an unusual system in Diprion pini, in which the pheromone precursor alcohol, 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, is released together with acetic, propionic, butyric and isobutyric acids. The corresponding acetate, propionate and butyrate esters of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol were also found in the samples. All esters were electrophysiologically active, and the propionate and isobutyrate were attractive in trapping experiments. Based on these and earlier reported results, it seems that at least in part of its range, the pheromone response of D. pini is not very specific with regard to the functional group, as long as this is an ester.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Camilla, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of the Productive Safety Net Program in Ethiopia on livestock and tree holdings of rural households
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Development Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3878 .- 1872-6089. ; 94:1, s. 119-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated the impacts of the Ethiopian Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on rural households' holdings of livestock and forest assets/trees. We found no indication that participation in PSNP induces households to disinvest in livestock or trees. In fact, households that participated in the program increased the number of trees planted, but there was no increase in their livestock holdings. We found no strong evidence that the PSNP protects livestock in times of shock. Shocks appear to lead households to disinvest in livestock, but not in trees. Our results suggest that there is increased forestry activity as a result of PSNP, and that improved credit access encourages households to increase their livestock holdings.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of asthma among workers exposed to sulfur dioxide and other irritant gases
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 27:4, s. 720-5.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate whether repeated peak exposure (gassings) to sulphur dioxide (SO2) and other irritant gases increases the risk of new-onset asthma. A questionnaire was sent to 4,112 sulphite workers, of whom 1,919 completed the questionnaire and 396 completed the short-form questionnaire, which was sent out as a last reminder. A sample of 130 nonrespondents completed a telephone interview using the short-form questionnaire. The incidence of adult-onset, physician-diagnosed asthma during employment duration was analysed in relation to exposure to SO2 and gassings giving rise to respiratory symptoms. Incidence rates, as well as incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI), were calculated. Further Cox regression models were used allowing assessment of hazard ratios (HR) stratified for sex and adjusted for atopy, smoking habits and age. The incidence rate for asthma among sulphite mill workers reporting gassings of SO2 was 6.2 out of 1,000 person-yrs, compared with 1.9 out of 1,000 person-yrs among subjects unexposed to SO2 and any gassings (HR (95% CI) 4.0 (2.1-7.7)). Among males reporting gassings to SO2, the HR (95% CI) for asthma was 5.8 (2.6-13) compared with unexposed males. In conclusion, repeated peak exposure to sulphur dioxide increased the incidence of asthma during work in sulphite pulp mills, which supports the hypothesis of irritant-induced asthma.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Morgan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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New Swedish forensic psychiatric facilities: visions and outcomes.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Facilities. - : Emerald. - 0263-2772 .- 1758-7131. ; 31:1/2, s. 24-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to map significant features of the physical design of nine recently planned facilities for forensic psychiatric care in Sweden. The present paper is focused on differences in the physical design, static security adaptations, visions and goals for the projects, economy and steering processes. Design/methodology/approach – In June 2008, records concerning major forensic psychiatric construction projects, planned or carried out between 1970 and 2008, were requested from all 21 regions in Sweden. The documents were collected, organized, critically examined, and analyzed in their contexts. Extensive data have also been retrieved from the internet. Findings – In spite of the common national legislation governing forensic psychiatric care, the projects show great diversity in the physical design and, after 2006, increasing emphasis on static security. The collected material indicates different visions and goals and little coordination between them. It also suggests that the decisions rarely have been preceded by scientific studies or, as it appears, systematic needs assessments. There were also considerable variations in the interpretation of the legislation stipulating public access to official documentation and the time-frame allowed for such requests. Research limitations/implications – Limitations of the project especially relate to the incompleteness of the documents received. Originality/value – This mainly descriptive paper provides an overview of contemporary Swedish forensic psychiatric construction projects, planned for or realized after 2000. This paper points out structural and physical differences between these projects. The systematised documents are made available for research purposes within different disciplines.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, 1977
(författare)
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Från fullformat till tabloid: formatets betydelse för nyhetsjournalistiken
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Spelar en tidnings format egentligen någon roll för hur dess nyhetsinnehåll ser ut? Med utgångspunkt i det tidiga 2000-talets stora formatövergång har analysen fokuserat på huruvida tabloidformatet i sig kräver en annan form av nyhetsjournalistik i jämförelse med det större fullformatet. Genom att utgå från tre av tabloidiseringsbegreppets dimensioner – form, bredd och perspektiv – har studien granskat huruvida det har skett en tabloidisering av nyhetsjournalistiken som en direkt konsekvens av bytet från fullformat till tabloid. Analysen har baserats på innehållsliga förändringar i fem tidningar som under perioden 2001-2007 har bytt från fullformat till tabloidformat. De år som varit aktuella för innehållsanalysen är 1990, 2000 samt 2010. För att kunna särskilja vilka förändringar som är att karakterisera som formatberoende respektive vilka förändringar som kan sägas vara branschgemensamma har studien även omfattat en morgontidning och en kvällstidning som inte har bytt format under den aktuella perioden. Det material som har analyserats utgår från det mer renodlade nyhetsinnehåll som presenteras under vinjetter såsom lokala nyheter, inrikesnyheter samt utrikesnyheter. En central slutsats är att det definitivt har skett en viss grad av tabloidisering av de undersökta tidningarna: 1) att antalet nyhetsartiklar i sig såväl som det totala utrymme som ägnas åt traditionell nyhetsrapportering har minskat i tidningarna; 2) det skrivna ordet har blivit utsatt för betydligt större konkurrens i takt med att antalet illustrationer har blivit både fler och större; 3) det har skett en reell minskning av mängden nyheter som fokuserar på politik och samhällsplanering, men denna förändring har dock inte lett till en motsvarande ökning av andelen nyheter med fokus på underhållning och livsstil - däremot syns en tydlig ökning av andelen nyheter om olyckor och brott, en rapportering som i allt högre utsträckning innehåller mer sensationsbetonade inslag; 4) det har skett en gradvis ökning av andelen nyhetsartiklar som tar sin utgångspunkt i den privata sfären. Givet de kriterier som vanligen brukar anges som kännetecken för en tabloidiseringsprocess har de studerade tidningarna till viss del således förändrats i en mer tabloidiserad riktning sett till deras nyhetsinnehåll. De flesta av dessa förändringar har emellertid ingen direkt koppling till själva formatövergången. Tvärtom tycks de snarare vara kopplade till generella förändringar i branschen som helhet. De tabloidiseringstendenser som varit skönjbara i studien bör därför snarast ses som konsekvenser av den generella branschvisdomen än som en konsekvens av formatbytet som sådant. Rent konkret innebär det att dessa innehållsliga och layoutmässiga förändringar i första hand styrs av de ideal och normer som råden inom branschen i form av ett slags kulturell visdom som inte alltid är synbar, men som mer eller mindre omedvetet sätter gränserna för vad som är görbart på de enskilda tidningarna.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, 1977
(författare)
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Publikforskning i en digitaliserad och konvergerad medievärld
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten utgör en gedigen forskningsöversikt över samtida användningsforskning med utgångpunkt i uses and gratification som paraplybegrepp. I studien görs en systematisk genomgång av hur användningsforskningens teoretiska bas har utvecklats, samt vilka resultat som har framkommit i studier som behandlar medieanvändning under åren 2007-2014. Rapporten bygger på en mycket omfattande genomgång av såväl nationell som internationell forskning om publikens användning av traditionella och digitala medier.
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