| 1. |
- Cedergren, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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A Performance Evaluation Framework for Innovation a chapter in Innovation in Business and Enterprise: Technologies and Frameworks
- 2010
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In: Innovation in Business and Enterprise. - : IGI Global. - 9781615206438 ; , s. 135-149
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter presents a framework for a conceptual evaluation of the performance of industrial product innovation activities. The framework promotes a holistic view of performance by considering three categories of activities: Planning, Implementation, and Sales and Delivery. Successful performance evaluation comes from acknowledging the fact that there are different objectives for each of the three activity categories. Moreover, performance may be expressed as a function of the performance of the Planning, the Implementation, and the Sales and Delivery activities. In this chapter the results of research involving seven large companies in Sweden, with the objective of improving the understanding of what is required to be successful when developing complex industrial products, are presented. Key factors for success as well as some general conclusions are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Cedergren, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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A road map for future research on industrial product-service systems (IPS2) : a systematic review
- 2012
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In: The Philosopher's Stone for Sustainability. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 9783642328466 - 9783642328473 ; , s. 185-190
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is an ongoing trend to expand traditional offerings of selling goods towards providing value through services to customers. In academia the term Industrial Product-Service Systems (IPS2) describes this phenomenon. Although many articles have been published on IPS2 a systematic review is lacking. This paper presents a systematic review of the IPS2 domain. Five themes characterizing IPS2 are revealed: delivery, processes, value creation networks, knowledge management, and business models. IPS2 is concluded to be both a young and distributed field of research, with a scope that needs to expand in terms of the themes covered and number of empirical studies
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| 3. |
- Cedergren, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of the industrial product-service systems (IPS2) literature : A systematic review
- 2012
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In: IEEE 6th International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology, ICMIT 2012. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781467301084 ; , s. 733-740
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Successful industrial goods-delivering companies are always looking for ways to develop and grow their business. A strong present trend is to expand the traditionally tangible offering by integrating intangible offerings i.e. services. In academia the term industrial product-service systems (IPS2) are being used to describe this paradigm shift. However, a systematic review of the IPS2 literature is lacking. In this paper publications regarding IPS2 are systematically reviewed. The result of our review has been categorized under five themes that we found characterizes IPS2: delivery, processes, value creation networks, knowledge management, and business models. Based on our findings a discussion is made and future research directions are identified
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| 4. |
- Cedergren, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Challenges with Evaluating Performance in Product Development
- 2010. - 8
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In: 17TH INTERNATIONAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE. - Murcia, Spain.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to from a managerial perspective investigate performance evaluation practices in a product development context. The focus is on exploring how managers perceive and evaluate performance in a software-intensive product development context. The research approach pursued in this research consist of a literature review combined with focused group interviews and exploratory multiple case studies. Moreover, a number of seminars have been held to discuss the findings both in academia and in practice. The result of this research indicates that product development managers are dissatisfied with their current way of evaluating performance. Performance measurements and the perception of performance are focused on cost, time and quality, i.e. what is easily measurable and not necessarily what is important. The dimensions of value creations and learning are missing. It is argued that manager perception of performance is affected by how it is measured, hence limiting the scope of the performance criteria. Thus, a change in the way managers perceive performance is necessary before there can be any change in the way performance is evaluated. Managers within product development that are dissatisfied with their performance measurement system should focus on how the organization perceive performance. By developing relevant performance criteria the first step in developing an effective performance evaluation system is made.
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| 5. |
- Cedergren, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of performance in a product development context
- 2010. - 4
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In: Business Horizons. - : Elsevier. - 0007-6813 .- 1873-6068. ; 53:4, s. 359-369
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In today's competitive environment, the need is greater than ever to deploy product development investments more effectively. To assist managers, we have developed two conceptual tools to support the evaluation of performance in product development. The Performance Measurement Evaluation Matrix (PMEX) helps managers evaluate performance measurement systems they currently use, in order to identify areas requiring improvement. Results from using the PMEX indicate that it is common to associate performance measurements with the efficiency aspects of time, cost, and quality, without monitoring the value created. Performance is largely perceived by managers in terms of time, cost, and quality of the activities in the later phases of the development process. We contend that an effective performance measurement system is based on performance criteria, and then derives measurements based on these. It is argued that there should be a change in the perception of performance, before performance evaluation systems can be improved. The Product Development Organizational Performance Model (PDOPM) assists in developing the perception of performance by relating uncertainty, efficiency, and effectiveness at three generic activity levels within the product development function. The use of our tools provides an improved perception of performance and its measurement, thus enabling improvements to the evaluation of performance.
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| 6. |
- Cedergren, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Improving Traceability by Focusing on Value during Development
- 2011
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In: 1st International Workshop on Value-Based Software Traceability (VALSOT 2011).
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Product delivering companies invest resources in software development activities in order to create value. Still, when performance in software development is to be measured, focus easily turns to time, cost, and quality in the later stages of the development process. Time, cost, and quality are important dimensions of performance but they are not revealing the complete picture. Missing is the value perspective. This paper outlines a method for how customer value can be used to evaluate performance and improve traceability during the development of a new product. The first step in the method is to value each requirement in the development project according to their perceived customer value. Hence, the value propagation can be monitored as the activities related the requirements are completed during the development. This information can then be used in order to improve traceability by visualizing the value propagation and performance during the development. The paper is concluded with outlining four key needs for future research.
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| 7. |
- Cedergren, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Making the Important Measurable
- 2011
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In: International Association for Management of Technology IAMOT 2011 Proceedings. - Miami Beach, USA.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Performance measurements related to product development typically focuses on what is easy to quantify and not necessarily what is important to measure. This research uses a case study approach to test a new model for designing performance indicators (DPI) based on what is important for a specific organization developing new products. The foundation for an effective performance measurement system is that the performance measurements are derived from relevant performance criteria and objectives. The proposed DPI method is therefore based on three consecutive steps. The first step is to decide what performance objectives are needed to be fulfilled in order to realize the pursued strategy. This step is followed by the identification of performance criteria / success factors that will contribute to the realization of the performance objectives. Performance criteria are typically related to what needs to be achieved in order to fulfill the objectives while success factors focus more on how they are to be fulfilled. Based on the most important performance criteria /success factors the supporting performance indicators can be derived from the literature or by using the performance measure record sheet. The performance allocation tracker is developed as a result of applying the DPI method in a real case and it is an indicator of the performance of the studied development project. The properties of the indicators resulting from using the DPI method include similar characteristics as leading indicators of performance. It is concluded that by focusing on performance criteria and success factors in the development of performance indicators, leading indicators of performance is derived.
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| 8. |
- Cedergren, Stefan, 1978-
(author)
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Performance in Product Development - The Case of Complex Products
- 2011
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This research addresses the concept of performance in the development of complex products. More specifically, its aim is to study how performance is perceived and measured within large global companies, and how performance measurement systems can be designed in a systematic way. The exploratory results regard how performance is currently perceived and measured. It is argued that performance measurements are focused on the later stages of the development of complex products, thus making it difficult to perform changes during the development. The focus is on lagging rather than leading indicators of performance, hence it is concluded that focus is on reporting the result rather than the causes of the result. In line with these findings is the weak link between what managers perceive as success factors and what is measured, the perception of performance being influenced by what is measured, rather than the reverse. The prescriptive results focus on the development of models and frameworks to be used during the development of complex products. A general method for developing performance indicators is presented. The concept of Products in Development is proposed, this making it possible to monitor how value is created during the development of a product. Both these models aim at complementing the currently used performance measurement system in order to support effective and efficient development of complex products. The method used in this research is mainly focused around the collection of qualitative data through a focused group interview, multiple case studies,and industrial reference-group seminars. A survey has also been used to complement the qualitative with quantitative data. The use of various research methods has made it possible to triangulate the data, thus strengthening the validity of the findings.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Cedergren, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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PMEX — A PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT EVALUATION MATRIX FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL SOFTWARE-INTENSIVE PRODUCTS
- 2011. - 6
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In: International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management (IJITM). - : World Scientific Publishing. ; 8:1, s. 55-76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ability to measure performance is both fundamental to and critical in successful product development. Previous research has focused on adding new measurements, not on evaluating those currently used. The performance measurement evaluation matrix (PMEX) is a tool to evaluate the performance-measurement system based on success factors in the development of software-intensive products. Three case studies have been conducted to test the PMEX and the results indicate that the PMEX enables managers to determine explicitly what is and what is not measured. Time, cost, and quality seem to be the focus of the performance measurements while technology and planning activities are absent.
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