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- Alakangas, Linda J., et al.
(author)
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Sampling and Characterizing Rare Earth Elements in Groundwater in Deep-Lying Fractures in Granitoids Under In Situ High-Pressure and Low-Redox Conditions
- 2014
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In: Aquatic geochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1380-6165 .- 1573-1421. ; 20:4, s. 405-418
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several countries are preparing to dispose of radioactive nuclear waste deep underground in crystalline rock. This type of bedrock is commonly extensively fractured and consequently carries groundwater that serves as a medium for transporting metals and radionuclides. A group of metals of particular interest in this context is the rare earth elements (REEs), because they are analogues of actinides contained within radioactive waste and are tracers of hydrological pathways and geochemical processes. Concentrations of REEs are commonly low in these groundwaters, leading to values below detection limits of standard monitoring methods, particularly for the heavy REEs. We present a new technical set-up for monitoring REEs (and other trace metals) in groundwater in fractured crystalline rock. The technique consists of passing the fracture groundwater, commonly under high pressure and containing reduced chemical species, through a device that maintains the physicochemical character of the groundwater. Within the device, diffusive gradient in thin-film (DGT) discs are installed in triplicate. With this set-up, we studied REEs in groundwater in fractures at depths of approximately -144, -280, and -450 m in granitoids in the A"spo Hard Rock Laboratory in southern Sweden. The entire REE suite was detected (concentrations down to 0.1 ng L-1) and was differently fractionated among the groundwaters. The shallowest groundwater, composed of dilute modern Baltic Sea water, was enriched in the heavy REEs, whereas the deeper groundwaters, dominated by old saline water, were depleted in the heavy REEs. Deployment periods varying from 1 to 4 weeks delivered similar REE concentrations, indicating stability and reproducibility of the experimental set-up. The study finds that 1 week of deployment may be enough. However, if the overall setting and construction allow for longer deployment times, 2-3 weeks will be optimal in terms of reaching reliable REE concentrations well above the detection limit while maintaining the performance of the DGT samplers.
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- Bentham, James, et al.
(author)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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In: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 3. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(author)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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In: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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- Bill, Frederic, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Constructing and de-constructing entrepreneurial enclaves : a Deleuzian take on regional mobilization
- 2013
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In: The 31st SCOS (The Standing Conference on Organizational Symbolism) in Warsaw, 13-16 July, 2013.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IntroductionThis paper is based on ongoing interactive research on entrepreneurial enclaves in southern Sweden aimed at promoting regional development through interaction between local stakeholders, academics and undergraduate students. The enclave concept has been used in previous research, also in entrepreneurship, but then primarily when dealing with networking and self-employment among ethnic minority groups. (Butler & Wilson, 1990; Andersson & Hammarstedt, 2012) Here we draw on the work of Deleuze & Guttari (1980) by asking what the effects of introducing the enclave concept in a regional community are, rather than trying to identify or pinpoint what an entrepreneurial enclave is as such. Thus, the purpose of our paper is to gain increased understanding regarding the productiveness of the enclave concept.Research designThe project began with topics considered important by local stakeholders, as identified during role-play based semi-focused groups (Bill & Olaison, 2009), and then this was translated these into a number of projects which students supervised by academic researchers try to realize together with local stakeholders. Semi-focused groups are a method founded on pragmatism and intended to place the respondents in a fictive but still familiar situation by giving them a task and roles close to their everyday experience. The intention is to gain understanding not only regarding how they would talk about something, but also how they would act in a certain situation. (Putnam, 1995; Bill et al., 2009)Preliminary findingsWhen dealing with entrepreneurial regions, previous research has generally tried to identify them and then sought to create some sort of template for recreating them elsewhere. However, it would be naïve to believe that this attention will not in itself influence the behavior of the residents in the region. The border between observer and observed therefore starts to dissipate.The basis for our research is that we are initially, simply by declaring them, creating the entrepreneurial enclaves that we subsequently study. Furthermore, simultaneously we are also creating a number of non-entrepreneurial enclaves in the region simply by not pinpointing or highlighting them. In our empirical work consisting of semi-focused groups and continuous interaction with local stakeholders this has become especially visible on a number of occasions. In the paper we present three cases where the existence of our project has influenced the way the local stakeholders consider themselves and their region. These are: I) The medieval church, a battle of belonging. II) Expectations of the Other - or not saying no to developing the Lake of the Fox. III) Voices of the recent, participating to participate.ConclusionsThe conclusions from this project are that the acts of creating and identifying entrepreneurial enclaves are overlapping and intertwined, that the entrepreneurial enclave is amorphous in the sense that its spatial/social limitations fluctuates and that the region is often
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| 10. |
- Bill, Frederic, et al.
(author)
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Divine Inspiration for Deities?
- 2008
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In: Mythical Inspirations for Organizational Realities. - : Palgrave Macmillan, New York. ; , s. 15-
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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