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Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(MEDICIN) AMNE:(Socialmedicin) AMNE:(Folkhälsomedicinska forskningsområden) srt2:(1985-1989)"

Sökning: AMNE:(MEDICIN) AMNE:(Socialmedicin) AMNE:(Folkhälsomedicinska forskningsområden) > (1985-1989)

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1.
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2.
  • Kellman, PJ, et al. (författare)
  • Concurrent motion in infant event perception
  • 1987
  • Ingår i: Infant Behavior and Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0163-6383 .- 1879-0453. ; 10:1, s. 1-10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Infant sensitivity to motion relationships specifying certain complex events, such as a person walking, has recently been demonstrated, but the perceptual principles underlying early event perception are not well understood. Retinal motion toward a common point (concurrent motion) specifies translation in depth to adult perceivers in the absence of conflicting information (Börjesson & von Hofsten, 1973). We tested this principle of event perception with 28 16-week-old infants. One group was habituated in a dark room to a concurrent motion: three points of light moving in a frontoparallel plane toward and away from a central point (not seen). After habituation, the room was illuminated, and looking time was tested to alternate presentations of two displays. In one display (depth motion), three lights were attached to a triangle actually moving in depth; in the other display (surface motion), the three lights moved visibly along the surface of a fronto-parallel stationary triangle. If concurrent motion, in the absence of conflicting information, specifies motion in depth to infants, they were expected to look longer after habituation at the surface motion display. A control group tested infants' relative interest in the two test displays with no prior habituation period. Control-group infants marginally preferred the depth movement display. The habituation group responded three times as much to the surface motion display, suggesting that motion in depth had been perceived during habituation. Specification of motion in depth by concurrency of relative proximal stimulus motions seems to be an operative principle in infants' perception; moreover, at least some principles of early event perception are unrelated to person perception or biological motion. The relation of these results to recent findings in infant object perception is discussed.
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3.
  • Knutsson, Anders (författare)
  • Computerization in industry causes problem for people with reading and writing difficulties (dyslexia)
  • 1986
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of social medicine. - 0300-8037. ; 14:4, s. 179-181
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • For 10 years computerization in industry has advanced at a rapid pace. A problem which has not received attention is that of people with reading and writing difficulties who experience severe problems when they have to communicate with a computer monitor screen. These individuals are often embarrassed by their difficulties and conceal them from their fellow workers. A number of case studies are described which show the form the problems can take. In one case, an employee was compelled to move from department to department as each was computerized in turn. Computers transform a large number of manual tasks in industry into jobs which call for reading and writing skills. Better education at elementary school and at the workplace in connection with computerization are the most important means of overcoming this problem. Moreover, computer programs could be written in a more human way.
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4.
  • Knutsson, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Increased risk of ischemic heart disease in shift workers
  • 1986
  • Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 2:8498, s. 89-92
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • 504 papermill workers were followed up for 15 years and the incidence of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in shift workers was compared with that in day workers. The relative risk (RR) of IHD rose with increasing duration of reported exposure to shift work. A significant risk of IHD was associated with an exposure of 11 - 15 years (RR = 2.2, p less than 0.04) and of 16 to 20 years (RR = 2.8, p less than 0.03. The association was independent of age and smoking history. The RR of IHD fell sharply after 20 years of shift work. This was ascribed to the pronounced positive selection that had taken place in this group.
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5.
  • Knutsson, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Prevalence of risk factors for coronary artery disease among day and shift workers
  • 1988
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health. - 0355-3140. ; 14:5, s. 317-321
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Several recent studies have indicated that shift work is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease. In this cross-sectional study 361 shift workers were examined with respect to some major risk factors for coronary artery disease; 240 day workers constituted the reference group. A higher proportion of shift workers smoked (54 versus 39%). Shift workers also had significantly higher levels of serum triglycerides (1.61 versus 1.43 mmol/l). Body mass index and the blood pressure and total cholesterol levels did not differ between the groups. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that shift work was significantly related to serum triglyceride levels also when age, smoking, body mass index, and other variables were controlled for. It was concluded that shift work is associated with several risk factors for coronary artery disease.
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6.
  • Knutsson, Anders (författare)
  • Relationships between serum trigycerides and g-Glutamyltransferase among shift and day workers
  • 1989
  • Ingår i: Journal of internal medicine. - 0954-6820. ; 226:5, s. 337-339
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Increased levels of serum triglycerides in shift workers have been reported in two population-based studies. In order to examine this relationship and to take some common confounding factors into account this cross-sectional study of 562 shift and day workers was carried out. The shift workers had significantly higher levels of serum triglycerides. gamma-glutamyltransferase and total cholesterol, and Body Mass Index did not differ between the groups. The cause of increased serum concentrations of triglycerides is unclear. The present study provides no evidence to support the assumption that alcohol drinking or obesity accounts for increased levels of serum triglycerides in shift workers.
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7.
  • Knutsson, Anders (författare)
  • Shift work and coronary heart disease
  • 1989
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Previous research on the medical consequences of shift work has mainly been concerned with sleep disorders and gastrointestinal disturbances. Cardiovascular disease has not been clearly implicated. The objective of the present study was to investigate a possible association between shift work and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), which is the most common cause of death in industrialized countries. Previous research is reviewed and criticized for using simple approaches with little ability to quantify exposure and to control for selection. Two longitudinal and two cross-sectional studies have been carried out. One study has measured incidence of CHD in 504 male day and shiftworkers from 1968 to 1982/83. The results indicate that shift work is associated with CHD. Our result has demonstrated a dose-response relationship between years of shift work and CHD. Our findings on increased risk of CHD in shift workers are consistent with recent epidemiological studies from Sweden which have used register data. The cross-sectional studies in which two different cohorts of male blue-collar workers were investigated did show a higher percentage of smokers among shift workers. In addition, the shift workers had higher serum concentrations of serum triglycerides. The difference in serum triglyceride levels between day and shift workers could not be explained by obesity, smoking or alcohol intake in the statistical analyses. These results suggest that the prevalence of risk factors for CHD is higher among shift workers. A prospective study of 25 male shift and day workers, who were followed for six months, indicated that the diet of shift workers might be responsible for changes in the ratio between apoB and apoA-1, a ratio which is related to risk of coronary disease. The analyses of spontaneous changes in the diet showed that the shift workers tended to decrease the intake of dietary fibre and increase the intake of sacharose. The change in the ratio between apoB and apoA-1 correlated inversely with the change in intake of dietary fibre. It is concluded that spontaneous changes in the diet of shift workers might be responsible for changes in serum lipoproteins. Three major disease pathways from shift work to CHD are proposed: (i) disturbed physiological rhythm and/or a collision between the circadian rhythm and myocardial performance, (ii) changes in behaviour, and (iii) disturbed sociotemporal rhythmicity, which might lead to distress reactions.
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8.
  • Torsvall, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Sleep on the night shift: 24-hour EEG monitoring of spontaneous sleep/wake behavior
  • 1989
  • Ingår i: Psychophysiology. - : Wiley. - 0048-5772 .- 1469-8986. ; 26:3, s. 352-358
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present study sought to objectively describe the spontaneous sleep/wakefulness pattern of shift workers during a 24-hour period. Portable Medilog tape-recorders were used for ambulatory EEG monitoring of 25 male papermill workers (25-55 years) during days with night and afternoon work. The results showed that sleep after night work was two hours shorter than after afternoon work. The sleep reduction affected mainly Stage 2 and REM sleep while slow wave sleep was unchanged. In connection with night work 28% of the workers took a nap in the afternoon. These naps contained a large proportion of slow wave sleep and were, apparently, caused by the sleep deficit after the short main sleep period. The EEG recordings also revealed that 20% of the participants had sleep episodes during night work. These naps were as long as the afternoon naps, were experienced as "dozing offs" rather than naps, occurred at the time of the trough of the circadian wakefulness rhythm, and were concomitant with extreme subjective sleepiness and low rated work load. It was concluded that not only the sleep of shift workers was disturbed, but also the wakefulness--to the extent that sleepiness during night work sometimes reached a level where reasonable wakefulness could not be maintained. The latter observation is probably of special importance in work situations demanding a great responsibility for human lives or for great economic values.
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