| 1. |
- Bring, Arvid, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Hydrological and hydrochemical observation status in the pan-Arctic drainage basin
- 2009
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In: Polar Research. - : Norwegian Polar Institute. - 0800-0395 .- 1751-8369. ; 28, s. 327-338
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to identify and understand the ongoing changes in the Arctic hydrological cycle, and the impacts on the Arctic Ocean, timely and open access to water and water-chemistry data is essential. By synthesizing and analysing all openly accessible water-discharge and water-quality data, we present an updated, quantitative picture of the status of observational data on hydrological and hydrochemical fluxes from the pan-Arctic drainage basin (PADB) to the ocean. We identify and compare the characteristics of monitored and unmonitored areas, and the differences between them, across the continents in the PADB. Results indicate significant gaps in monitoring data for water chemistry, in particular for high-latitude near-coastal areas. The differences in characteristics between monitored and unmonitored areas may bias assessments of hydrological and hydrochemical fluxes to the Arctic Ocean. The reliable identification and understanding of important biogeochemical processes in the PADB require extended monitoring, particularly in high-latitude permafrost ground, and more ready access to harmonized and integrated hydrochemical data.
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| 2. |
- Bring, Arvid, et al.
(author)
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Current status of Pan-Arctic hydrologic and hydrochemical observing networks
- 2007
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In: Proceedings from the Arctic Coastal Zones at Risk workshop in Tromsö, Norway, 1-3 October 2007.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Access to reliable hydrologic and hydrochemical data is of paramount importance for accurately understanding and modeling ongoing change in the Arctic hydrologic cycle under a warming climate. Recent studies have shown that the availability of and accessibility to such data is limited, and also declining, for some Arctic areas. In particular, there is a lack of consistent monitoring of water chemistry. At the same time, there is little information on where and which data gaps are most critical.In light of the present decline of monitoring, it is important to compile and quantify the hydrological and water chemistry monitoring in the Arctic. It is further important to investigate whether there are any systematic differences in characteristics between monitored and unmonitored areas draining to the Arctic Ocean, as such biases might limit the ability of models to accurately predict hydrologic behavior across basins with different properties.We present a quantitative assessment of all openly available monitoring data for water discharge and important water chemistry parameters (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment) in the pan-Arctic drainage basin.Openly accessible pan-Arctic monitoring data were assembled from various databases for discharge and water chemistry, and monitoring station locations were co-referenced to a 30-minute simulated topological network. This allowed the construction of a geographically distributed representation of the temporal and spatial extent of monitoring. By linking this information with spatially distributed basin properties, differences in characteristics between monitored and unmonitored areas were analyzed. Finally, spatial patterns in the recent decline of discharge monitoring were compared with recently observed and projected future temperature trends.Results indicate significant disparity in the spatial and temporal distribution of monitoring data, in particular for water chemistry monitoring, which is both spatially and temporally much less extensive than discharge monitoring. Additionally, there are systematic differences between the characteristics of monitored and unmonitored areas, within and between the different continents in the pan-Arctic drainage basin. The decline in network density has been greatest in four Eurasian basins. In these areas, recent observational temperature trends have been the smallest, while climate models predict the greatest future increases in these areas.The scarcity of water chemical data and the systematic differences in characteristics between monitored and unmonitored basins may limit the reliability of assessments of Arctic water and hydrochemical flux changes under a warming climate. Observed and modeled climate trends exhibit diverging spatial patterns, which makes it difficult to determine whether the basins with the greatest decline in discharge monitoring density are really the ones that will experience the greatest future temperature change. Arctic monitoring needs to be extended in certain areas to enable reliable characterization of hydrologic and hydro-chemical variability and change in the region.
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| 3. |
- Bring, Arvid, et al.
(author)
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Pan-Arctic drainage basin monitoring: current status and potential significance for assessment of climate change effects and feedbacks
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Climate & Water. - 9789521127908 ; , s. 88-93
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Access to reliable hydrologic data is of paramount importance for accurately understanding and modeling ongoing change in and climate feedbacks of the Arctic hydrologic cycle. The accessibility to such data is limited, and continues to decline for some Arctic areas, but there is little information on where and which data gaps are most critical. We present a quantitative assessment of openly accessible monitoring data for water discharge and chemistry in the pan-Arctic drainage basin. We also quantify differences in characteristics between monitored and unmonitored areas, and analyze spatial patterns in reported decline of discharge networks in relation to recently observed and future modeled temperature trends. Results indicate that there is significant disparity in the spatial and temporal distribution of monitoring data, in particular for water chemistry monitoring. Additionally, there are systematic differences between the characteristics of monitored and unmonitored areas, within and between the different continents in the pan-Arctic drainage basin. Discharge network density has declined the most in four Eurasian drainage basins, which show the smallest recently observed temperature trends but the greatest modeled future temperature changes. Differences in characteristics between monitored and unmonitored areas may limit the reliability of assessments of Arctic water and solute flux change under a warming climate. Arctic monitoring needs to be extended in certain areas to fully enable characterization of the hydrologic variability and change in the region.
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| 4. |
- Bring, Arvid, et al.
(author)
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Pan-Arctic Drainage Basin Monitoring: Current Status and Potential Significance for Assessment of Climate Change Impacts and Feedbacks
- 2007
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In: Arctic Forum Abstract Volume.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Access to reliable hydrologic data is of paramount importance for the accurate understanding of changes in the arctic hydrologic cycle, and is also vital to policymakers as a base for sound environmental decisions. Accessibility to such data is limited and continues to decline for some arctic areas, while little information exists on which data gaps are most critical. This study presents a quantitative assessment of openly available monitoring data for water discharge and chemistry in the pan-arctic drainage basin. Results indicate that there is significant disparity in the spatial and temporal distribution of accessible monitoring data, in particular for water chemistry monitoring. Additionally, there are systematic differences between the characteristics of monitored and unmonitored areas. These differences may limit the reliability of assessments of arctic water and solute flux changes under a warming climate. Arctic monitoring needs to be extended in certain areas, and data needs to be disseminated more efficiently, to fully enable characterization of the hydrologic variability and change in the region.
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| 5. |
- Bring, Arvid, et al.
(author)
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Pan-Arctic drainage basin observation networks: current status and potential significance for assessment of climate change effects and feedbacks
- 2007
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In: 1st IPY workshop on Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Hydrological observation networks are integral for understanding and modeling present and future changes in and climate feedbacks to the Arctic environmental system. Recent studies have reported a widespread decline in these networks, but patterns of decline and location of critical data gaps are less certain. We present an updated and quantitative status of openly accessible observation network data for discharge and water chemistry in the pan-Arctic drainage area. We also compare relevant hydrological and socio-economic characteristics of monitored and unmonitored areas, and analyze the decline in network density in relation to recently observed and future modeled temperature trends. Results indicate that there are significant temporal and spatial variations in accessible data, and that there is a critical lack of accessible water chemistry data for large shares of the pan-Arctic. Furthermore, there are systematic differences in characteristics between monitored and unmonitored areas, within and between pan-Arctic regions. Discharge network density has declined the most in four Eurasian drainage basins, which show the smallest recently observed temperature trends but the greatest modeled future temperature changes. Differences in characteristics between monitored and unmonitored areas may limit the reliability of assessments of Arctic water and solute flux change under a warming climate. Improved understanding of the Arctic hydrological system requires less restricted access to monitoring data, extended network coverage of unmonitored areas, and a commitment to sustaining and improving existing networks.
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