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Sökning: WFRF:(Fröling Morgan 1966 ) > Fröling Morgan 1966

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21.
  • Clancy, Gunilla, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • Sustainability considerations in the development of materials intended for an absorbent hygiene product
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Annual Poster Exhibition at the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Mars 12th 2009, Göteborg, Sweden.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • WooDi, the Wood based Diaper, is a research collaboration between industry and university. The research has a specific focus on replacing non-renewable materials in the absorbent structure of an incontinence diaper, while ensuring that the new product is also more sustainable than a reference diaper. The work packages in the project focus on forming networks of fibres with tailored properties, characterisation of the networks, designing the production process, and assessing sustainability of the life-cycle of the diapers and guiding the material and product development process through important sustainability considerations.For the new wood fibre based material that is being developed, the properties are yet unknown and production, use and disposal of the product can thus not yet be defined, which is normal in a material development project. Important sustainability considerations will be visualised at the start of the project and thereafter continuously assessed and refined in an iterative process. This calls for the development of an iterative methodology for sustainability assessment that can guide the project through this process with an increasing level of accuracy and detail over time. A few generic frameworks for sustainability assessment in product development have been suggested in literature [1, 2], but actual case studies that show successful implementation are not yet available. In the WooDi project, a well functioning communication between different stakeholders in the project and a project group with knowledge from different areas will ensure that innovative ideas based on best available knowledge can be created and developed in consideration of relevant sustainability aspects.1. Holmberg, J., U. Lundqvist, and K.-H. Robert, An approach to sustainable product development relevant to small and medium-sized enterprises. Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and the Environment, ed. R. Hillary. 2000: Greenleaf Publishing, Sheffield, UK.2. Byggeth, S., G. Broman, and K.-H. Robèrt, A method for sustainable product development based on a modular system of guiding questions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2007. 15(1): p. 1-11.Acknowledgement – Financial support from Vinnova, SCA Hygiene Products AB and Södra Cell AB is greatly appreciated
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23.
  • Clancy, Gunilla, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • The ageing society – an example of consequences for biomass use for incontinence diapers in Europe
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Poster presentation at the AGS annual meeting 'Sustainability and change', 23-25 January 2011, Göteborg, Sweden.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Increasing life expectancy results in an ageing society in parts of the world. The old of tomorrow are also expected to have higher comfort demands. One likely consequence is an increase in the need of such products as disposable incontinence diapers, which are today partly based on cellulose from forestry. A calculation of the potential increase for heavy incontinence care (assuming the use of disposable incontinence diapers) was made based on the demographic trends for Europe and on the yield from forestry performed under Nordic conditions. The calculation is using a parameterisation known from literature: I = i * m * u * P. It expresses the impact (I, in our case, forest area in ha) as a product of four factors that humans have the ability to change, in our case, i = ha Nordic forest area / kg material, m = kg material / service, u = service / population in Europe, and P = population in Europe. The 'service' is to keep a customer with heavy incontinence dry for a year, assuming that the same fraction of the population above 50 years as today will need heavy incontinence protection. Under these assumptions, the forest area needed for heavy incontinence care in Europe will increase with about 75% until 2050. According to the current work in the WooDi research project, aiming at producing a wood-based diaper, if the petroleum-based material in the absorbent core in the diapers were to be replaced by wood-based, this would increase the needed forest area to about 136%, assuming a 1:1 replacement ratio by weight which seems to be a low estimate. This is still a small share of the total European forest area (0.2%). However, such an increase in wood demand for only one product is not without problems, since forests to a large extent are already utilised, e.g. for timber and pulp and paper production, and since there is an expected increase in demand for bio-based fuels and materials for replacement of fossil-based products, thus competing for either the yield from the forests or for the land area. At the same time, there are rising concerns regarding biodiversity and other ecosystem services in connection to forestry.
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24.
  • Clancy, Gunilla, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • To develop material for more sustainable products: Learning for action
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Science and Technology Day 2012, Poster Exhibition at the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology and the Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden, March 27th 2012.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Since companies have to develop more sustainable products to continue operation in the long term, there is a demand for ways to guide and compare the sustainability already in material or product development. This has been studied through action research in a material development project that aims to develop wood-based materials to replace petroleum-based materials while ensuring a more sustainable product. More sustainable future societies might put very different demands on products compared to the strictest requirements of today. To develop more sustainable products therefore requires future oriented assessment parameters already in early stages of material or product development - where choices determining many of the sustainability burdens of a product are made. Furthermore, the whole life cycle of products needs to be envisaged in order for sustainability to be defined. There is thus, for example, little point in talking about 'sustainable materials' since the sustainability of their use may be strongly affected by the rest of the life cycle, after material manufacturing, thus, the materials need to be seen in a context. A description of important sustainability considerations must be made in relation to the challenges that become visible when looking at a whole product system and in relation to its surrounding world which to complicate this further, are also changing over time, and therefore an appropriate time perspective must be applied. Relevant product sustainability aspects and parameters must be identified and described. Approaches for handling this complex situation has not been found in literature and therefore a team learning approach that deal with these issues has been developed. The proposed approach is aimed for material or product development. It has a specific focus on facilitating innovation towards more sustainable products by translating and integrating significant product sustainability characteristics into each team member’s specific area of expertise and everyday work. The material and product development team members are largely affecting the sustainability performance of the finished product. The approach is an iterative process which should continue until the material or product is available for sale and thus the product sustainability parameters will be modified during the process to include new knowledge. Hence, the assessments will be more exact with time.
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25.
  • Danielski, Itai, et al. (författare)
  • Heated atrium in multi-storey apartment buildings, a design with potential to enhance energy efficiency and to facilitate social interactions
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 106, s. 352-364
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The design concept of conditioned atria gains increasing popularity in commercial and service buildings all over the world, but is still not a common building design in the residential sector. This study investigates the potential of such design in residential buildings in Nordic climates as means to enhance both energy efficiency as well as social interaction among residents. Energy modelling was used to compare energy efficiency among designs of residential buildings with and without atrium and to identify important design parameters. Social interaction was analysed, based on a survey evaluating the perception of residents living in an existing multi-storey apartment building designed with a heated atrium in the north of Sweden.The results show that heated atrium in Nordic climates have a potential to reduce the total final energy demand while at the same time increase the conditioned space of the building. To positively impact energy efficiency, the atrium should fulfil three requirements: (i) it should be designed to reduce the shape factor for the whole building; (ii) it should have the minimum glazed area that comply with the building requirements concerning natural light and visual comfort; and (iii) adjustable solar shading should be installed in the atrium’s façades to avoid unwanted overheating. The survey results indicate that the additional space created by the atrium has a potential to facilitate and promote social interaction among residents and to increases a sense of neighbourliness and belongingness, which are often discussed as important parameters in relation to social sustainability.
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26.
  • Danielski, Itai, 1973-, et al. (författare)
  • In situ measurements of thermal properties of building fabrics using thermography under non-steady state heat flow conditions
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Infrastructures. - : MDPI. - 2412-3811. ; 3:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study describes a quantitative method using thermography to measure the thermal properties of building fabrics that are subjected to non-steady state heat flow due to consistently changing meteorological conditions. The method includes two parts. First, the convection heat transfer coefficient is measured by thermography and heat flux meters on a small segment of the examined building fabric with uniform surface temperature. Then, thermal properties of large building fabrics are evaluated by thermography. The two parts are measured simultaneously. The method was tested on 140/160/190 mm thick massive laminated spruce timber walls of a test facility cabin located in Östersund, Sweden. The results varied by only a few percent in comparison to validation measurements performed with heat flux meters and in comparison, to values from the literature. Due to rapid changes in weather conditions the measured values had large disparity, but still a linear regression with low confidence interval was obtained. Obtaining an accurate value of convection heat transfer was important for achieving high measurement accuracy and, therefore, the value of this parameter should be measured. Other important factors to consider are solar radiation, reflected infrared (IR) radiation from nearby objects and the number of thermal images.
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28.
  • Fakhari Rad, Mohammad, et al. (författare)
  • Including Ecosystem Services in Sustainability Assessment of Forest Biofuels
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: World Bioenergy 2012 Proceedings. - 9789197762458 ; , s. 75-78
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • With increasing demand for forest biofuels the pressures on ecosystem services from forestry practices willincrease. This calls for identification and assessment of tradeoffs between different uses of provisioning and otherecosystem services and establish management practices considering such tradeoffs.
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29.
  • Fakhari Rad, Mohammad, et al. (författare)
  • More forest biofuels from Jämtland - ecosystem services tradeoffs
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Ecosystem Services - From policy to practice.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • With increasing European demand for biofuels, the interest for forest biomass from the northernboreal forests of Sweden will increase. Traditional optimization parameters like carbon footprint orlife cycle energy use will not be enough to ensure the sustainability of forest biofuel production inSweden. Impacts on ecosystem services must also be assessed.Swedish forests today have annual volume growth surpassing harvesting. This is partly thebackground to the fact that land occupation parameters has not been considered relevant when itcomes to forestry in Sweden; the general forms of forest management practices used has made alsoproduction forestry seen as ‘nature’ (e.g. about three quarters of Swedish forests are certified byFSC, PEFC or both). With increasing competition for forest resources, harvesting pressure andintensity of forestry will likely increase, and the view ‘forests is nature’ will have to change.In the Swedish county of Jämtland there is 3.4 million ha of forest area, and forestry is an importantindustry. At the same time the county also has a large tourism industry, to a substantial extent forskiing but also for experiences of undisturbed nature, hiking, hunting, fishing et c. The county is alsomarketing itself as a “Quality Food Area” having a focus on traditional, small scale and localproduction of food products and food experiences, with the clean and uncontaminated environmentfor agriculture, game and fish as a cornerstone. More intensive forestry may create conflictsbetween such enterprises related to cultural ecosystem services and those provisioning servicespushed for biofuel production.We need to make possible the inclusion of negative impacts on ecosystem services from biofuelproduction as well as inclusion of tradeoffs between different types of e.g. cultural ecosystemservices in sustainability assessments of increased forest biofuel harvesting and production inJämtland.Before
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30.
  • Fröling, Morgan, 1966-, et al. (författare)
  • Appearances of Ecosystem Services in Environmental Impact Assessment - learnings from two Swedish case studies
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of Linnaeus Eco-Tech 2016.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Ecosystem Services is an increasingly used concept to understand and describe the dependencies of socio-technical systems on the ecosystems in which they exist. We have studied to what extent ecosystem services are appearing in Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) in two Swedish cases, the improvement of ecological status in a river used for small scale hydropower and the mining operations of the MM mine. In neither of the two cases ecosystem services have been intentionally included in the work with the EIAs. The goal of the studies has been to examine to what extent ecosystem services are appearing anyway in the EIAs, to what extent data in the EIAs are sufficient to perform more structured ecosystem service assessments, and if the use of a more structured ecosystem services review during the EIA process could have contributed positively to the EIA work. Both EIAs in this study holds some information on impacts on ecosystem services, and more information on affected ecosystem functions that could be translated into ecosystems services and probably to full ecosystem service reviews with additional data gathering. Cases of ecosystem functions and services impacting other ecosystem functions and services, sometimes in several stages, were found, indicating that such functions or services could be of special importance to protect and / or support.
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