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Sökning: Nicaragua > Engelska

  • Resultat 11-20 av 496
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11.
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12.
  • Wedel, Johan, 1962 (författare)
  • Sorcery and Violence in Eastern Nicaragua
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: 35th Caribbean Studies Association Conference, May 24-28, St. Peters, Barbados.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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13.
  • Mendoza, J. A., et al. (författare)
  • Assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the Rio Artiguas basin, Nicaragua
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Environmental Geology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0943-0105 .- 1432-0495. ; 50:4, s. 569-580
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Rio Artiguas basin in central Nicaragua shows a distinctive case of environmental deterioration due to anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals used in gold mining and other wastes are continuously released into the rivers, representing a threat to the water quality. This article aims to evaluate the groundwater intrinsic vulnerability in the Rio Artiguas basin and to provide information for sustainable use of water resources. The DRASTIC and GOD methods were used to analyse the relative pollution potential within the basin. DRASTIC was modified to include the degree of influence that geological structures have on the vulnerability. Moderate vulnerability areas cover most of the basin along stream valleys and lowlands, increasing downstream in the basin. The resulting vulnerability maps show that the limited groundwater resources are susceptible to surface water pollution as high vulnerability areas converge along the river valleys.
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14.
  • Wedel, Johan, 1962 (författare)
  • Spirit possession among the Miskitu of Nicaragua
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Paper for the 10th EASA conference, Ljubljana, Slovenia, August 26-29, 2008..
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The Miskitu people of Eastern Nicaragua are occasionally troubled by a spectacular illness called grisi siknis or "crazy sickness," said to be caused by spirits. This paper inquires into how Miskitu healers ritually transform the experience of the afflicted through an idiom of the spirit world.
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15.
  • Ugarte Guevara, William J., 1979- (författare)
  • Averting HIV and AIDS epidemic in Nicaragua : Studies of prevalence, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior
  • 2012
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The overall aim of this thesis was to obtain an understanding of the dynamics of the HIV epidemic by estimating prevalence and exploring the relationship between HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and HIV status in Nicaragua. Structured questionnaires were administered to adults from a health and demographic surveillance system in León, Nicaragua (Papers I–III). In-depth interviews and a survey were conducted among men who have sex with men (MSM, Paper IV). Blood sampling for HIV was carried out among 2,204 men and women (Paper I). Bivariate and multivariate analyses, including adjusted prevalence ratio (Papers I, II, IV), factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, and hierarchical regression analysis (Paper III) were performed. Thematic analysis was used with qualitative data (Paper IV).The prevalence of HIV in the general population was 0.35% (95% CI, 0.17–0.73). Those who have taken a HIV test were more likely to be females, younger, living in an urban setting, have a higher level of education, be married or cohabiting, and have no religious affiliation. HIV-related knowledge was lower among members of the general population than among MSM. Unprotected sex was reported more times with regular partners than with casual partners. Findings suggested that consistency of condom use and emotional attachment (steady relations) were inversely related. Stigma and discrimination were reported high in the general population; they appeared to be negatively associated with HIV-related knowledge, self-perception of HIV risk, HIV testing, and willingness to disclose HIV status in the event of being HIV-positive. Findings demonstrated an increasing tolerance towards same-sex attractions. MSM have a better understanding of HIV transmission than men and women of the general population. Although seven out of ten MSM and six out of ten women were concerned about becoming infected with HIV, inconsistent condom use was common.This study confirmed that Nicaragua has a low prevalence but high risk for HIV infection and transmission. Results underscore that social, behavioral, and cultural factors contribute to retard progress in achieving the Millennium Development Goals on reducing gender inequality and combating HIV/AIDS. Addressing these challenges depends not only on successful behavior change interventions, but requires a culturally gender-appropriate strategy.
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16.
  • Nilsson, Manuela, 1961- (författare)
  • Grassroots Reconciliation Stories from Post-Conflict Nicaragua
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Social Alternatives. - Australia : University of the Sunshine Coast. - 0155-0306. ; 29:1, s. 49-54
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • How do actors formerly involved in violent conflict reconcile, particularly in the absence of a government-led top down effort? This article analyzing grassroots reconciliation efforts during the fifteen years following the civil war of the 1980s in Nicaragua. As a result of extensive rounds of interviews with actors and opinion leaders from both sides as well as members of the international community in volved in the peace building process, the study concludes that today, after two decades of peace, many Nicaraguans have advanced from negative coexistence to full reconciliation. Faced with the absence of effective ‘trickle down’ policies on the elite level to help this process along, Nicaraguans have found their own ways of reconciliation. Examples for both, the successes as well as the failures to reach reconciliation, are presented.
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17.
  • Espinoza, F., et al. (författare)
  • Shifts of rotavirus G and P types in Nicaragua - 2001-2003
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0891-3668 .- 1532-0987. ; 25:11, s. 1078-1080
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present study reports the diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in León, Nicaragua during three years. There was a shift of G and P genotypes with increment of one specific genotype during the second most important peak of diarrhea occurring in the beginning of every year. © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
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18.
  • Schmeer, Kammi K., et al. (författare)
  • Maternal resources and household food security : evidence from Nicaragua
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 18:16, s. 2915-2924
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: Women (especially mothers) are theorized as critical to reducing household food insecurity through their work and caregiver roles. The present study tests these assumptions, assessing how maternal economic and social resources are associated with food insecurity in households with young children. Design: Data from a population-based sample of households was collected in Leon, Nicaragua (n 443). Data include a newly validated measure of household food insecurity (ELCSA), maternal resource measures, and household economic status and demographics. Regression analysis tests the statistical associations (P<0.05) of maternal resources with household, adult-specific and child-specific food insecurity. Setting: Municipality of Leon, Nicaragua. Subjects: Households with children aged 3-11 years in rural and urban Leon. Results: Only 25 % of households with young children were food secure, with 50 % mildly food insecure and 25 % moderately/severely food insecure. When mothers contributed substantially to household income, the odds of moderate/severe household food insecurity were 34 % lower than when their spouse/partner was the main provider. The odds of food insecurity were 60 % lower when mothers managed household money, 48 % lower when mothers had a secondary (v. primary) education, 65 % higher among single mothers and 16 % lower with each indicator of social support. Results were similar for adult-and child-specific food insecurity. Conclusions: This research provides new evidence that maternal economic and social resources are important for reducing household food insecurity and adult- and child-specific food insecurity. Women's social status, social support and access to economic resources need to be enhanced as a part of policies aimed to reduce food insecurity in high-poverty settings.
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19.
  • Alm, Erika, 1975, et al. (författare)
  • Parenting the nation : state violence and reproduction in Nicaragua and Sweden
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Struggles for reproductive justice in the era of anti-genderism and religious fundamentalism. - London : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783031312595 - 9783031312625 - 9783031312601 ; , s. 213-240
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Reproduction is a core question for the state, a site of struggle between the reproduction of the nation and the reproduction of liveable lives, especially for those citizens whose rights are rarely recognized in the first place. What role does the exceptionalisation of reproductive rights play in the reproduction of the nation-state? Nicaragua and Sweden are countries where debates about reproductive justice highlight tensions in the projection of a state that cares for its citizens. Nicaragua, the second-poorest country in the Western hemisphere with one of the most repressive and punitive legislations on abortion in the world. Sweden with its reputation as a pioneering nation in matters of gender equality and reproductive justice. This chapter draws on a particular formulation of the centrality of the state in theories and practices of reproductive justice: the notion of the state as a parent with a particular responsibility to protect and foster, but also discipline and subjugate, its citizens. Political leaders, Fathers and Mothers of the Nation, form the discourse within which the state regulates its imagined children’s, the citizens, reproductive rights. As such the governance of reproduction is a vital aspect of the political fantasy about the nation-state and its futuriority.
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20.
  • Ziaei, Shirin (författare)
  • Women’s status and child nutrition : Findings from community studies in Bangladesh and Nicaragua
  • 2016
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The importance of women’s status for child nutrition has recently been recognized. However, pathways through which women’s status can affect their caretaking practices and child nutrition have not been fully determined. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate associations between aspects of women’s status – including exposure to domestic violence and level of autonomy and social support – with their level of stress, feeding practices and child nutritional status in two different cultural settings: Bangladesh and Nicaragua.Data were acquired from population-based studies. For Study I we used data from the Bangladesh 2007 Demographic and Health Survey, and Study II was embedded in the 2009 Health and Demographic Surveillance System conducted in Los Cuatro Santos, rural Nicaragua. Studies III and IV were part of the MINIMat study, conducted in rural Bangladesh. In-person interviews were conducted and validated questionnaires were used in each of the studies. Anthropometric characteristics of the children were recorded based on standardized World Health Organization techniques.In Bangladesh, we found women with lifetime experience of domestic violence to be more likely to report emotional distress during pregnancy, cease exclusive breastfeeding before 6 months and have a stunted child. Further, we found a negative association between experience of domestic violence and duration of excusive breastfeeding to be mitigated with breastfeeding counseling. In Nicaragua, a lower level of maternal autonomy was associated with more appropriate breastfeeding practices such as higher odds of exclusive breastfeeding and longer continuation of breastfeeding. Further, a maternal lower level of social support was associated with better child nutritional status.In conclusion, this investigation showed that different dimensions of women’s status were associated with their feeding practices and child nutritional status and also revealed that the strength and direction of these associations may vary by the child’s age, setting and other contextual factors. These findings suggest that women’s status might have an important public health impact on child health and its role should be considered in programs and policies aiming to improve child health and nutrition.
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