| 1. |
- Antonson, Hans, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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Road Salt Damage to Historical Milestones Indicates Adaptation of Winter Roads to Future Climate Change May Damage Arctic Cultural Heritage
- 2021
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In: Climate. - Basel : MDPI. - 2225-1154. ; 9:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is no doubt that anthropogenic global warming is accelerating damage to cultural heritage. Adaptation measures are required to reduce the loss of sites, monuments and remains. However, little research has been directed towards understanding potential impacts of climate adaptation measures in other governmental sectors on cultural heritage. We provide a case study demonstrating that winter road salt, used to reduce ice related accidents, damages historical iron milestones. As the climate warms, road salt use will move north into areas where sites have been protected by contiguous winter snow cover. This will expose Artic/sub-Arctic cultural heritage, including Viking graves and Sami sites, to a new anthropogenic source of damage. Research and planning should therefore include the evaluation of secondary impacts when choosing climate adaptation strategies.
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| 2. |
- Asplund, Disa, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Modellering av slingor inom sjötransporter
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Den svenska nationella godstransportmodellen Samgods simulerar logistikbeslut på en disaggregerad företagsnivå. En för sjöfarten viktig modellbegränsning är att all linjetrafik modelleras med endast två noder, det vill säga varje fartyg antas enbart köra fram och tillbaka mellan en start- och en målpunkt. I verkligheten kör ofta godsfartyg i slingor mellan olika hamnar för att på ett bättre sätt utnyttja sjöfartens skalfördelar. Syftet med denna rapport är att analysera effekten av att i en transportmodell av Samgodstyp tillåta fartygsoperatörer att utöver direkta rutter mellan två hamnar, även utnyttja mer komplexa transportslingor till sjöss och genom detta samlasta varor mellan flera olika hamnar på samma fartyg. Detta görs genom att utveckla en ny (fristående) modell för godstransporter med linjefartyg, kallad LIFREM (Loops Including FREight Model). Denna modell kalibreras för en fallstudie som utgår ifrån export av vissa skogsprodukter från Norrland via Östersjön och Nordsjön. Resultaten visar att då vi inför fördefinierade slingor så minskar totala logistikkostnader med ca 10 % och då vi tillåter fartygsoperatören att fritt välja slingor så minskar de med hela 21 %, och då har vi inte inkluderat möjliga vinster av att utnyttja kapaciteten på tillbakaresan för returtransporter (som i verkligheten är betydande). Detta visar att modellering av slingor är betydelsefullt för att kunna spegla sjöfartens konkurrenskraft gentemot de andra trafikslagen på ett verklighetstroget vis. Detta bekräftas också av det faktum att andelen sjöfart går upp med 2–4 % i LIFREM då slingor tillåts.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Performance and presence with head-movement produced motion parallax in simulated driving
- 2015
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In: Transportation Research Part F. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 34, s. 54-64
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Driving simulator studies can reveal relevant and valid aspects of driving behavior, but underestimation of distance and speed can negatively affect the driver's performance, such as in performance of overtaking. One possible explanation for the underestimation of distance and speed is that two-dimensional projection of the visual scene disrupts the monocular-based illusory depth because of conflicting binocular and monocular information of depth. A possible solution might involve the strengthening of the monocular information so that the binocular information becomes less potent.In the present study, we used an advanced high-fidelity driving simulator to investigate whether adding the visual depth information of motion parallax from head movement affects sense of presence, judgment of distance and speed, and performance measures coupled with overtaking. The simulations included two types of driving scenario in which one was urban and the other was rural. The main results show no effect of this head-movement produced motion parallax on sense of presence, head movement, time to collision, distance judgment, or speed judgment.However, the results show an effect on lateral positioning. When initiating the overtaking maneuver there is a lateral positioning farther away from the road center as effect of the motion parallax in both types of scenario, which can be interpreted as indicating use of naturally occurring information that change behavior at overtaking. Nevertheless, only showing tendencies of effects, absent is any clear additional impact of this motion parallax in the simulated driving.
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| 5. |
- Flötteröd, Gunnar, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Intensity and severity of ship conflicts : an AIS based approach
- 2023
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There is a lack of standardized methods for socio-economic evaluations within the maritime transport sector. This paper presents a model for analysing and quantifying the intensity and severity of ship conflicts using AIS (Automatic Identification System) data and expert assessments. Also, a case study applying the proposed method to the Southern Gothenburg Archipelago is carried out. The goal is to contribute to cost-benefit analyses within the maritime transport sector by a better understanding of how different actions, such as the widening of fairways or new regulation, impact maritime safety. The importance of validating the model by comparing its results with independent sources of reported maritime accidents is emphasized, and the challenges of using existing accident statistics for this purpose is discussed. The basic model described in the paper can be built upon by differentiating parameters by region and vessel type, account for seasonality etc. Furthermore, a downstream consequence analysis model is needed to enable a monetary valuation of (the consequences of) identified conflicts. Finally, the same principles as laid out here for conflict analysis can also be adopted to the identification of groundings.
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| 6. |
- Forsblad, Mattias, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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How Children with Mild Intellectual Disability Experience Self-driving Buses : In Support of Agency
- 2023
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In: Transaction on Transport Sciences. - : Palacky University Olomouc. - 1802-971X .- 1802-9876. ; 14:2, s. 21-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many people with intellectual disability experience their needs and desires not being fully considered. Responding to this problem, the purpose of this study is to investigate how children with mild intellectual disability experience self-driving buses. On each bus, a person called "safety driver" monitors the ride and takes control if a problematic situation arises. The purpose is also to investigate what roles support persons and safety drivers play. In addition, the research aims to propose improvements in how the design of these self-driving buses can better motivate children with intellectual disability to use them in support of their agency. To address this, we arranged and studied seven rides on self-driving buses, for 16 children diagnosed to have mild intellectual disability, and their support persons. Interviews with the children were held after the rides, and both the rides and interviews were video recorded.The analysis was in part inductive but also employed a theory based on motivation: self-determination theory. For several children, the bus worked as a vehicle for a social sightseeing tour of the local environment, and the current design did not hinder such an experience. Overall, many of the children had a positive experience, but there is room for improvement regarding the design of the buses. Some children expressed curiosity and a few frustrations with how the bus behaved in traffic. For instance, it was difficult for the children to understand why the bus braked for things that were hard for them to perceive. From observation, it appears that the accompanying support person and safety driver played an important role in making children safe and shaping the social environment on the bus. The support persons were also essential for some children to ride the bus at all. The safety driver provided the children with information about how the bus worked. Both the safety driver and the support person had a positive impact on the children's experience.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Jonsson, Bertil, et al.
(author)
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BioRID II manikin and human seating position in relation to car head restraint
- 2008
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In: International Journal of Crashworthiness. - Abingdon : Informa UK Limited. - 1358-8265 .- 1754-2111. ; 13:5, s. 479-485
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of the study was to compare stature, weight and backset (the horizontal distance (x) between the back of the occupant’s head and the front of the seam on top of the head restraint) of the Biofidelic Rear Impact Dummy (BioRID II) to the same variables on seated volunteers in a car. The following methods were used. Data were collected from 154 randomly selected Swedish individuals (78 males and 76 females). The volunteers and the BioRID II were examined in a Volvo V70 car, year model 2003, in three positions: driver (hands on steering wheel), front passenger (hands in lap) and rear passenger. The study results were as follows: the BioRID II was found to correspond approximately to a 35th-45th percentile male in stature (-2 cm), a 35th percentile male in weight (-7 kg), a 96th percentile female in stature (+11 cm) and a 69th percentile female in weight (+8 kg). The BioRID II was designed to represent a male driver. The BioRID II backset corresponded well with the average of the male drivers of its stature. Larger deviations in backset were found for other volunteer sizes and other seating positions. The average backsets were 26 mm for females and 63 mm for males in the front seat positions. The volunteers had larger backset in the driver position (60 mm) than in the front passenger position (29 mm). Smaller differences in backset were seen between the BioRID II and the volunteers in the rear passenger position. This study provides data regarding the occupant size coverage of BioRID II, and unique data regarding backset, of different occupant positions in the car; driver with hands on steering wheel, and front and rear passengers with hands in lap, for female and male in relation to the BioRID II dummy. © 2008 Taylor & Francis.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lundkvist, Erik, Fil Dr, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Relating Competitive Golfers’ Perceived Emotions and Performance
- 2021
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In: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - Thousand Oaks : Sage Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 128:4, s. 1549-1568
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study examined relationships between golfers’ self-perceived emotions (e.g., irritability, nervousness, tension), task-oriented coping, perceived control, and performance during a golf competition. We implemented a process-oriented golf analysis in which competitors rated these variables hole-by-hole in a competitive golf round. Within a two-level Bayesian multivariate autoregressive model, we showed that (a) within persons, emotions and task-oriented coping were reactions that stemmed from performance on the previous hole; and (b) between persons, player skill level predicted both better scores and the ability to limit the influence of negative affect on performance. These findings highlight the complex nature of the relationship between emotions and performance. Future studies might use a similarly ecologically valid research design to more precisely measure aspects of time and potentially moderating effects of player skill level and personality. An increased understanding of the dynamic relationship between emotions and performance can promote the development of effective psychological interventions for optimal performance outcomes.
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