| 341. |
- Ehn, B.-M., et al.
(författare)
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Modification of IgE Binding during Heat Processing of the Cow's Milk Allergen ?-Lactoglobulin
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 52:5, s. 1398-1403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of heat treatment on the IgE binding ability of ?-lactoglobulin, as pure protein or in whole milk, was studied by inhibition of IgE antibody binding using FEIA-CAP inhibition. A slight but significant decreased IgE binding was seen between unheated and heat-treated ?-lactoglobulin solution at 74 °C (IC50 = 2.03 and 3.59 ?g/mL, respectively, p = 0.032). A more pronounced decrease was found at 90 °C with an IC50 of 8.45 ?g/mL (p = 0.014). The inhibition of IgE binding of milk after heat treatment at 90 °C was also significantly decreased (p = 0.007). However, at all heat treatments, a similar total amount of IgE antibodies could be inhibited at a sufficiently high concentration of ?-lactoglobulin. The inhibiting ability of ?-lactoglobulin was significantly impaired in some fermented acidified milk products such as yogurt as compared to that in nonfermented milk (p < 0.001). There was only a small difference of IgE binding between the native forms of genetic variants A and B.
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| 342. |
- Ehn, B.-M., et al.
(författare)
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Modification of IgE binding to beta-lactoglobulin by fermentation and Proteolysis of cow's milk
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 53:9, s. 3743-3748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of fermentation by Lactobacilliand of proteolytic hydrolysis of whole milk on the IgE binding ability of ?-lactoglobulin was studied using an ELISA inhibition assay. Sera from nine adult milk allergic patients were tested. The individual sera showed a similar inhibition pattern in the changes during fermentation and proteolysis. The degradation of ?-lactoglobulin was studied with liquid chromatography. In general, fermentation with Lactobacilli gave little effect on IgE binding, even though chromatography data showed a gradual degradation of ?-lactoglobulin. Proteolysis with trypsin, however, gave extensive degradation of ?-lactoglobulin and strongly decreased IgE binding. In addition, we measured the inhibition pattern of ?-lactoglobulin in various selected commercially available fermented milk products. These showed an IgE binding capacity similar to that of nonfermented high pasteurized milk. © 2005 American Chemical Society.
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| 343. |
- Eiras, A. E., et al.
(författare)
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Sex pheromone of the Brazilian apple leafroller, Bonagota cranaodes Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)
- 1999
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0939-5075 .- 1865-7125. ; 54:7-8, s. 595-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The female sex pheromone of Bonagota (=Phthteochroa) cranaodes (Meyrick) is a blend of (E,Z)-3,5-dodecadienyl acetate (E3,Z5-12:Ac) and (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate (Z9-16:Ac) according to analysis of pheromone - gland extracts and field trapping in apple orchards. This is the first time that E3,Z5-12:Ac has been identified as a lepidopteran sex pheromone. Traps baited with 100 mu g E3,Z5-12:Ac were attractive over 15 weeks in the field and were as effective as traps baited with virgin females. Addition of Z9-16:Ac to E3,Z5-12:Ac at ratio of 1:10 had a significantly increase of male moths. The addition of the Z,E and Z:Z isomers to rubber septa baited with E3,Z5-12:Ac did not modify B. cranaodes male attraction, but 10% of EE enhanced trap catch.
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| 344. |
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| 345. |
- Ekstrand, Jan, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Hamstring injury rates have increased during recent seasons and now constitute 24% of all injuries in mens professional football: the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study from 2001/02 to 2021/22
- 2023
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 57:5, s. 292-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo: (1) describe hamstring injury incidence and burden in male professional football players over 21 seasons (2001/02 to 2021/22); (2) analyse the time-trends of hamstring muscle injuries over the most recent eight seasons (2014/15 to 2021/22); and (3) describe hamstring injury location, mechanism and recurrence rate. Methods3909 players from 54 teams (in 20 European countries) from 2001/02 to 2021/22 (21 consecutive seasons) were included. Team medical staff recorded individual player exposure and time-loss injuries. Time-trend analyses were performed with Poisson regression using generalised linear models. Results2636 hamstring injuries represented 19% of all reported injuries, with the proportion of all injuries increasing from 12% during the first season to 24% in the most recent season. During that same period, the percentage of all injury absence days caused by hamstring injuries increased from 10% to 20%. Between 2014/15 and 2021/22, training hamstring injury incidence increased (6.7% annually, 95% CI 1.7% to 12.5%) as did burden (9.0% annually, 95% CI 1.2% to 18.3%). During those years, the match hamstring injury incidence also increased (3.9% annually, 95% CI 0.1% to 7.9%) and with the same trend (not statistically significant) for match hamstring injury burden (6.2% annually, 95% CI -0.5% to 15.0%). ConclusionsHamstring injury proportions-in number of injuries and total absence days-doubled during the 21-year period of study. During the last eight seasons, hamstring injury rates have increased both in training and match play.
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| 346. |
- Ekstrom, S., et al.
(författare)
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Signal amplification using "spot on-a-chip" technology for the identification of proteins via MALDI-TOF MS
- 2001
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6882 .- 0003-2700. ; 73:2, s. 214-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presented "spot-on-a-chip" technology enables easy enrichment of samples in the low nanomolar (1-5 nM) range and provides a fast and reliable automated sample preparation method for performing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis with high sensitivity and throughput. Through microdispensing, which allows accurate deposition of 60-pL droplets, dilute samples were enriched by making multiple droplet depositions in nanovials. The sample was confined to a defined spot area (300 x 300 mum), and multiple depositions increase the surface density of analyte in the nanovial, thereby providing detection of low attomole levels. The impact of the nanovial geometry with respect to the MALDI-TOF MS resolution for peptides deposited in the microfabricated silicon vials was investigated and the optimal geometry and size were determined. The spot-on-a-chip technology, that is, the combination of microdispensing, micromachined silicon nanovials and on-spot enrichment provides a signal amplification of at least 10-50 times as compared to an ordinary sample preparation. The linearity of the enrichment effect is shown by the analysis of a peptide mixture at the 5 nM level. The signal amplification provided by the spot-on-a-chip enrichment is demonstrated by the analysis of relevant biological samples, interleukin-8 from a spiked cell supernatant, and by successful protein identification of an excised spot from a high-sensitivity silver-stained two-dimensional electrophoresis gel separation.
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| 347. |
- El-Sayed, A., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of codlemone isomers on codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) male attraction
- 1998
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Ingår i: Environmental Entomology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0046-225X .- 1938-2936. ; 27:5, s. 1250-1254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the effect of codlemone geometric isomers (E,Z)-, (Z,E)-, and (Z,Z)-8,10-dodecadienol on sex attraction of male codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in the field and in a wind tunnel. The use of an ultrasound evaporator made it possible to apply known rates of compound at defined isomeric purity. In the wind tunnel, 5, 20, and 100% addition of Z,E isomer to (E,E) -8,10-dodecadienol (codlemone) slightly increased male night response. However, field captures with these blends were not significantly different from codlemone alone. A 20 and 100% addition of E,Z isomer decreased male landings on the odor source in the wind tunnel and trap captures in the field; Z,Z had an antagonistic effect at 100%. The equilibrium isomer blend (100% EB; 26% E,Z; 20% Z,E; 5% Z,Z) strongly reduced male attraction. The behavioral effect of isomerization of codlemone in dispenser materials used for mating disruption has to be taken into consideration.
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| 348. |
- Enander, Jonas M.D., et al.
(författare)
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Ubiquitous neocortical decoding of tactile input patterns
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-5102. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas functional localization historically has been a key concept in neuroscience, direct neuronal recordings show that input of a particular modality can be recorded well outside its primary receiving areas in the neocortex. Here, we wanted to explore if such spatially unbounded inputs potentially contain any information about the quality of the input received. We utilized a recently introduced approach to study the neuronal decoding capacity at a high resolution by delivering a set of electrical, highly reproducible spatiotemporal tactile afferent activation patterns to the skin of the contralateral second digit of the forepaw of the anesthetized rat. Surprisingly, we found that neurons in all areas recorded from, across all cortical depths tested, could decode the tactile input patterns, including neurons of the primary visual cortex. Within both somatosensory and visual cortical areas, the combined decoding accuracy of a population of neurons was higher than for the best performing single neuron within the respective area. Such cooperative decoding indicates that not only did individual neurons decode the input, they also did so by generating responses with different temporal profiles compared to other neurons, which suggests that each neuron could have unique contributions to the tactile information processing. These findings suggest that tactile processing in principle could be globally distributed in the neocortex, possibly for comparison with internal expectations and disambiguation processes relying on other modalities.
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| 349. |
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| 350. |
- Enckell, P H, et al.
(författare)
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The dispersal pattern of an anthropochorous species: Genetic variation in populations of Lumbricus terrestris L. (Lumbricidae) in the Faroe Islands
- 1986
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Ingår i: Hereditas. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-0661 .- 1601-5223. ; 104:2, s. 253-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ten populations of the anthropochorous Lumbricus terrestris L. (Lumbricidae) from six islands in the Faroes were scored for enzyme variation by electrophoresis. The allele frequencies were analyzed by cluster analysis and information entropy relationships. There was a significant heterogeneity in allele frequencies among the samples. Four groups could be distinguished in the cluster analysis of which one was larger (at least five sites); two sites were defined as outliers. Information entropy showed that the allele frequency data were structured differently over the sites and that the most non-random site was also one of the outliers in the cluster space. The main group in the cluster analysis also forms a geographically central group in the islands. These results are discussed against the known colonization history of the Faroes. It is concluded that the genetic variation pattern does not indicate any single point of invasion of L. terrestris into the islands. Rather, it shows that former and present-day communications between the islands are responsible for similarities and dissimilarities in genetic variation in the L. terrestris populations.
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