| 1. |
- Gustavsson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Retail waste of horticultural products in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 55:5, s. 554-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waste of food is a topic of considerable policy interest. However, few studies have been done on food waste at the retail level. The aim of this study was to examine how large retail waste is for 16 different horticultural products, selected among typical fruit and vegetables. The levels of retail waste were examined in cooperation with one of the leading Swedish retail companies. The results showed that retail waste of horticultural products amounted to between 0.4 and 6.3% of store supplies for different horticultural products. The results did not show that packaging reduced waste of horticultural products.
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| 2. |
- Backlund, Kenneth, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of migration on tax policy in the EU countries : an empirical analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: China-USA Business Review. - : David Publishing Company. - 1537-1514 .- 1555-7901. ; 10:7, s. 508-515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we study whether migration affects taxes on labor and capital income. The analysis is based on panel data for 14 European countries. The results indicate that migration does affect subsequent tax rates, and taxes on labor income increase with increased migration, especially in countries with large public sectors. However, this effect is reduced for countries with large foreign trade and/or large shares of elderly in the population.
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| 3. |
- Dalin, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of capital income taxation on wage formation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Economics Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1765 .- 1873-7374. ; 113:2, s. 186-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the effects of capital income taxation on wage formation are studied using OECD data. The results indicate that a rise in the tax rate on capital income will reduce real wages and increase employment.
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| 4. |
- Gebreegziabher, Zenebe, et al.
(författare)
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Climate Change and the Ethiopian Economy : A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyses the economic impacts of climate change on Ethiopia’s agriculture using a countrywide computable general equilibrium model. The impacts on agriculture are based on results from a Ricardian model where current (and future) agricultural production is analyzed as a function of temperature and precipitation. We project that the effect of overall climate change will be relatively benign until approximately 2030 and then worsen considerably. Our simulation results indicate that, over a 50-year period, the projected reduction in agricultural productivity may lead to 30 percent less average income, compared with the possible outcome in the absence of climate change. Autonomous adaptations that the farmers make and government policies in response will be crucial for Ethiopia’s future development.
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| 5. |
- Stage, Jesper, 1972-
(författare)
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Economic valuation of climate change adaptation in developing countries
- 2010
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Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0077-8923 .- 1749-6632. ; 1185, s. 150-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews the literature on the economics of climate change adaptation in developing countries, and identifies three key points for consideration in future studies. One key point is that all development policy should be formulated using forecasts from climate science as a baseline. When this is not done, there is risk that a false status quo without climate change is seen as an implicit baseline. Another key point is that authors must be clearer about their behavioral assumptions: Many studies either (problematically) assume profit maximization on the side of farm households, or do not specify behavioral assumptions at all. A third important point is that the allocation of rights is crucial for the results; if households have a right to maintain their current livelihoods, the costs of climate change in developing countries are considerably greater than traditional willingness-to-pay studies would indicate. Thus, costs and benefits of climate change adaptation cannot be analyzed using economic aspects only; climate science, behavioral science, and legal and moral aspects have crucial implications for the outcome of the analysis.
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| 6. |
- Stage, Jesper, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Is urbanization contributing to higher food prices?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environment and Urbanization. - London : SAGE Publications. - 0956-2478 .- 1746-0301. ; 22:1, s. 199-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization has been mentioned as one possible cause of higher food prices, and in this paper we examine some of the suggested links between urbanization and food prices. We conclude that urbanization, conventionally defined as the increasing share of the population living in urban settlements, is being conflated with related but separate processes, such as economic growth, population growth and environmental degradation. We discuss factors that affect food prices and conclude that the one important way in which urbanization in poor countries may affect food prices is that it increases the number of households that depend on commercial food supplies, rather than on own production, as their main source, and hence are likely to hoard food if they fear future price increases. One policy option for managing this is larger food reserves. Attempts to curb urbanization, on the other hand, would be ill-advised.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bezabih, Mintewab, et al.
(författare)
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Climate change and total factor productivity in the Tanzanian economy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 11:6, s. 1289-1302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper analyses the economic impacts of climate change-induced adjustments on the performance of the Tanzanian economy, using a country-wide computable general equilibrium model. The effect of overall climate change on agricultural productivity (modeled as reduced land productivity) is projected to be relatively limited until approximately 2030 and become worse thereafter. Our simulation results indicate that despite the projected reduction in agricultural productivity, the negative impacts can potentially be quite limited. This is because the time scales involved and the low starting point of the economy leave ample space for factor substitutability and increased overall productivity. This indicates that policies that give farmers opportunity to invest in autonomous climate adaptation, as well as policies that improve the overall performance of the economy, can be as important for reducing the impacts of climate change in the economy as direct government policies for climate adaptation.
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