| 1. |
- Olstam, Johan, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Dynamic bus lanes in Sweden – a pre-study : PROVDYK – Final report
- 2015
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Dynamic bus lanes are only dedicated for buses when and where the buses need them, and otherwise open for all vehicles to use. This report presents the results from a pre-study, investigating the potential that dynamic bus lanes could have as a priority measure for public transport in a Swedish context. Knowledge of situations in which dynamic bus lanes have the highest potential, and their implementation requirements is scarce. It is moreover uncertain how they would affect traffic safety, level of service, user experience, travel time and delays for other vehicles.A workshop was conducted within this pre-study in order to further investigate plausible user experiences. The results indicate that:bus drivers’ stress levels could be reducedthe relative attractiveness of travelling by bus might risethat motorists probably would experience the introduction of dynamic bus lanes as neither good nor bad, as long as the system is fairly intuitiveTechnical solutions for implementing dynamic bus lanes exist. A dynamic bus lane system would require development of a system control unit and integration with bus sensors, sensors for traffic flow measurement, variable message signs (to inform road users of the current status of the dynamic bus lane) and traffic signals. The overall conclusion form the pre-study is that dynamic bus lanes could be a useful complementary priority measure for public transport vehicles in Sweden, especially when dedicated bus lanes are not feasible or desirable.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ihlström, Jonas, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Hot och våld mot bussförare och tågvärdar
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I studien har befintlig statistik över inrapporterat hot och våld bland bussförare och tågvärdar analyserats. Den kvalitativ ansatsen i studien bygger på intervjuer med medarbetare och chefer i trafikföretagen. Sammanlagt har 29 bussförare och tågvärdar intervjuats (16 tågvärdar och 12 bussförare), samt 7 chefer i olika befattningar i de två bolagen. Med detta som utgångspunkt har ett antal potentiala åtgärder identiferats och kategoriserats som aktörssamverkan eller organisationsutveckling. Aktörssamverkan handlar om att utveckla samverkan och tydligheten mot kund i avgörande frågor som biljettaviseringer etc. Det är framförallt samverkan mellan trafikföretag och kollektivtrafikmyndighet som är avgörande. Självklart ska även förarna vara med i denna dialog. Organisationsutveckling handlar om att ta fram, tydligt kommunicera och följa upp riktlinjer till förare och tågvärdare. Detta är framförallt viktigt när det gäller färdbeviskontroll. Det handlar även om att förbättra tillbudsrapporteringen och de förutsättningar och vilkor som desas omges med. Det måste vara tydligt att rapporteringen är viktigt, vad som ska rapporteras, när och hur, men även vad den leder till. Vidare är värderingar och värdegrundsarbete en sannolikt en viktig fråga att jobba med. I detta ingår att ha en gemensam sund företagskultur, en tydlighet i vilken roll medarbetare har i olika situationer, diskrimineringsgrunder etc. Medarbetarperspektiv är en viktigt dimension. Att se till att de förare och tågvärdar har en repetoar med svar till de som inte vill visa giligt färdbevis förväntas vara en lämplig åtgärd.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Vehicle Driver Monitoring : sleepiness and cognitive load
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- To prevent road crashes, it is important to understand driver related contributing factors. The overall aim of the Vehicle Driver Monitoring project was to advance the understanding of two such factors; sleepiness and cognitive distraction. The project aimed at finding methods to measure the two states, with focus on physiological measures, and to study their effect on driver behaviour. The data collection was done in several laboratory and driving simulator experiments. Much new knowledge and insights were gained in the project. Significant effects of cognitive load as well as of sleepiness were found in several physiological measures. The results also showed that context, including individual and environmental factors, has a great impact on driver behaviours, measures and driver experiences.
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| 5. |
- Ahlström, Christer, et al.
(author)
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Detecting sleepiness by Optalert : final report
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Many crashes with heavy vehicle can be attributed to driver sleepiness or driving impairment due to sleepiness, and it is important to find methods to predict those situations and counteract this problem. The Optalert fatigue management system claims to be able to detect sleepiness. The aims of this study are to (a) evaluate if Optalert can detect sleepiness equally well as other sleepiness indicators and (b) if the data patterns obtained by Optalert correlates with these other sleepiness indicators. Twelve sleep deprived truck drivers drove for about 90 minutes in an advanced moving base truck simulator. The experimental setup, including the sleep deprivation, was designed so that the drivers should become increasingly sleepier during the trial and the intention was that they should fall asleep during the experiment.Four different indicators of sleepiness or driving impairment due to sleepiness were used to monitor the state of the drivers; the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), the variability in lateral position (SDLP), the blink duration and the Optalert system. The results show that all four sleepiness indicators increased with time on task. An analysis of variance revealed that the changes were significant for KSS, blink duration and the Optalert system, and a correlation analysis showed that Optalert correlated significantly with blink duration and SDLP. However, even though these correlations were significant, they were all rather low with a maximum correlation coefficient of 0.24.In conclusion, the Optalert system is promising and the sleepiness rating provided by the system works at least equally well as the other three sleepiness indicators. There are some practical limitations to the system; there is no reliable threshold which can be used to determine when a driver is getting too sleepy to drive (this is also the case for other available sleepiness indicators), the driver needs to be attached to the vehicle via the spectacle frames and a wire, and the quality of the eye movement recordings often deteriorated when the driver started driving the truck. Moreover, during the experiment the technical reliability was sometimes low.
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| 6. |
- Aigner-Breuss, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Comparison and analysis of user and stakeholder needs across different countries
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The current deliverable aims at presenting the results of the analysis of stakeholder needs, in order to have support for selecting the most relevant use cases. For the identification of user requirements of all stakeholders relevant to school transportation different methods were used:- Focus groups with representatives of one user or stakeholder group- Workshops with different stakeholders- 2 questionnaire surveys (Questionaire A: Road Experts, Questionaire B: children, parents and bus drivers)Problems and needs in the following areas were subject of discussions, interviews and questionnaires:- Behaviour of road users counteracting with school buses- Behaviour of pupils on the school bus and while entering and exiting the same- Design of bus stops- Protection of pupils on the school bus- Condition of school buses- Education of school bus drivers- Education of pupils concerning school transportation- Information flow- Route to/from school- Special needs of children with disabilitiesResults show that the organisation of school transport varies between countries and even within a country. Stakeholders underline the importance of consistent regulations and clear responsibilities as a basis for a safe way to school by bus.
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| 7. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Advantages and disadvantages of different methods to evaluate sleepiness warning systems
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This is a methodological paper with the aim to discuss pros and cons related to different tools and environments when evaluating the effect of warnings given to sleepy drivers. There is no simple answer to the question which platform is most suitable. It depends on the research question asked, and it is possible that different aspects of the problem should be approached with different methods. A driving simulator has clear advantages when high control and repeatability are paramount. A simulator can also be used when the driver has to be put into a potentially dangerous scenario. How ecologically valid the results obtained from a simulator in fact are depends very much on the fidelity of the simulator. A test track study is based on real driving and should have a higher degree of ecological validity. On the other hand, the test track most often consists of an unrealistic environment. For assessing the prevalence of drowsy driving in real traffic, and in order to investigate what drivers actually do when they receive a sleepiness warning, it is absolutely necessary to study their natural behaviour when they go about their daily routines. Here field operational tests or naturalistic driving studies are most suitable. A disadvantage is the lack of control.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Autonoma elektrifierade bussar : sammanlagda erfarenheter med fokus på användare
- 2023
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ride the future är en mobilitetslösning med tre elektrifierade autonoma bussar som trafikerar en 4,2 km lång slinga vid Linköpings Universitet och Vallastaden. Ett av målen för Ride the future är att visa hur en autonom elektrifierad buss kan vara en del av mobiliteten i den moderna förtätade staden. För att nå upp till det målet finns ett behov av att summera resultat från forskningsprojekt som har studerat användningen av de autonoma bussarna. Syftet med den här rapporten är att sammanfatta och diskutera dessa resultat med utgångspunkt i användares behov och erfarenheter.I sammanfattningen ingår aspekter kring fordon och drift, infrastruktur och användarnas uppfattning kring attraktivitet, tillgänglighet, bekvämlighet och inkludering.En sammanställning av genomförda användarstudier visar att majoriteten av de resenärer som testat bussarna är positiva till resandet, men att det krävs insatser för att attrahera bilister. Vidare behövs ett ökat fokus på utvecklingen av hur fordonen ska kunna kommunicera med resenärer i bussen, men även med de som interagerar med bussen utanför (fotgängare, cyklister och andra fordonsförare). Föraren är viktig sett utifrån den situation vi har idag med en till viss del omogen teknik. Förarna stöttar såväl bussen som resenärerna och då i synnerhet barn, äldre och personer med funktionsnedsättning. För att mobilitetstjänsten ska vara tillgänglig för alla passagerare behövs ändå utveckling och förbättring av både fysisk infrastruktur och digitala lösningar.Projektet Ride the futures parter avser att fortsätta med den gemensamma ambitionen att testa och bidra till utvecklingen av de lösningar som krävs för ett framtida hållbart mobilitetssystem inom både den förtätade staden och landsbygden. Frågeställningar som är nödvändiga att arbeta vidare med är både tekniska, mellanmänskliga samt affärsmässiga.
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| 10. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Barn i bil - socioekonomiska faktorer : litteratur- och enkätstudie
- 2003
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of the study was to identify relationships between no use/misuse of safety belt/child restraints and socio-economic aspects. The conclusions from the study will provide a basis for the future development of information and campaigns to increase the correct use of restraints. The study consisted of two parts: a literature review and a questionnaire. The questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 2,010 parents of children aged 2 months–9 years. The response rate was about 70 per cent. The level of misuse among small children was lower than among older children and lower in the family car compared with the overall situation. Parents who neglected to use the safety belts themselves were more likely to be careless in ensuring that the child used recommended restraint. The results also indicated that parents who were more likely to act in contradiction with rules and recommendation concerning use of restraints were also more likely to allow their children to travel without safety belts.
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