| 51. |
- Fischer, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Tetra-n-butylammonium di-mu-hydroxobis dinitratodioxouranate(VI)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica Section E. - : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). - 1600-5368. ; 61, s. M1542-M1544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From an aqueous solution of uranyl nitrate hexahydrate and tetra-n-butylammonium nitrate, single crystals of the title compound, (C16H36N)(2)[U-2(NO3)(4)(OH)(2)O-4], were obtained. The structure features a dimeric hydroxo-bridged tetranitratodihydroxobis[ dioxouranate(VI)] dianion.
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| 52. |
- Fischer, Benedikt, et al.
(författare)
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Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) for reducing health harms from non-medical cannabis use : A comprehensive evidence and recommendations update
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of drug policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-3959 .- 1873-4758. ; 99
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cannabis use is common, especially among young people, and is associated with risks for various health harms. Some jurisdictions have recently moved to legalization/regulation pursuing public health goals. Evidence-based 'Lower Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines' (LRCUG) and recommendations were previously developed to reduce modifiable risk factors of cannabis-related adverse health outcomes; related evidence has evolved substantially since. We aimed to review new scientific evidence and to develop comprehensively up-to-date LRCUG, including their recommendations, on this evidence basis.Methods: Targeted searches for literature (since 2016) on main risk factors for cannabis-related adverse health outcomes modifiable by the user-individual were conducted. Topical areas were informed by previous LRCUG content and expanded upon current evidence. Searches preferentially focused on systematic reviews, supplemented by key individual studies. The review results were evidence-graded, topically organized and narratively summarized; recommendations were developed through an iterative scientific expert consensus development process.Results: A substantial body of modifiable risk factors for cannabis use-related health harms were identified with varying evidence quality. Twelve substantive recommendation clusters and three precautionary statements were developed. In general, current evidence suggests that individuals can substantially reduce their risk for adverse health outcomes if they delay the onset of cannabis use until after adolescence, avoid the use of high-potency (THC) cannabis products and high-frequency/-intensity of use, and refrain from smoking-routes for administration. While young people are particularly vulnerable to cannabis-related harms, other sub-groups (e.g., pregnant women, drivers, older adults, those with co-morbidities) are advised to exercise particular caution with use-related risks. Legal/regulated cannabis products should be used where possible.Conclusions: Cannabis use can result in adverse health outcomes, mostly among sub-groups with higher-risk use. Reducing the risk factors identified can help to reduce health harms from use. The LRCUG offer one targeted intervention component within a comprehensive public health approach for cannabis use. They require effective audience-tailoring and dissemination, regular updating as new evidence become available, and should be evaluated for their impact.
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| 53. |
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| 54. |
- Flodström, Eje, et al.
(författare)
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Uppdatering av utsläpp till luft frånarbetsfordon och arbetsredskap för Sveriges internationella rapportering
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sveriges rapportering av utsläpp till luft till Klimatkonventionen (UNFCCC) samt till Konventionen om gränsöverskridande luftföroreningar (CLRTAP) har under de ca fem senaste åren i fallet arbetsfordon och arbetsredskap till stora delar vilat på en genomgripande "bottom-up" inventering utförd av IVL under 1999 avseende 1997 års utsläpp. Till viss del är därmed svenska officiella utsläppsdata för denna sektor föråldrade. Föreliggande projekts syfte har varit att, med utgångspunkt från den förra inventeringen från 1999, göra en uppdatering av de nationella utsläppen från arbetsfordon och arbetsredskap, där hänsyn tas till bl a:• förändringar i bestånd och andra aktivitetsrelaterade data (t ex driftstider) sedan den förra inventeringen, reella sådana eller genom att ny kunskap på området tagits fram• införandet av avgaskrav inom EU på dieselmotorer i arbetsfordon stegvis från 1999• ny kunskap om emissionsfaktorer för arbetsfordon och arbetsredskapBaserat på den förra inventeringen från 1999 har inom föreliggande projekt nya "bottom-up"-beräkningar av de nationella utsläppen från arbetsfordon och arbetsmaskiner utförts för åren 1998 och 2002. Utifrån dessa har sedan de årsvisa utsläppen från arbetsfordon och arbetsmaskiner för hela perioden 1990-2002 räknats om för samtliga de ämnen som idag redovisas avseende utsläpp relaterade till diesel- och bensinanvändning inom den mobila sektorn i Sveriges internationella rapportering (CO2 inkl bränsleförbrukning, CH4, N2O, NOx, SO2, NMVOC, CO, NH3, samt partiklar i form av TSP, PM10 och PM2.5). För de nya "bottom-up"-beräkningarna har för aktuella uppgifter på bestånd av arbetsfordon uppdelade på näringsgren i hög grad utnyttjats statistik tillgänglig via trafikregistret kombinerat med företagsregistret. För uppgifter om fordonsbestånd och aktivitetsdata avseende arbetsredskap (gräsklippare och trimmers) har för första gången utnyttjats SCB's s k OMNIBUS-undersökning - som riktas mot svenska hushåll - med gott resultat.Jämfört med inventeringen från 1999 har i den nya inventeringen utsläppen av CO2 minskat marginellt (ca 3%), utsläppen av NOx, CH4 och N2O minskat i betydande omfattning, främst till följd av ändrad (förbättrad) beräkningsmetodik, medan utsläppen av NMVOC och partiklar ökat till följd av nya emissionsfaktorer.Kunskapen om - såväl som modeller och verktyg för beräkningar av - utsläppen från arbetsmaskiner och arbetsredskap är jämförelsevis fortfarande begränsad, och osäkerheterna i de beräknade utsläppen får bedömas som relativt stora. Det föreligger ett stort behov av förbättrad statistik avseende bestånd och aktivitetsdata, men också ett forskningsbehov, för att kunna uppnå bättre precision i nationella utsläppsberäkningar. Oaktat detta ger rapporten förslag på hur man utan större insatser kan uppdatera de framtida utsläppsberäkningarna avsedda för Sveriges internationella rapportering, så att de speglar framtida förändringar i såväl bestånd som i emissionsprestanda.
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| 55. |
- Fredriksson Möller, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Azep gas turbine combined cycle power plants thermo-economic analysis
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Ecos 2005, Vols 1-3 - Shaping our future energy systems. ; , s. 819-826
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conventional power plants based on fossil fuel without CO2 capture produce flue gas streams with concentrations Of CO2 between 3% and 15%, contributing to the threat of increasing global warming. Existing capture technologies such as post-combustion flue gas treatment using chemical absorption or pre-combustion carbon removal suffer from significant efficiency penalties as well as major increase in investment costs. Alternatively, combustion in O-2/CO2 atmospheres also requires expensive and energy-consuming oxygen supplies. A less energy intensive concept for oxygen production is a Mixed Conducting Membrane (MCM) reactor which produces pure oxygen from compressed air. The MCM reactor is best integrated into a conventional gas turbine combined cycle, called Advanced Zero Emissions Plant (AZEP), to provide an efficient and cost-effective power plant altogether. In this paper the economic performance of four different combined cycle alternatives in two different gas turbine sizes are evaluated; a 50 MWe size based on the Siemens SGT800 gas turbine and a 400 MWe size based on the Siemens SGT5-4000F gas turbine. ne evaluated combined cycles are one conventional combined cycle, one combined cycle with post-combustion CO2 capture and two optimised AZEP cases from a previous thermodynamic study. One AZEP alternative provides 100% CO2 capture and is thus a true zero emissions alternative, whereas the second alternative uses a sequential combustion system which enables 85% of the CO2 to be captured, making a comparison with traditional post-combustion treatment easier. The results show that the AZEP concept presents a more competitive system in terms of efficiency and economy compared to traditional capture systems.
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| 56. |
- García-Hidalgo, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Vanillin Production in pseudomonas : Whole-genome sequencing of pseudomonas sp. strain 9.1 and reannotation of pseudomonas putida CalA as a vanillin reductase
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240. ; 86:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial degradation of lignin and its related aromatic compounds has great potential for the sustainable production of chemicals and bioremediation of contaminated soils. We previously isolated Pseudomonas sp. strain 9.1 from historical waste deposits (forming so-called fiber banks) released from pulp and paper mills along the Baltic Sea coast. The strain accumulated vanillyl alcohol during growth on vanillin, and while reported in other microbes, this phenotype is less common in wild-type pseudomonads. As the reduction of vanillin to vanil- lyl alcohol is an undesired trait in Pseudomonas strains engineered to accumulate vanillin, connecting the strain 9.1 phenotype with a genotype would increase the fundamental understanding and genetic engineering potential of microbial vanillin metabolism. The genome of Pseudomonas sp. 9.1 was sequenced and assembled. Annotation identified oxidoreductases with homology to Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase ScADH6p, known to reduce vanillin to vanillyl alcohol, in both the 9.1 genome and the model strain Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Recombinant expression of the Pseudomonas sp. 9.1 FEZ21_09870 and P. putida KT2440 PP_2426 (calA) genes in Escherichia coli revealed that these open reading frames encode aldehyde reductases that convert vanillin to vanillyl alcohol, and that P. putida KT2440 PP_3839 encodes a coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase that oxidizes coniferyl alcohol to coniferyl aldehyde (i.e., the function previ-ously assigned to calA). The deletion of PP_2426 in P. putida GN442 engineered to accumulate vanillin resulted in a decrease in by-product (vanillyl alcohol) yield from 17% to -1%. Based on these results, we propose the reannotation of PP_2426 and FEZ21_09870 as areA and PP_3839 as calA-II. IMPORTANCE Valorization of lignocellulose (nonedible plant matter) is of key interest for the sustainable production of chemicals from renewable resources. Lignin, one of the main constituents of lignocellulose, is a heterogeneous aromatic biopolymer that can be chemically depolymerized into a heterogeneous mixture of aromatic building blocks; those can be further converted by certain microbes into value-added aromatic chemicals, e.g., the flavoring agent vanillin. We previously isolated a Pseudomonas sp. strain with the (for the genus) unusual trait of vanil- lyl alcohol production during growth on vanillin. Whole-genome sequencing of the isolate led to the identification of a vanillin reductase candidate gene whose deletion in a recombinant vanillin-accumulating P. putida strain almost completely alleviated the undesired vanillyl alcohol by-product yield. These results represent an important step toward biotechnological production of vanillin from lignin using bacterial cell factories.
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