| 1221. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of F0 range in spontaneous speech in Kammu tonal and non-tonal dialects
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ICPhS XVII. - Hong Kong. ; , s. 1026-1029
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate whether the occurrence of lexical tones in a language imposes restrictions on its pitch range. Kammu, a Mon-Khmer language spoken in Northern Laos com-prises dialects with and without lexical tones and with no other major phonological differences. We use Kammu spontaneous speech to investigate differences in pitch range in the two dialects. The main finding is that tonal speakers exhibit a narrower pitch range. Thus, even at a high degree of engagement found in spontaneous speech, lexical tones impose restrictions on speakers’ pitch variation.
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| 1222. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of lexical tones on intonation in Kammu
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Interspeech 2010. - Makuhari, Japan. ; , s. 1740-1743, s. 1740-1743
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate how the presence of lexical tones influences the realization of focal accent and sentence intonation. The language studied is Kammu, a language particularly well suited for the study as it has both tonal and non-tonal dialects. The main finding is that lexical tone exerts an influence on both sentence and focal accent in the tonal dialect to such a strong degree that we can postulate a hierarchy where lexical tone is strongest followed by sentence accent, with focal accent exerting the weakest influence on the F0 contour.
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| 1223. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(författare)
-
Intonation Adapts to Lexical Tone: The Case of Kammu
- 2012
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Ingår i: Phonetica. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1423-0321 .- 0031-8388. ; 69:1-2, s. 28-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate how lexical tones interact with intonation, using data from the Austroasiatic language Kammu, one of few languages with two dialects whose only major phonological difference is the presence or absence of lexical tones. Northern (and Western) Kammu have developed tones in connection with the merger of voiceless and voiced initial consonants, while the non-tonal Eastern dialect kept the segmental opposition with no tones. We found the following prosodic hierarchy: (1) lexical tones, (2) phrase-final boundary tone, (3) focus marking. The results strongly suggest that the intonational systems of the two Kammu dialects are basically identical, and that the main differences between the dialects are adaptations of intonation patterns to the lexical tones when the identities of the tones are jeopardized.
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| 1224. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(författare)
-
Prosodic signaling of information and discourse structure from a typological perspective
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences.. - Glasgow, UK : ICPHS. - 9780852619414 - 9780852619421
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the relationship between prosody and information/discourse structure in spontaneous spoken folk tales in the tonal Mon-Khmer language Northern Kammu, a language that behaves as a typical phrase language where available boundary tones are enhanced to mark information structuring. Topic is always placed before Comment by syntactic movement if necessary. There is a prosodic signaling of the boundary between Topic and Comment. Discourse structure is reflected in prosody, and we find higher boundary tones near the boundaries between Discourse Units. The results are dicussed in terms of a typology of spoken discourse.
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| 1225. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(författare)
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Recognizing phrase and utterance as prosodic units in non-tonal dialects of Kammu
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Fonetik 2008. - Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenburg. ; , s. 89-92
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a study of prosodic phras-ing in a non-tonal dialect of Kammu, a Mon-Khmer language spoken in Northern Laos. Prosodic phrasing is seen as correlated with syntactic and informational structures, and the description is made referring to these two lev-els. The material investigated comprises sen-tences of different lengths and syntactic struc-tures, uttered by seven male speakers. It is found that, based on prosodic cues, the distinc-tion between prosodic utterance and prosodic phrase can be made. Prosodic phrase is sig-naled by a sequence of low + high pitch while the right edge of the prosodic utterance gets low pitch. This low terminal is replaced by a high terminal in expressive speech. The study is performed using elicited speech.
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| 1226. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(författare)
-
Tone restricts F0 range and variation in Kammu
- 2011
-
Ingår i: TMH - QPSR. - Stockholm, Sweden. ; 51, s. 53-55, s. 53-55
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate whether the occurrence of lexical tones in a language imposes restrictions on its pitch range. We use data from Kammu, a Mon-Khmer language spoken in Northern Laos, which has one dialect with, and one without, lexical tones. The main finding is that speakers of the tonal dialect have a narrower pitch range, and also a smaller variation in pitch range.
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| 1227. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, et al.
(författare)
-
Innovation strategies of firms : What strategies and why?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 41:6, s. 1483-1506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes various innovation strategies of firms. Using five waves of the Community Innovation Survey in Sweden, we have traced the innovative behavior of firms over a 10-year period, i.e. between 2002 and 2012. We distinguish between sixteen innovation strategies, which compose of Schumpeterian four types of innovations (process, product, marketing, and organizational) plus various combinations of these four types. First, we find that firms are not homogenous in choosing innovation strategies, instead, they have a wide range of preferences when it comes to innovation strategy and some of the innovation strategies are "commonly" used among firms. Second, using Transition Probability Matrix, we found that firms also persist to have such a diverse innovation strategy preferences. Finally, using Multinomial Logit model, we explained the determinant of each and every innovation strategies, while we gave special attention to the commonly used innovation strategies among firms.
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| 1228. |
- Karlsson, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Enzymatic degradation of carboxymethyl cellulose hydrolyzed by the endoglucanases Cel5A, Cel7B, and Cel45A from Humicola insolens and Cel7B, Cel12A and Cel45Acore from Trichoderma reesei
- 2002
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Ingår i: Biopolymers. - : Wiley. - 0006-3525 .- 1097-0282. ; 63:1, s. 32-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enzymatic hydrolysis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been studied with purified endoglucanases Hi Cel5A (EG II), Hi Cel7B (EG I), and Hi Cel45A (EG V)from Humicola insolens, and Tr Cel7B (EG I), Tr Cel12A (EG III), and Tr Cel45Acore (EG V)from Trichoderma reesei. The CMC, with a degree of substitution (DS) of 0.7, was hydrolyzed with a single enzyme until no further hydrolysis was observed. The hydrolysates were analyzed for production of substituted and non substituted oligosaccharides with size exclusion chromatographly (SEC) and with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Production of reducing ends and of nonsubstituted oligosaccharides was determined as well. The two most effective endoglucanases for CMC hydrolysis were Hi Cel5.A and Tr Cel7B. These enzymes degraded CMC to lower molar mass fragments compared with the other endoglucanases. The products had the highest DS determined by MALDI-TOF-MS. Thus, Hi Cel5A and Tr Cel7B were less inhibited by the substituents than the other endoglucanases. The endoglucanase with clearly the lowest activity on CMC was Tr Cel45Acore. It produced less than half of the amount of reducing ends compared to Tr Cel7B; furthermore, the products had significantly lower DS. By MALDI-TOF-MS, oligosaccharide with different degree of polymerization (DP) and with different number of substituents could be separated and identified. The average oligosaccharide DS as function of DP could be measured for each enzyme after hydrolysis. The combination of techniques for analysis of product formation gave information on average length of unsubstituted blocks of CMC.
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| 1229. |
- Karnevi, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Translational study reveals a two-faced role of RBM3 in pancreatic cancer and suggests its potential value as a biomarker for improved patient stratification
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 9:5, s. 6188-6200
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Periampullary adenocarcinoma, including pancreatic cancer, is a heterogeneous group of tumors with dismal prognosis, partially due to lack of reliable targetable and predictive biomarkers. RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) has previously been shown to be an independent prognostic and predictive biomarker in several types of cancer. Herein, we examined the prognostic value of RBM3 in periampullary adenocarcinoma, as well as the effects following RBM3 suppression in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. RBM3 mRNA levels were examined in 176 pancreatic cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Immunohistochemical expression of RBM3 was analyzed in tissue microarrays with primary tumors and paired lymph node metastases from 175 consecutive patients with resected periampullary adenocarcinoma. Pancreatic cancer cells were transfected with anti-RBM3 siRNA in vitro and the influence on cell viability following chemotherapy, transwell migration and invasion was assessed. The results demonstrated that high mRNA-levels of RBM3 were significantly associated with a reduced overall survival (p = 0.026). RBM3 protein expression was significantly higher in lymph node metastases than in primary tumors (p = 0.005). High RBM3 protein expression was an independent predictive factor for the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy and an independent negative prognostic factor in untreated patients (p for interaction = 0.003). After siRNA suppression of RBM3 in vitro, pancreatic cancer cells displayed reduced migration and invasion compared to control, as well as a significantly increased resistance to chemotherapy. In conclusion, the strong indication of a positive response predictive effect of RBM3 expression in pancreatic cancer may be highly relevant in the clinical setting and merits further validation.
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| 1230. |
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