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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Maria H., et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties of the general self-efficacy scale in Parkinson's disease
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 132:2, s. 89-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). More specifically, we investigated data completeness, scaling assumptions, targeting, reliability, and construct validity.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involves data available from two different projects that included people diagnosed with PD for at least 1 year, yielding two samples (1 and 2). The combined total sample (N = 346; 60% men) had a mean (SD) age and PD duration of 71 (8.9) and 9 years (6.3), respectively. Both samples received a self-administered survey by mail, which was administered twice in sample 2. Additional data (e.g., clinical assessments) were available for Sample 1.RESULTS: Total GSE scores were computable for 336 participants (97%). Corrected item-total correlations exceeded 0.4. Principal component analyses identified one component (the eigenvalue of the first component extracted was 6.9), explaining 69% of the total variance. Floor and ceiling effects were < 6%. Internal consistency (coefficient alpha) was 0.95. Analyses of test-retest reliability yielded (ICC) values from 0.69 to 0.80. The highest value refers to those (n = 47) with identical self-ratings of mobility (in the on condition) at both tests; the standard error of measurement was 3.1 points. Construct validity was further supported by correlations in accordance with a priori expectations.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides support for the validity and reliability of GSE scores in people with PD; the GSE can thus serve as a valuable outcome measurement in clinical practice and research.
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| 4. |
- Sjödahl Hammarlund, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring outcomes in Parkinson's disease : a multi-perspective concept mapping study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - : Springer. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 21:3, s. 453-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify and develop a conceptual map of prioritized areas and to determine their relative importance for outcome measurement in clinical Parkinson's disease (PD) trials, from the perspectives of health care professionals and people with PD.METHOD:We used concept mapping, a qualitative/quantitative method consisting of three steps: item generation through focus groups (n = 27; 12 people with PD, 12 health care professionals, 3 researchers), item sorting and rating (n = 38; 19 people with PD, 19 health care professionals), and data analysis (multidimensional scaling, cluster analysis).RESULTS:Ninety-nine items and eight clusters were generated. Clusters representing Participation; Mobility and motor functioning; Cognitive and executive functioning; and Emotions were the most homogenous. Statements within clusters representing Energy and abilities; Autonomic dysfunctions; Sensory, speech and swallowing problems; and Neuropsychiatric symptoms also related to statements outside their respective clusters. Clusters rated most important were Participation and Mobility and motor functioning, and the highest rated items were quality of life, walking ability, and sleeping problems.CONCLUSION:By the use of concept mapping, a multi-perspective conceptual map of prioritized aspects for the outcome measurement in PD was defined. These findings provide an initial conceptual basis toward improved outcome measurement priorities in clinical PD trials.
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| 5. |
- Sjödahl Hammarlund, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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Motor and non-motor predictors of illness-related distress in Parkinson's disease
- 2012
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Ingår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 1353-8020 .- 1873-5126. ; 18:3, s. 299-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To identify motor and non-motor symptoms independently associated with distress in Parkinson's disease (PD).METHOD: Clinical and patient-reported data from 118 people with PD (mean age and PD-duration, 64 and 8 years) were analyzed regarding associations with patient-reported distress using multiple regressions (controlling for age).RESULTS: Non-motor symptoms independently associated with distress were pain, fatigue, sleep, depression and anxiety (R(2), 0.81). The only significant motor aspect was mobility (R(2), 0.31). When considering both motor and non-motor symptoms, fatigue, pain, depression and sleep showed independent associations with distress (R(2), 0.76).CONCLUSION: Distress in PD is primarily associated with non-motor features.
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| 6. |
- Argento, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges of sustainability-assurance practices : Insights from the Big 4 accounting firms
- 2023
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Ingår i: Auditing Transformation. - : Taylor and Francis Inc.. ; :1, s. 250-271
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This chapter deals with how the increased importance of sustainability, as well as more stringent regulations of sustainability reporting and assurance, act as drivers that transform the audit industry. Specifically, the purpose of this chapter is to increase the understanding of how the Big 4 accounting firms cope with the challenges of sustainability assurance by exploring the knowledge and skills that are deemed important when executing such task. Based on interviews with auditors involved in sustainability reporting audits within the Big 4, this chapter finds that sustainability assurance is challenging because the landscape of sustainability reporting is diverse and subject to regulatory changes. In addition, sustainability assurance is different from financial auditing and has so far been voluntary leading to practice variation across accounting firms. The findings indicate that sustainability auditors need knowledge of sustainability, reporting and assurance standards and regulations, as well as skillsof being adaptable, interactive, analytical, and critical. Due to the ‘regulatory tornado’, they also need to be equipped with curiosity, patience, and willingness to read and stay up to date. The indications that sustainability and financial reporting are becoming increasingly integrated call for collaboration among sustainability and financial auditors.
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| 7. |
- Bladh, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric performance of a generic walking scale (Walk-12G) in Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson's disease
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology. - Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0340-5354 .- 1432-1459. ; 259:4, s. 729-738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Walking difficulties are common in neurological and other disorders, as well as among the elderly. There is a need for reliable and valid instruments for measuring walking difficulties in everyday life since existing gait tests are clinician rated and focus on situation specific capacity. The Walk-12G was adapted from the 12-item multiple sclerosis walking scale as a generic patient-reported rating scale for walking difficulties in everyday life. The aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Walk-12G in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The Walk-12G was translated into Swedish and evaluated qualitatively among 25 people with and without various neurological and other conditions. Postal survey (MS, n = 199; PD, n = 189) and clinical (PD, n = 36) data were used to test its psychometric properties. Respondents considered the Walk-12G relevant and easy to use. Mean completion time was 3.5 min. Data completeness was good (<5% missing item responses) and tests of scaling assumptions supported summing item scores to a total score (corrected item-total correlations >0.6). Coefficient alpha and test–retest reliabilities were >0.9, and standard errors of measurement were 2.3–2.8. Construct validity was supported by correlations in accordance with a priori expectations. Results are similar to those with previous Walk-12G versions, indicating that scale adaptation was successful. Data suggest that the Walk-12G meets rating scale criteria for clinical trials, making it a valuable complement to available gait tests. Further studies involving other samples and application of modern psychometric methods are warranted to examine the scale in more detail.
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| 8. |
- Bonde, Jens Peter Ellekilde, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational risk of COVID-19 related hospital admission in Denmark 2020–2021 : a follow-up study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 49:1, s. 84-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Mounting evidence indicates increased risk of COVID-19 among healthcare personnel, but the evidence on risks in other occupations is limited. In this study, we quantify the occupational risk of COVID-19-related hospital admission in Denmark during 2020-2021.Methods: The source population included 2.4 million employees age 20-69 years. All information was retrieved from public registers. The risk of COVID-19 related hospital admission was examined in 155 occupations with at least 2000 employees (at-risk, N=1 620 231) referenced to a group of mainly office workers defined by a COVID-19 job exposure matrix (N=369 341). Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed by Poisson regression.Results: During 186 million person-weeks of follow-up, we observed 2944 COVID-19 related hospital admissions in at-risk occupations and 559 in referents. Adjusted risk of such admission was elevated in several occupations within healthcare (including health care assistants, nurses, medical practitioners and laboratory technicians but not physiotherapists or midwives), social care (daycare assistants for children aged 4-7, and nursing aides in institutions and private homes, but not family daycare workers) and transportation (bus drivers, but not lorry drivers). Most IRR in these at-risk occupations were in the range of 1.5-3. Employees in education, retail sales and various service occupations seemed not to be at risk.Conclusion: Employees in several occupations within and outside healthcare are at substantially increased risk of COVID-19. There is a need to revisit safety measures and precautions to mitigate viral transmission in the workplace during the current and forthcoming pandemics.
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| 9. |
- Cenci Nilsson, Angela, et al.
(författare)
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Dyskinesias and neural grafting in Parkinson's disease
- 2006
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Ingår i: Restorative Therapies in Parkinson's Disease. - : Springer US. - 9780387299846 - 9780387328232 ; , s. 184-224
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In the past 20 years, intracerebral transplantation of embryonic ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue has been looked upon as a particularly promising approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Among the many possible treatment options for the future, transplantation bore the promise of a truly curative approach: endogeneous, degenerating dopamine (DA) neurons would be substituted for by healthy DA-producing cells, restoring the damaged nigrostriatal circuit once and for all (Nikkhah and Brandis, 1995; Barker, 2000; Fricker-Gates et al., 2001). Hopes were fostered by the encouraging results produced by intrastriatal VM transplants both in animal models of PD (Bj?rklund, 1992; Bj?rklund and Stenevi, 1979; Herman and Abrous, 1994; Perlow et al., 1979) and in early openlabel clinical trials (Lindvall, 1994; Lindvall and Hagell, 2000 and Chapter 5). The latter showed that embryonic VM tissue can engraft in the parkinsonian striatum and provide a local source of DA storage and release. In a majority of transplanted patients the grafts were found to ameliorate many of the symptoms of PD and to reduce the need for L-DOPA pharmacotherapy (Lindvall and Hagell, 2000). In addition to their immediate implications for PD, these results also suggested that neural cell replacement could develop into a radically new treatment approach for a wide range of neurological disorders (Gage et al., 1988; Lindvall and Bj?rklund, 1992; Aichner et al., 2002; Turner and Shetty, 2003; Grisolia, 2002; Peschansky and Dunnett, 2002; Studer et al., 1998). This early enthusiasm was dampened by alarming reports from the first NIH-sponsored clinical trial of neural transplantation, where a subgroup of patients had manifested a severe and persistent form of dyskinesia at late postoperative periods (Freed et al., 2001; Greene et al., 1999; Kolata, 2001 and Chapter 6). Other reports were soon to follow indicating that dyskinesias indeed can develop as a complication of intrastriatal VM grafting (Hagell et al., 2002; Ma et al., 2002; Olanow et al., 2003). These dyskinesias are a puzzling phenomenon that had not been foreseen by experimental studies of VM transplantation in animal models. This phenomenon does not presently lend itself to any simple explanation. In fact, current pathophysiological models are inadequate to explain the emergence of dyskinesia after interventions that can provide a source of continuous DA release in the striatum. Yet, understanding this issue appears essential in order to be able to plan further application of cell-replacement therapy in PD. In this chapter, we shall first provide a general review of the clinical spectrum and pathophysiology of the dyskinesias that complicate the treatment of PD. We shall then discuss the effects of VM grafts on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias that are present prior to transplantation surgery. Thereafter, we will specifically address the issue of graft-induced dyskinesia, viz., an apparently novel clinical entity that is caused by the intrastriatal grafts themselves. Finally, we shall provide a speculative review of possible mechanisms underlying the development of dyskinesia following intrastriatal VM transplantation.
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| 10. |
- Eklöf, Anders, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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So I Sat Down with my mother : connectedness orientation and pupils’ independence
- 2009
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Ingår i: Education and Technology for a Better World. - : Springer. - 3642031145
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish educational policy underlines the importance of independence. In this paper we use socio-cultural theory and Foucault to explain how pupils’ independency is transformed into something else in their work. Our results derive from analyses of filmed sessions and entries in the pupils’ logbooks. Our findings demonstrate that the pupils’ definitions of independence differ from those of the course plan in several aspects: i) the use of certain resources is not considered to show lack of independence, ii) doing things yourself is considered being most independent and iii) to follow instructions, even if this means violating your unique personal thought, is considered a prerequisite for passing/getting good grades and as such a necessary adaption to the school context, sooner than a sign of dependency. Consequently we argue that pupil independency should be regarded as a phenomenon chiseled out within a community of practice rather than a personal capacity.
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