| 30661. |
- Magalhaes Teixeira, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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The environment of lasting peace: natural resources and climate change in peace negotiations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Handbook of Security and the Environment. - 978 1 78990 065 1 ; , s. 273-289
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Can natural resources and climate change positively affect peace? This chapter explores the relationship between natural resources and climate change and the onset of conflict, and flips the coin to understand how they can positively affect peace instead. Borrowing from fresh water cooperation theory and environmental peacemaking, this chapter proposes a similar approach to natural resources and climate change’s possible effect to peace in internal armed conflicts, turning them from conflict drivers to catalysts of negotiations. I argue for a phase-based approach to analyzing how natural resources and climate change can affect peace before, during, and after negotiations, with the intent of improving the discussion on the role of natural resources and climate change in peace and sustainable development.
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| 30662. |
- Magalhaes Teixeira, Barbara
(författare)
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The Nature of Peace and the Continuum of Violence in Environmental Conflicts
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this dissertation, I aim to explore the links between nature, conflict, and peace building on literature from peace and conflict studies and environmental peacebuilding. I argue that environmental issues, especially related to the distribution of natural resources, are central to understanding structural conditions allowing for both conflict and peace. In order to answer the research question, I explore how nature is understood, valued, and exploited and how this contributes to the creation of unjust structures that promote conflict and violence. I center resource inequality at the root of environmental conflicts, thus providing a structural account of how they affect violence through the idea of the continuum of peace-violence. Ultimately, I show that building sustainable peace requires reshaping structures of distribution of both resources and power to promote not only negative peace but also create the conditions for positive peace. This dissertation engages both quantitative and qualitative methods embedded into feminist and decolonial methodologies. By integrating these methods, the thesis provides a more holistic view that bridges macro-level patterns with micro-level intricacies, thereby advancing the field of environmental peacebuilding through a more systematic and comprehensive methodological framework. It also addresses recent calls in the field for a more methodologically plural approach to environmental peacebuilding by employing feminist and decolonial methodologies with attention to power dynamics with the aim of negating simplistic narratives. The papers in this thesis provide not only empirical evidence to substantiate and challenge environmental peacebuilding’s pathways and mechanisms but also help further develop the framework for a more comprehensive and transformational approach to building peace in times of environmental breakdown and climate change. The results of this dissertation highlight the need for a more comprehensive and integrated understanding of peacebuilding that considers the complex interplay between environmental, economic, and social factors. The findings underscore the importance of addressing the underlying structural issues that perpetuate conflict and hinder sustainable peace. By challenging the existing paradigms and proposing alternative frameworks, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on effectively fostering sustainable peace in post-conflict countries.
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| 30663. |
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| 30664. |
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| 30665. |
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| 30666. |
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| 30667. |
- Magesacher, Thomas
(författare)
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Common-Mode Aided Wireline Communications
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wireline communication is the Internet access technology with the largest number of subscribers worldwide. On physical-layer level, the traditional way to transmit signals at one end of a wire pair and to extract receive signals at the other end is to apply differential-mode signalling: transmit and receive signals correspond to voltage differences between the two wires. Differential-mode signalling over twisted-wire pairs, proposed and patented more than hundred years ago, yields a communication channel with good and stable transmission characteristics and high immunity to noise and interference. The differential mode is the only propagation mode in a two-conductor system. Taking into account earth as a third conductor yields a second independent mode, the so-called common mode, which can be used for communication. This thesis deals with information processing methods to exploit both modes jointly in order to improve transmission. The material can be divided into three parts. The first part investigates basic characteristics of the common mode and the resulting channel when taking into account the common-mode signal at the receiver. Measurements of common-mode signals and common-mode cable properties are presented and analysed. The design of receivers that use the common-mode signal for mitigation of both narrowband disturbers and broadband interference is addressed. The second part focuses on the potential gain in throughput that can be achieved with common-mode aided transmission techniques. The Shannon capacity of the common-mode aided wireline channel is derived and evaluated, and the performance under specific constraints of existing digital subscriber line techniques is addressed. A rough prospect of the Swedish copper access network used with common-mode aided methods and other advanced techniques is presented. The third part of the thesis deals with techniques to reduce unwanted spectral egress, which is a prerequisite for employing the common mode as active mode for transmission. The investigations focus on discrete Fourier-transform based multicarrier systems with a Gaussian channel known to transmitter and receiver. Information processing techniques that maximise the throughput under arbitrary power spectral density constraints are devised. In particular, transmit-windowing techniques and the so-called spectral-compensation method are investigated.
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| 30668. |
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| 30669. |
- Maggian, Valeria, et al.
(författare)
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Backscratching in Hierarchical Organizations
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the role of reciprocity in sustaining the emergence of implicit collusive agreements in hierarchical organizations. We conduct a laboratory experiment in which an agent hires, on behalf of the principal, one worker out of two candidates. The two candidates differ in their ability and, once employed, the worker chooses a level of non-contractible effort to exert in two tasks: one benefits the organization (that is both the principal and the agent) while the other one is less profitable, only benefits the agent and provides him with higher earnings. We provide evidence that: i) low ability workers are more likely to exert effort in the task that is exclusively beneficial to the agent; ii) as a consequence, agents distort the hiring process in favor of the low ability workers and iii) sharing a small part of the organization’s profits with the workers alleviates their effort distortion.
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| 30670. |
- Maghdid, Dara, et al.
(författare)
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A Study on Variation Technique in Courses on Scientific Computing
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The background of this study is a project aiming at assessing the quality of teaching and learning in scientific computing in different cultural settings. This, we hope will lead us to constructing standards, which can provide outcomes of comparable quality in scientific computing in different countries and societies. Specifically we want to gain insight which quality benchmarks are suitable for the project. The tool we use in teaching is a set of variation techniques. The presented pilot study aims at the examination of the role variation theory for the quality of elementary courses in scientific computing. Earlier studies by others confirmed that variation theory offers a comprehensive set of variables characterizing teaching, well described and easy to follow and measure and which can result in improving teaching. The main data for this investigation was collected via interviewing students.
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