| 1851. |
- Lourido, L., et al.
(författare)
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Serum Proteomic Profiling in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Antibody Suspension Bead Arrays
- 2021
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Ingår i: Methods in Molecular Biology. - New York, NY : Springer Nature. ; , s. 143-151
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The versatility of protein microarrays provides researchers with a wide variety of possibilities to address proteomic studies. Therefore, protein microarrays are becoming very useful tools to identify candidate biomarkers in human body fluids for disease states such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In RA serum, there is a high prevalence of rheumatoid factor (RF), which is an antibody with high specificity against Fc portion of IgG. The presence of RF, in particular RF-IgM, has the great potential to interfere with antibody-based immunoassays by nonspecifically binding capture antibodies. Because of this concern, we describe a procedure to reduce the interference of RF-IgM on RA serum protein profiling approaches based on multiplexed antibody suspension bead arrays.
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| 1852. |
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| 1853. |
- Lu, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Vesicular structures formed from barley wort proteins and iso-humulone
- 2020
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Ingår i: Food Hydrocolloids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0268-005X. ; 105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In beer, the main amphiphilic components are protein and iso-humulone. Two major populations of protein are identified as lipid transfer protein (LTP) (9.7 kDa) and protein Z (43 kDa). In this paper, protein and iso-humulone are extracted from barley malt and hop, respectively, based on the brewing process. Mixtures of protein and iso-humulone are mixed at different concentrations and centrifuged. Supernatants are analyzed by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV with multi-angle light scattering (MALS) detection as well as by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The presence of aggregates and their structures are investigated by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that protein and iso-humulone can form aggregates from molecular level by AF4-UV-MALS and SDS-PAGE. The interaction is shown as solution depletion which is analyzed by AF4-UV-MALS. With 300 mg/L iso-humulone and 3 g/L protein in bulk, the decrease of protein peak levels off. The peak of protein Z is preferentially decreased as an effect of iso-humulone being present, suggesting that interaction between these populations is favored. The iso-humulone/protein aggregates consist of both undefined irregular aggregates as well as spherical aggregates. The spherical aggregates are observed in light microscopy, SEM and TEM. From SEM, it is clear that there are two types of spherical aggregates: rough and smooth. With TEM it can be observed that the smooth aggregates consist of a thin layer of the aggregated proteins and iso-humulone enclosing a liquid domain. This structure can best be described as an iso-humulone/protein vesicle. The rough vesicles are formed by further precipitation at the surface of the smooth vesicles.
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| 1854. |
- Ludvigsson, Johnny, 1943-, et al.
(författare)
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GAD treatment and insulin secretion in recent-onset type 1 diabetes
- 2008
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - Boston, Mass : Massachusetts medical society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 359:18, s. 1909-1920
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The 65-kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is a major autoantigen in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This trial assessed the ability of alum-formulated GAD (GAD-alum) to reverse recent-onset type 1 diabetes in patients 10 to 18 years of age. Methods We randomly assigned 70 patients with type 1 diabetes who had fasting C-peptide levels above 0.1 nmol per liter (0.3 ng per milliliter) and GAD autoantibodies, recruited within 18 months after receiving the diagnosis of diabetes, to receive subcutaneous injections of 20 μg of GAD-alum (35 patients) or placebo (alum alone, 35 patients) on study days 1 and 30. At day 1 and months 3, 9, 15, 21, and 30, patients underwent a mixed-meal tolerance test to stimulate residual insulin secretion (measured as the C-peptide level). The effect of GAD-alum on the immune system was also studied. Results Insulin secretion gradually decreased in both study groups. The study treatment had no significant effect on change in fasting C-peptide level after 15 months (the primary end point). Fasting C-peptide levels declined from baseline levels significantly less over 30 months in the GAD-alum group than in the placebo group (−0.21 vs. −0.27 nmol per liter [−0.62 vs. −0.81 ng per milliliter], P = 0.045), as did stimulated secretion measured as the area under the curve (−0.72 vs. −1.02 nmol per liter per 2 hours [−2.20 vs. −3.08 ng per milliliter per 2 hours], P = 0.04). No protective effect was seen in patients treated 6 months or more after receiving the diagnosis. Adverse events appeared to be mild and similar in frequency between the two groups. The GAD-alum treatment induced a GAD-specific immune response. Conclusions GAD-alum may contribute to the preservation of residual insulin secretion in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes, although it did not change the insulin requirement. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00435981.)
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| 1855. |
- Luecken, Malte D., et al.
(författare)
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The discovAIR project : a roadmap towards the Human Lung Cell Atlas
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 60:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Human Cell Atlas (HCA) consortium aims to establish an atlas of all organs in the healthy human body at single-cell resolution to increase our understanding of basic biological processes that govern development, physiology and anatomy, and to accelerate diagnosis and treatment of disease. The Lung Biological Network of the HCA aims to generate the Human Lung Cell Atlas as a reference for the cellular repertoire, molecular cell states and phenotypes, and cell-cell interactions that characterise normal lung homeostasis in healthy lung tissue. Such a reference atlas of the healthy human lung will facilitate mapping the changes in the cellular landscape in disease. The discovAIR project is one of six pilot actions for the HCA funded by the European Commission in the context of the H2020 framework programme. discovAIR aims to establish the first draft of an integrated Human Lung Cell Atlas, combining single-cell transcriptional and epigenetic profiling with spatially resolving techniques on matched tissue samples, as well as including a number of chronic and infectious diseases of the lung. The integrated Human Lung Cell Atlas will be available as a resource for the wider respiratory community, including basic and translational scientists, clinical medicine, and the private sector, as well as for patients with lung disease and the interested lay public. We anticipate that the Human Lung Cell Atlas will be the founding stone for a more detailed understanding of the pathogenesis of lung diseases, guiding the design of novel diagnostics and preventive or curative interventions.
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| 1856. |
- Lukas, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Association Between Experimental Pain Thresholds and Trajectories of Postoperative Recovery Measures After Benign Hysterectomy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - : Dove Medical Press LTD. - 1178-7090. ; 15, s. 3657-3674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Quantitative sensory testing (QST) can be applied to quantify the sensitivity to different painful stimuli. This study aims to evaluate the association between preoperative pressure and thermal pain thresholds and trajectories of measurements of postoperative recovery (patient-reported daily maximum and average pain intensity, sum score of symptoms, and analgesic consumption) after benign hysterectomy.Patients and Methods: A prospective, longitudinal single-blinded, observational multicenter study was conducted in five hospitals in the southeast of Sweden between 2011 and 2017. A total of 406 women scheduled for abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy for benign conditions were enrolled in the study. QST measuring pressure (PPT), heat (HPT), and cold pain thresholds (CPT) were performed preoperatively. The cut-off levels for dichotomizing the pain thresholds (low/high) were set at the 25-percentile for PPT and HPT and the 75-percentile for CPT. The Swedish Postoperative Symptom Questionnaire was used to measure postoperative pain and other symptoms of discomfort (symptom sum score) on 13 occasions for six weeks postoperatively. Daily analgesic consumption of opioids and non-opioids was registered.Results: A CPT above the 75-percentile was associated with high postoperative maximum pain intensity (p = 0.04), high symptom sum score (p = 0.03) and greater consumption of non-opioids (p = 0.03). A HPT below the 25-percentile was only associated with greater consumption of non-opioids (p = 0.02). PPT was not associated with any of the outcome measures.Conclusion: CPT seemed to be predictive for postoperative pain and symptoms of discomfort after benign hysterectomy. Preoperative QST may be used to individualize the management of postoperative recovery for low pain threshold individuals.
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| 1857. |
- Luna, Gustavo, et al.
(författare)
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Infection Risks Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Fingolimod, Natalizumab, Rituximab, and Injectable Therapies
- 2020
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Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medial Association. - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 177:2, s. 184-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Although highly effective disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) have been associated with an increased risk of infections vs injectable therapies interferon beta and glatiramer acetate (GA), the magnitude of potential risk increase is not well established in real-world populations. Even less is known about infection risk associated with rituximab, which is extensively used off-label to treat MS in Sweden.Objective: To examine the risk of serious infections associated with disease-modifying treatments for MS.Design, Setting, and Participants: This nationwide register-based cohort study was conducted in Sweden from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2017. National registers with prospective data collection from the public health care system were used. All Swedish patients with relapsing-remitting MS whose data were recorded in the Swedish MS register as initiating treatment with rituximab, natalizumab, fingolimod, or interferon beta and GA and an age-matched and sex-matched general population comparator cohort were included.Exposures: Treatment with rituximab, natalizumab, fingolimod, and interferon beta and GA.Main Outcomes and Measures: Serious infections were defined as all infections resulting in hospitalization. Additional outcomes included outpatient treatment with antibiotic or herpes antiviral medications. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated in Cox regressions.Results: A total of 6421 patients (3260 taking rituximab, 1588 taking natalizumab, 1535 taking fingolimod, and 2217 taking interferon beta/GA) were included, plus a comparator cohort of 42 645 individuals. Among 6421 patients with 8600 treatment episodes, the mean (SD) age at treatment start ranged from 35.0 (10.1) years to 40.4 (10.6) years; 6186 patients were female. The crude rate of infections was higher in patients with MS taking interferon beta and GA than the general population (incidence rate, 8.9 [95% CI, 6.4-12.1] vs 5.2 [95% CI, 4.8-5.5] per 1000 person-years), and higher still in patients taking fingolimod (incidence rate, 14.3 [95% CI, 10.8-18.5] per 1000 person-years), natalizumab (incidence rate, 11.4 [95% CI, 8.3-15.3] per 1000 person-years), and rituximab (incidence rate, 19.7 [95% CI, 16.4-23.5] per 1000 person-years). After confounder adjustment, the rate remained significantly higher for rituximab (HR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.11-2.61]) but not fingolimod (HR, 1.30 [95% CI, 0.84-2.03]) or natalizumab (HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.71-1.77]) compared with interferon beta and GA. In contrast, use of herpes antiviral drugs during rituximab treatment was similar to that of interferon beta and GA and lower than that of natalizumab (HR, 1.82 [1.34-2.46]) and fingolimod (HR, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.27-2.32]).Conclusions and Relevance: Patients with MS are at a generally increased risk of infections, and this differs by treatment. The rate of infections was lowest with interferon beta and GA; among newer treatments, off-label use of rituximab was associated with the highest rate of serious infections. The different risk profiles should inform the risk-benefit assessments of these treatments.
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| 1858. |
- Lund, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Variability in exchange of CO2 across 12 northern peatland and tundra sites
- 2010
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 16:9, s. 2436-2448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many wetland ecosystems such as peatlands and wet tundra hold large amounts of organic carbon (C) in their soils, and are thus important in the terrestrial C cycle. We have synthesized data on the carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange obtained from eddy covariance measurements from 12 wetland sites, covering 1-7 years at each site, across Europe and North America, ranging from ombrotrophic and minerotrophic peatlands to wet tundra ecosystems, spanning temperate to arctic climate zones. The average summertime net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) was highly variable between sites. However, all sites with complete annual datasets, seven in total, acted as annual net sinks for atmospheric CO2. To evaluate the influence of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (R-eco) on NEE, we first removed the artificial correlation emanating from the method of partitioning NEE into GPP and R-eco. After this correction neither R-eco (P = 0.162) nor GPP (P = 0.110) correlated significantly with NEE on an annual basis. Spatial variation in annual and summertime R-eco was associated with growing season period, air temperature, growing degree days, normalized difference vegetation index and vapour pressure deficit. GPP showed weaker correlations with environmental variables as compared with R-eco, the exception being leaf area index (LAI), which correlated with both GPP and NEE, but not with R-eco. Length of growing season period was found to be the most important variable describing the spatial variation in summertime GPP and R-eco; global warming will thus cause these components to increase. Annual GPP and NEE correlated significantly with LAI and pH, thus, in order to predict wetland C exchange, differences in ecosystem structure such as leaf area and biomass as well as nutritional status must be taken into account.
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| 1859. |
- Lundberg, Peter, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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C-13 NMR spectroscopy studies of forest soil microbial activity : glucose uptake and fatty acid biosynthesis
- 2001
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 33:4-5, s. 621-632
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intimate association of soil microorganisms with the soil matrix complicates analysis of their metabolism, since thorough separation of intact cells from the matrix is very difficult using standard protocols. Thus, in the study reported here, in situ glucose decomposition and metabolism in humus from a coniferous forest soil was monitored and evaluated using ‘solution state’ 13C NMR, which can be used in a non-invasive manner. [U-13C] glucose was added at a concentration of 1.73 mmol C g−1 dry organic matter, which is known to allow maximal substrate induced respiration (SIR), and the microbial metabolism of the added C was followed over a period of 28 days. The data showed that ∼50% of the added glucose was consumed within three days, coinciding with the appearance of label in CH3, –CH2– and –CH=CH– groups, and in glycerol-carbons, suggesting that olefinic triacylglycerols were being formed, probably located in oil droplets. During days two to three, around 40% of the consumed glucose C was allocated into solid state components, about 40% was respired and about 20% was found as triglycerols. The triacylglycerol signal reached a maximum after 13 days, but subsequently declined by 60%, as the triacylglycerols were apparently consumed, by day 28 of the incubation. Our results indicate there was an initial formation of structural microbial C (solid state carbon) followed by formation of storage lipid C, which subsequently decreased, probably because it was used to provide the organisms with energy when the external energy source (i.e. the glucose) was depleted. The formation of unsaturated triacylglycerols, typical storage metabolites of eucaryotes, suggests that fungi were the most active organisms in the glucose degradation.
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| 1860. |
- Lundgren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Three replication origins in Sulfolobus species : synchronous initiation of chromosome replication and asynchronous termination
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 101:18, s. 7046-7051
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromosome replication origins were mapped in vivo in the two hyperthermophilic archaea, Sulfolobus acidocaidarius and Sulfolobus solfataricus, by using microarray-based marker frequency analysis. Bidirectional replication was found to be initiated in near synchrony from three separate sites in both organisms. Two of the three replication origins in each species were located in the vicinity of a cdc6/orc1 replication initiation gene, whereas no known replication-associated gene could be identified near the third origin in either organism. In contrast to initiation, replication termination occurred asynchronously, such that certain replication forks continued to progress for >40 min after the others had terminated. In each species, all replication forks advanced at similar DNA polymerization rates; this was found to be an order of magnitude below that displayed by Escherichia coli and thus closer to eukaryotic elongation rates. In S. acidocaidarius, a region containing short regularly spaced repeats was found to hybridize aberrantly, as compared to the rest of the chromosome, raising the possibility of a centromere-like function.
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