| 51. |
- Landgren, Anton J., 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of and risk factors for nephrolithiasis in patients with gout and the general population, a cohort study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6354 .- 1478-6362. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nephrolithiasis (NL) is known to be associated with gout, although there are few comparative studies on risk and risk factors for NL in gout compared to population cohorts. In this cohort study we investigated: (1) overall incidence of NL in gout (cases) and general population controls; (2) risk and risk factors (common comorbidities and medications) for first-time NL in cases and controls separately. Methods: Cases (n = 29,968) and age-matched and sex-matched controls (n = 138,678) were identified from the regional healthcare database in western Sweden (VEGA). The analyzed risk factors (comorbidities and current medication use) for first-time NL, and socioeconomic factors were retrieved from VEGA and other national Swedish registers. For cases, follow up began on 1 January 2006 or on the first diagnosis of gout if this occurred later, and for controls on their index patient's first diagnosis of gout. Follow up ended on death, emigration or 31 December 2012. Incidence rates (IR) per 1000 person-years and hazard ratios (HR) were calculated. The incidence calculations were performed for cases (regardless of prior NL) and their controls. HRs with first occurrence of NL as outcome were calculated only in those without previous NL. Results: In cases there were 678 NL events (IR: 6.16 events per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 5.70-6.64) and in controls 2125 NL events (IR 3.85 events per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 3.69-4.02), resulting in an age-sex-adjusted incidence rate ratio of 1.60 (95% CI: 1.47-1.74). Point estimates for predictive factors were similar in cases and controls, except for a significant interaction for losartan which increased the risk of NL only in controls (HR = 1.49 (95% CI: 1.03-2.14). Loop diuretics significantly decreased the risk of NL by 30-34% in both cases and controls. Further significant predictors of NL in gout cases were male sex, diabetes and obesity and in controls male sex and kidney disease. Conclusions: The risk (age and sex adjusted) of NL was increased by 60% in cases compared to controls. None of the commonly used medications increased the risk of NL in gout patients.
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| 52. |
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| 53. |
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| 54. |
- Marcus, Lars, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Cities as implements or facilities : The need for a spatial morphology in smart city systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science. - : Sage Publications. - 2399-8083 .- 2399-8091. ; 44:2, s. 204-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In light of the urgent threats presented by climate change and rapid urbanisation, interest in ‘smart city systems’ is mounting. In contrast to scholarship that poses ‘smartness’ as something that needs to be added to cities, recent developments in spatial morphology research pursue a view of the built fabric of cities as an extension of the cognitive human apparatus, as well as a material formulation of social, cultural and economic relations and processes. The built fabric of cities needs to be understood as a highly intelligent artefact in itself, rather than simple, dead matter. The current focus on high-tech systems risks concealing the fact that the machine is already there. In contrast to the technological ‘implements’ of smart city systems, this article looks at cities as ‘facilities’ – that is, as technologies that slow down, store and maintain energy as a resource for a variety of purposes. The article builds on space syntax research in order to give precision to the understanding of the affordances the cities offer their various processes and the ways in which cities operate as information storage and retrieval devices for individuals and for society. The city must be considered, we argue, in terms of a range of tangled, interdependent systems, reaching from individual buildings to the whole city, an understanding anchored in notions of ‘diversity’ and ‘density’ (recently gathered under the concept of ‘spatial capital’) and in research addressing how the distribution of space and artefacts serve as means of knowledge communication (specifically, in complex buildings such as libraries and department stores). In conclusion, we argue that existing discussions on ‘smart city systems’ would benefit acknowledgement of the role of cities as facilities.
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| 55. |
- Marcus, Lars, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive affordances in sustainable urbanism : contributions of space syntax and spatial cognition
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Urban Design. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1357-4809 .- 1469-9664. ; 21:4, s. 439-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Post-industrial societies impose new ecological challenges on urbanism. However, it is argued here that most approaches to sustainable urbanism still share the conception of the humans-environment relations that characterized modernism. The paper finds support in recent knowledge developments in social-ecological sustainability, spatial analysis and cognitive science to initiate a dialogue for an alternative framework. Urban form engages humans not only through physical activities, but also mentally through opportunities for learning and creation of meaning, thereby both reinforcing and impeding behaviours on a cognitive level. Against this background, it is proposed that what in cognition studies is termed ‘cognitive affordances’ could form the core of a new epistemological framework of the human-environment relation in sustainable urbanism.
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| 56. |
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| 57. |
- Mattsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Tyre and road wear particles from source to sea
- 2023
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Ingår i: Microplastics and Nanoplastics. - : Springer. - 2662-4966. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) are an important microplastics contributor to the environment, although direct observations along suggested pathways are virtually absent. There are concerns for both human health and ecosystems from TRWP exposure and leached chemicals. Due to great analytical challenges in detection and characterization, almost nothing is known about the physicochemical characteristics, occurrence, fate and transport of TRWP in the environment. Diverse tyre types exist for different seasons and vehicle profiles, and their formulations are undisclosed proprietary information.Here we show TRWP dispersion in marine sediments, and a direct link between tyre formulation, tread hardness and TRWP emissions. Softer tyres with higher natural rubber and carbon black content generate higher particle wear. Sediment TRWP dominates the microplastics assemblage close to the city, while showing a much more steeply reducing concentration gradient with distance from the source, suggesting different transport behaviour compared to lower density microplastics. This implies that urbanized coastal ecosystems are impacted by the accumulating TRWP, with consequences for sediment ecosystems.
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| 58. |
- Mattsson, L, et al.
(författare)
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Antigen inhibition of collagen-induced arthritis is associated with up-regulation of IL-4 mRNA and induction of Ox40 on T cells in draining lymph nodes
- 2003
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Ingår i: Clinical and experimental immunology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 131:2, s. 241-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The addition of a foreign antigen to an inoculum completely inhibits the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). However, the mechanism of this phenomenon, antigen -inhibition, is incompletely understood. Previous studies have demonstrated that the inhibition of arthritis is not mediated through suppression of the antibody response to cartilage antigens. In this paper we investigated cytokine mRNA levels in lymph nodes cells recovered 3, 7 or 16 days from animals immunized with either collagen II in IFA or OVA + collagen II in IFA. At day 7, but not at other time-points, IL-4 mRNA was up-regulated in the lymph nodes of OVA-inhibited non-arthritic animals compared to control animals which all developed arthritis. No significant differences between the two groups could be detected when expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-1β or IL-10 mRNA was analysed. Flow cytometry analysis of draining lymph node cells demonstrated that the T cell marker Ox40 was up-regulated in the OVA-inhibited group. Our results indicate that the complete inhibition of CIA caused by addition of OVA to the collagen II inoculum is due to the presence of a TH2 environment resulting from an increased production of IL-4 mRNA and a parallel increase in Ox40+ T cells.
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| 59. |
- Mattsson, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Boosting algal lipids : Diurnal shifts in temperature exceed the effects of nitrogen limitation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Engineering Reports. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2577-8196. ; 1:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Algal lipids have been observed to increase during autumn conditions (low light, low mean temperature, and diurnal shift in temperature), in large-scale outdoor photobioreactors. In this paper, we tested the effect of diurnal shifts in temperature (DS) and nitrogen (N) limitation on algal BODIPY lipid fluorescence cell?1 (BPF). We show that DS increased BPF in algal biomass up to 28% more compared with N limitation, the standard stressor to boost neutral lipids (NL) in commercial production. Biomass yield was constant, regardless the DS range (6°C-12°C). A combination of both stressors had an additive effect on algal BPF. A polyculture from an outdoor photobioreactor was cultivated under controlled conditions at different regimes of light, temperature, and N limitation. DSs were mimicking autumn conditions with a difference of 6°C, 10°C, and 12°C between day and night. Biomass and BPF were monitored over one to two weeks, and NLs were stained with a fluorescent marker (BODIPY) and detected with flow cytometry. Results indicate that, during autumn conditions, daily heating and cooling processes in contrast to N limitation do not challenge the trade-off between biomass production and BPF. During seasons when day temperature is still relatively high, DSs are rapid BPF boosting stressors, while N limitation could be applied to boost BPF further during other seasons.
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| 60. |
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