| 261. |
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| 262. |
- Leckner, Bo G, 1936, et al.
(författare)
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Pressure fluctuations in gas fluidised beds
- 2001
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Ingår i: 3rd Symp of South-East European Countries on Fluidized Bed i Energy Production, Chemical and Process Engineering and Ecology Sinaia, Romania, September 25-29, 2001 / Dragos, L., Inescu, G., Flueraru, C.. ; 125, s. 3-8
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 263. |
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| 264. |
- Lehtveer, Mariliis, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Actuating the European Energy System Transition: Indicators for Translating Energy Systems Modelling Results into Policy-Making
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Energy Research. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-598X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we define indicators, with a focus on the electricity sector, that translate the results of energy systems modelling to quantitative entities that can facilitate assessments of the transitions required to meet stringent climate targets. Such indicators, which are often overlooked in model scenario presentations, can be applied to make the modelling results more accessible and are useful for managing the transition on the policy level, as well as for internal evaluations of modelling results. We propose a set of 13 indicators related to: 1) the resource and material usages in modelled energy system designs; 2) the rates of transition from current to future energy systems; and 3) the energy security in energy system modelling results. To illustrate its value, the proposed set of indicators is applied to energy system scenarios derived from an electricity system investment model for Northern Europe. We show that the proposed indicators are useful for facilitating discussions, raising new questions, and relating the modelling results to Sustainable Development Goals and thus facilitate better policy processes. The indicators presented here should not be seen as a complete set, but rather as examples. Therefore, this paper represents a starting point and a call to other modellers to expand and refine the list of indicators.
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| 265. |
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| 266. |
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| 267. |
- Lind, Fredrik, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Selective oxidation processes for ultra-efficient fuel and waste conversion, materials recycling, gas synthesis and processing.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clearwater clean energy conference 2017, Florida.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents and discusses a concept of a two-step selective oxidation technology. A new concept that provides for efficient conversion of fuels, wastes and chemicals combined with recycling of materials with the potential to enable negative emissions of carbon dioxide and zero emissions of other pollutants. The aim of the concept is to turn - what is today considered as waste or side streams - into useful products. The proposed process enable controlled oxidation atmospheres, while avoiding dilution of ambient nitrogen. The first step is based on oxidation of organic material by means of metal-based particles (oxygen carriers, OC), which transfer oxygen and catalytic surfaces in between three reactors; this part of the process will be referred to as oxygen looping (OXL). Most of the previous experience on this OC technology stems from lab-scale research and so called Chemical-Looping systems and the reactor system is based on fluidized beds (FB). These experiences indicate two promising features of the OXL process; the possibility to reach complete conversion under near stoichiometric air to fuel conditions and that the content of the outlet stream from the process, in addition to water and oxides of other pollutants, mainly NOx and SOx, consists of concentrated carbon dioxide. Recent findings from experiments with OC as bed material in industrially relevant conditions (75 MWth) indicate promising features for scale-up of OC techniques and that common FB combustion issues can be abated by the use of OC as bed material. The second oxidation step concerns gas cleaning which uses pressure as a driving force for selective oxidation (referred to as PGC, Pressurized Gas Cleaning). When the flue gas is cleaned at elevated pressure, the oxidation of NO to NO2 is strongly enhanced. NO2 is dissolved into the water which promotes fast absorption of SO2 via H2SO3 into the condensate. According to recent theoretic findings, the final result is complete conversion of NOx and SOx into pure acids. Combined, these two oxidation processes (OXL-PGC) could therefore potentially enable conversion of fuels with complete separation of all major gas components at a minimum cost. These gases may be turned into new products and the CO2 may also be captured and stored (CCS).
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| 268. |
- Lind, Fredrik, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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What is the efficiency of a biorefinery?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Systems Perspectives on Biorefineries 2012. - 9789198030013 ; , s. 59-71
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 269. |
- Linderholm, Carl Johan, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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1st International Conference on Negative CO2 Emissions - Summary and Highlights
- 2018
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Ingår i: GHGT 2018 - 14th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies. - : International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas, IEAGHG.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Negative CO2 emissions technologies include a number of technologies and biospheric storage options, the objective of which is the removal of atmospheric CO2 and thus the limitation of future global warming. An international conference on negative emissions technologies was conceived to meet the need for a broader understanding of the possibilities and challenges facing these technologies. The International Conference on Negative CO2 Emissions was held in May 22-24, 2018, at Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. The conference was organized by Chalmers with support from the Global Carbon Project, the City of Gothenburg, Nordic Energy Research, ECOERA, the Center for Carbon Removal, Göteborg Energi, Stockholm Exergi, and the International Energy Agency, i.e. IEAGHG, IEAIETS and IEA Bioenergy. The purpose of the conference was to bring together a wide range of scientific and technological disciplines and stakeholders, in order to engage in various aspects of research relating to negative CO2 emissions. This included various negative emission technologies, socio-economic and climate modelling, and climate policies and incentives. The conference was a major scientific event and the first in a conference series. The next conference will be held in the spring of 2020. This paper reports highlights and important messages from the conference.
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| 270. |
- Liu, Qiyu, 1996, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a machine learning model to improve estimates of material stock and embodied emissions of roads
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cleaner Environmental Systems. - 2666-7894. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Material flow analysis is an important tool for estimating material flows and embedded emissions of transport infrastructure. Missing attributes tend to be a major barrier to accurate estimates. In this study a machine learning model is developed to estimate the missing data in a statistics dataset of roads, to enable a bottom-up material stock and flow analysis. The proposed approach was applied to the Swedish road network to predict missing data for road width in the statistical dataset. The predicted hybrid dataset was then used to estimate material stocks, flows, and embodied emissions from Year 2020 to Year 2045 using decarbonization scenarios with a supply chain perspective. The study demonstrates that machine learning models can be used to enable national-level material stock and flow analyses of roads. Multiple machine learning algorithms were tested, and the best performing model achieved an R2 value of 0.784. In the scenario-based analysis, the embodied emissions of Swedish roads could be reduced by up to 51% using available materials.
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