| 1. |
- Abbaspour Asadollah, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of surface EMG-based recognition algorithms for decoding hand movements
- 2019
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In: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. - : Springer. - 0140-0118 .- 1741-0444. ; 58:1, s. 83-100
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Myoelectric pattern recognition (MPR) to decode limb movements is an important advancement regarding the control of powered prostheses. However, this technology is not yet in wide clinical use. Improvements in MPR could potentially increase the functionality of powered prostheses. To this purpose, offline accuracy and processing time were measured over 44 features using six classifiers with the aim of determining new configurations of features and classifiers to improve the accuracy and response time of prosthetics control. An efficient feature set (FS: waveform length, correlation coefficient, Hjorth Parameters) was found to improve the motion recognition accuracy. Using the proposed FS significantly increased the performance of linear discriminant analysis, K-nearest neighbor, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), and support vector machine by 5.5%, 5.7%, 6.3%, and 6.2%, respectively, when compared with the Hudgins’ set. Using the FS with MLE provided the largest improvement in offline accuracy over the Hudgins feature set, with minimal effect on the processing time. Among the 44 features tested, logarithmic root mean square and normalized logarithmic energy yielded the highest recognition rates (above 95%). We anticipate that this work will contribute to the development of more accurate surface EMG-based motor decoding systems for the control prosthetic hands. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
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| 2. |
- Abbaspour, S., et al.
(author)
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Real-Time and Offline Evaluation of Myoelectric Pattern Recognition for the Decoding of Hand Movements
- 2021
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In: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 21:16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pattern recognition algorithms have been widely used to map surface electromyographic signals to target movements as a source for prosthetic control. However, most investigations have been conducted offline by performing the analysis on pre-recorded datasets. While real-time data analysis (i.e., classification when new data becomes available, with limits on latency under 200-300 milliseconds) plays an important role in the control of prosthetics, less knowledge has been gained with respect to real-time performance. Recent literature has underscored the differences between offline classification accuracy, the most common performance metric, and the usability of upper limb prostheses. Therefore, a comparative offline and real-time performance analysis between common algorithms had yet to be performed. In this study, we investigated the offline and real-time performance of nine different classification algorithms, decoding ten individual hand and wrist movements. Surface myoelectric signals were recorded from fifteen able-bodied subjects while performing the ten movements. The offline decoding demonstrated that linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) significantly (p < 0.05) outperformed other classifiers, with an average classification accuracy of above 97%. On the other hand, the real-time investigation revealed that, in addition to the LDA and MLE, multilayer perceptron also outperformed the other algorithms and achieved a classification accuracy and completion rate of above 68% and 69%, respectively.
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| 3. |
- Afzal, Wasif, et al.
(author)
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Software Test Process Improvement Approaches: A Systematic Literature Review and an Industrial Case Study
- 2016
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In: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212. ; 111, s. 1-33
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Software Test Process Improvement (STPI) approaches are frameworks that guide software development organizations to improve their software testing process. We have identified existing STPI approaches and their characteristics (such as completeness of development, availability of information and assessment instruments, and domain limitations of the approaches) using a systematic literature review (SLR). Furthermore, two selected approaches (TPI Next and TMMi) are evaluated with respect to their content and assessment results in industry. As a result of this study, we have identified 18 STPI approaches and their characteristics. A detailed comparison of the content of TPI Next and TMMi is done. We found that many of the STPI approaches do not provide sufficient information or the approaches do not include assessment instruments. This makes it difficult to apply many approaches in industry. Greater similarities were found between TPI Next and TMMi and fewer differences. We conclude that numerous STPI approaches are available but not all are generally applicable for industry. One major difference between available approaches is their model representation. Even though the applied approaches generally show strong similarities, differences in the assessment results arise due to their different model representations.
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| 4. |
- Ahmadpanah, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi, 1996, et al.
(author)
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LazyTAP : On-Demand Data Minimization for Trigger-Action Applications
- 2023
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In: Proceedings - IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, vol. 2023. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 1081-6011. - 9781665493369 ; , s. 3079-3097
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Trigger-Action Platforms (TAPs) empower applications (apps) for connecting otherwise unconnected devices and services. The current TAPs like IFTTT require trigger services to push excessive amounts of sensitive data to the TAP regardless of whether the data will be used in the app, at odds with the principle of data minimization. Furthermore, the rich features of modern TAPs, including IFTTT queries to support multiple trigger services and nondeterminism of apps, have been out of the reach of previous data minimization approaches like minTAP. This paper proposes LazyTAP, a new paradigm for fine-grained on-demand data minimization. LazyTAP breaks away from the traditional push-all approach of coarse-grained data over-approximation. Instead, LazyTAP pulls input data on-demand, once it is accessed by the app execution. Thanks to the fine granularity, LazyTAP enables tight minimization that naturally generalizes to support multiple trigger services via queries and is robust with respect to nondeterministic behavior of the apps. We achieve seamlessness for third-party app developers by leveraging laziness to defer computation and proxy objects to load necessary remote data behind the scenes as it becomes needed. We formally establish the correctness of LazyTAP and its minimization properties with respect to both IFTTT and minTAP. We implement and evaluate LazyTAP on app benchmarks showing that on average LazyTAP improves minimization by 95% over IFTTT and by 38% over minTAP, while incurring a tolerable performance overhead.
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| 5. |
- Ahmadpanah, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi, 1996, et al.
(author)
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SandTrap : Securing javascript-driven trigger-action platforms
- 2021
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In: Proceedings of the 30th USENIX Security Symposium. - : USENIX Association. - 9781939133243 ; , s. 2899-2916
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Trigger-Action Platforms (TAPs) seamlessly connect a wide variety of otherwise unconnected devices and services, ranging from IoT devices to cloud services and social networks. TAPs raise critical security and privacy concerns because a TAP is effectively a “person-in-the-middle” between trigger and action services. Third-party code, routinely deployed as “apps” on TAPs, further exacerbates these concerns. This paper focuses on JavaScript-driven TAPs. We show that the popular IFTTT and Zapier platforms and an open-source alternative Node-RED are susceptible to attacks ranging from exfiltrating data from unsuspecting users to taking over the entire platform. We report on the changes by the platforms in response to our findings and present an empirical study to assess the implications for Node-RED. Motivated by the need for a secure yet flexible way to integrate third-party JavaScript apps, we propose SandTrap, a novel JavaScript monitor that securely combines the Node.js vm module with fully structural proxy-based two-sided membranes to enforce fine-grained access control policies. To aid developers, SandTrap includes a policy generation mechanism. We instantiate SandTrap to IFTTT, Zapier, and Node-RED and illustrate on a set of benchmarks how SandTrap enforces a variety of policies while incurring a tolerable runtime overhead.
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| 6. |
- Ahmadpanah, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi, 1996, et al.
(author)
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Securing Node-RED Applications
- 2021
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In: Protocols, Strands, and LogicEssays Dedicated to Joshua Guttman on the Occasion of his 66.66th Birthday. - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. ; , s. 1-21, s. 1-21, s. 1-21
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Trigger-Action Platforms (TAPs) play a vital role in fulfilling the promise of the Internet of Things (IoT) by seamlessly connecting otherwise unconnected devices and services. While enabling novel and exciting applications across a variety of services, security and privacy issues must be taken into consideration because TAPs essentially act as persons-in-the-middle between trigger and action services. The issue is further aggravated since the triggers and actions on TAPs are mostly provided by third parties extending the trust beyond the platform providers. Node-RED, an open-source JavaScript-driven TAP, provides the opportunity for users to effortlessly employ and link nodes via a graphical user interface. Being built upon Node.js, third-party developers can extend the platform’s functionality through publishing nodes and their wirings, known as flows. This paper proposes an essential model for Node-RED, suitable to reason about nodes and flows, be they benign, vulnerable, or malicious. We expand on attacks discovered in recent work, ranging from exfiltrating data from unsuspecting users to taking over the entire platform by misusing sensitive APIs within nodes. We present a formalization of a runtime monitoring framework for a core language that soundly and transparently enforces fine-grained allowlist policies at module-, API-, value-, and context-level. We introduce the monitoring framework for Node-RED that isolates nodes while permitting them to communicate via well-defined API calls complying with the policy specified for each node.
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| 7. |
- Almquist, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Order-preserving interpolation for summation-by-parts operators at nonconforming grid interfaces
- 2019
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In: SIAM Journal of Scientific Computing. - : Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Publications. - 1064-8275 .- 1095-7197. ; 41:2, s. A1201-A1227
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study nonconforming grid interfaces for summation-by-parts finite difference methods applied to partial differential equations with second derivatives in space. To maintain energy stability, previous efforts have been forced to accept a reduction of the global convergence rate by one order, due to large truncation errors at the nonconforming interface. We avoid the order reduction by generalizing the interface treatment and introducing order-preserving interpolation operators. We prove that, given two diagonal-norm summation-by-parts schemes, order-preserving interpolation operators with the necessary properties are guaranteed to exist, regardless of the grid-point distributions along the interface. The new methods retain the stability and global accuracy properties of the underlying schemes for conforming interfaces.
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| 8. |
- Appelo, D., et al.
(author)
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An energy-based discontinuous Galerkin method for coupled elasto-acoustic wave equations in second-order form
- 2019
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In: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. - : Wiley. - 0029-5981 .- 1097-0207. ; 119:7, s. 618-638
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We consider wave propagation in a coupled fluid-solid region separated by a static but possibly curved interface. The wave propagation is modeled by the acoustic wave equation in terms of a velocity potential in the fluid, and the elastic wave equation for the displacement in the solid. At the fluid solid interface, we impose suitable interface conditions to couple the two equations. We use a recently developed energy-based discontinuous Galerkin method to discretize the governing equations in space. Both energy conserving and upwind numerical fluxes are derived to impose the interface conditions. The highlights of the developed scheme include provable energy stability and high order accuracy. We present numerical experiments to illustrate the accuracy property and robustness of the developed scheme.
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| 9. |
- Backhaus, Patrick, et al.
(author)
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Wikileaks and Ethics of Whistle Blowing
- 2011
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In: Proceedings IACAP 2011. The computational Turn: Past, Presents, Futures?, p 332, Mv-Wissenschaft, Münster, Århus University, Danmark, Editor(s):Charles Ess and Ruth Hagengruber, 2-4 July 2011. - Arhus University, Danmark.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 10. |
- Bartusch, Cajsa, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Climate-smart information design: Visualizing residential electricity use over the Internet
- 2011
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In: Information Design Journal. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 0142-5471 .- 1569-979X. ; 19:1, s. 3-17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In light of global warming, energy conservation is indispensable. Residential electricity use nevertheless escapes consumers’ notice. Thus feedback is essential, yet households’ access to information is extremely limited. Smart metering makes continuous feedback over the Internet possible, but users perceive existing web tools to be inaccessible and incomprehensible. Hence the aim has been to design a user interface to increase awareness and energy efficiency in households. Ease of access and straightforwardness has been established as key factors and conventional bar charts in combination with colour coding have proved useful in this respect.
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