| 81. |
- Filser, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Are skewed sex ratios associated with violent crime? : A longitudinal analysis using Swedish register data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Evolution and human behavior. - New York : Elsevier. - 1090-5138 .- 1879-0607. ; 42:3, s. 212-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is widespread concern in both the popular and academic literature that a surplus of men in a population intensifies mating competition between men, particularly unpartnered men, resulting in increased violence towards both men and women. Recent contributions challenge this perspective and argue that male mating competition and levels of violence will be higher when sex ratios are female-skewed. Existing empirical evidence remains inconclusive. We argue that this empirical ambiguity results from analyses of aggregate-level data, which put inferences at risk of ecological fallacies. Our analysis circumvents such problems by using individual-level, longitudinal demographic register and police data for the Stockholm metropolitan area, Sweden (1990–2003, n = 758,498). These data allow us to investigate the association between municipality-level sex ratios and violent offending (homicide, assault, threat, and sexual crimes) while adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Results suggest that aggregated offending rates are negatively associated with male-skewed sex ratios, whereas individual-level violent offending correlates positively with male-skews. We find that the more-men-more-violence association holds particularly for male violence against other men, but is insignificant for violence against women. Moreover, the association is significant among childless men, but not among fathers. However, robustness checks question the causality of these associations. Female violent offending is positively, albeit due to a low number of cases, insignificantly associated with male-skews. Moreover, both male and female non-violent offending is higher in male-skewed municipalities. We discuss the implications with regard to the theoretical debate and problems of unobserved heterogeneity in the sex ratio literature.
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| 82. |
- Flygare, Erik, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Lessons From a Concurrent Evaluation of Eight Antibullying Programs Used in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Evaluation. - : SAGE Publications. - 1098-2140 .- 1557-0878. ; 34:2, s. 170-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has a low prevalence of bullying and Swedish schools are legally obliged to have anti-bullying policies. Many commercial programs are available. A mixed methods, quasi-experimental, concurrent evaluation of 8 programs, chosen from a pool of 21 widely used anti-bullying programs, was planned. Preliminary data, based on 835 stakeholder interviews, both individual and group, revealed extensive program-contamination in "treatment" schools (n = 31), and extensive program use in nominally designated control/comparison schools (n = 8). An evolved evaluation strategy focused on arrays of program components, use of which was assessed through detailed qualitative data gathered from principals, teaching and non-teaching staff, anti-bullying teams, and pupils. Bullying victimization, Grades 4-9, in 39 schools, was assessed by questionnaire, administered in three waves. Responserates were 76.1% (with N = 10,919) at the first wave, 74.3% (of 10,660) at the second wave, and70.6% (of 10,523) at the final wave. Longitudinal aggregate and individual outcomes (3,487 pupils answered all three questionnaires) were assessed. Prevalence of victimization was 8.1% at first wave and (7.4% at last). Based on individual data, persistent victimization (bullied at both waves) was estimated at 1.5% with 4.7% experiencing a worsening situation (not bullied at the first wave but bullied at last) and 4.8% with an improved situation. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to designate intervention types (shared arrays of strong, weak, or absent component use) and schools with similar approaches. A quasi-experimental, longitudinal design with individual data and an aggregate cross-sectional follow-up indicated differences in effective, ineffective, and iatrogenic components, component clusters (intervention types), and successful schools.
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| 83. |
- Fläckman, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Despite shattered expectations a willingness to care for elders remains with education and clinical supervision
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 21:3, s. 379-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to describe nursing home (NH) caregivers' work experiences while receiving education and clinical supervision for 2 years. Working in elder care seems to be losing its attraction especially with organizational changes, cutbacks and changes in work place conditions. Clinical supervision has been reported to increase job satisfaction and creativity. Semi-structured interviews from caregivers working at an NH in Sweden were conducted, at the start and again at 12 and 24 months. At about 12 months the caregivers were informed of planned cutbacks. Content analysis was the method used to analyse the interviews from seven caregivers who participated throughout the entire period. Findings show that the value of a caring milieu was one category generated by the subcategories: experiences related to work activities and changes, and experiences related to relationships. The value of knowledge was the other category that was influenced by the experiences related to the different backgrounds and the experiences related to increased knowledge gained from the support through education and clinical supervision. The categories contained positive as well as negative influences on care. The initial focus on practical duties associated with the opening of the NH shifted towards caregiver activities with the elders they spoke warmly about. After 2 years the caregivers' willingness to care continued despite their disappointment in the worsened working conditions. The main theme that resulted was: Despite shattered expectations a willingness to care for elders remained. Continued education and clinical supervision seems to be one factor behind the retained willingness. These findings demonstrate that support and caregiver involvement in educational programmes are important during times of change and when disappointments arise in the workplace.
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| 84. |
- Fläckman, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Struggling to adapt : caring for older persons while under threat of organizational change and termination notice
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nursing Inquiry. - : Wiley. - 1320-7881 .- 1440-1800. ; 16:1, s. 82-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- FLACKMAN B, HANSEBO G and KIHLGREN A. Nursing Inquiry 2009; 16: 82-91 Struggling to adapt: caring for older persons while under threat of organizational change and termination notice Organizational changes are common in elder care today. Such changes affect caregivers, who are essential to providing good quality care. The aim of the present study was to illuminate caregivers' experiences of working in elder care while under threat of organizational change and termination notice. Qualitative content analysis was used to examine interview data from 11 caregivers. Interviews were conducted at three occasions during a two-year period. The findings show a transition in their experiences from 'having a professional identity and self-confidence', to 'being a professional in a threatening situation caused by someone else' and to 'struggling to adapt to a changed working environment as a person and a professional'. The caregivers experienced a loss of pride and satisfaction. Previous literature indicates that this may have consequences for the quality of care and that employees may be at risk of negative health effects. However, the caregivers continued to struggle, doing their best to complete their duties. The study has implications for high-level decision-makers, managers and caregivers in similar work-life situations in that it deals with factors that facilitate or impede similar transitions.
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| 85. |
- Frostenson, Magnus, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational sustainability identity : Constructing oneself as sustainable
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 38:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the literature, organizational sustainability identity tends to be treated as something that is ‘engineered’ within business organizations through control, reporting, target setting, strategic communication, and other instruments. Through a case study of a company mainly active within the recycling industry, an alternative understanding is given. A distinct organizational sustainability identity is, rather, a social construct based on perceptions of the core operations as “sustainable in themselves” and collaborative work with customers that is perceived as entailing sustainable solutions. Understood in this way, organizational sustainability identity has relatively little to do with formal controls such as codes, policies, reports used by management to position the company as sustainable. Rather, for organizational members, the process of constructing oneself as sustainable builds on convictions about the core operations and the possession of specific capabilities manifested in customer relations. The article adds to current literature through its constructivistic approach and through identifying underlying beliefs that condition the process of forming an organizational sustainability identity.
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| 86. |
- Geidne, Susanna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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How can sport clubs for non-disabled youth include children and adolescents with disabilities?
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe obesity and a sedentary leisure-time are more common among young people and adults with disabilities than in the rest of the population. Young people with disabilities participate in sports to a lesser extent than other adolescents. That physical activity has positive effects on children and adolescents, such as reduced risk of diabetes, overweight and obesity, anxiety and depression are understood. The positive effects of participation in organized sport and physical activity are at least as great for children and young people with disabilities as children and young people without disabilities. One of the most important tasks of various actors is to find ways to increase physical activity and the health of children and youth with disabilities. Sports clubs are identified as potential and attractive environments for physical activity, but also for social and mental health. The reasons why children and young people with disabilities participate to a lower extent in organized sport is complex and barriers can be deriving from many different levels. However, barriers have been studied more than what can facilitate participation in organized sport. Therefor the aim of this study is to present the first results from a systematic international and scientific literature review of how sport clubs for non-disabled youth can include children and adolescents with disabilities in their activities.Articles (with inclusion criteria of studies focusing on children and adolescents, disability, physical activity, engagement in organized sports, inclusive sport settings) from a 20 years period were selected. Studies with topics that concerned physical education, medical, physical activity without an organized sport agenda, elite sport or equipment issues were excluded. The results will focus on which type of sport, target group and countries the examples are from, but foremost on how sport clubs for non-disabled youth actually do to include children and adolescents with disabilities in their activities.It is essential to establish a knowledge base for effective interventions towards the target group at hand. If more children and youth with disabilities participate in organized sports several positive health benefits can be achieved.
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| 87. |
- Geidne, Susanna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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How sports clubs include children and adolescents with disabilities in their activities. A systematic search of peer-reviewed articles
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sport Science Review. - Bucharest, Romania : Institutul National de Cercetare Pentru Sport. - 2066-8732 .- 2069-7244. ; XXV:1-2, s. 29-52
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young people with disabilities participate in sports to a lesser extent than other adolescents. That physical activity has positive effects on young people are understood. Sports clubs are identified as potential environments for physical activity. The reasons why young people with disabilities participate to a lower extent in organized sport is complex and barriers can be deriving from many different levels. However, barriers have been studied more than what can facilitate participation in organized sport. Therefor the aim of this study is to increase the understanding of how sports clubs include children and adolescents with disabilities in their activities. The results of this systematic search are presented using the three research questions: What are the characteristics of the sports clubs that include young people with disabilities?; How are the young people with disabilities included in sports clubs’ activities?; and finally Why are young people with disabilities included in the sports activities?. A vision must be to go from adapting physical activity for disabled persons to adapting physical activity for all people, because the diversity of people’s reasons for doing sports, their differing backgrounds and their uniqueness all demand it. This will result in more people doing sports for longer in life.
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| 88. |
- Geidne, Susanna, Docent, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Jämlik idrott och funktionsnedsättningar
- 2019
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Ingår i: Idrotten och (o)jämlikheten. - Stockholm : Centrum för idrottsforskning. - 9789198405040 ; , s. 133-148
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Hur kan föreningsidrotten passa alla oavsett förutsättningar? Forskning visar att föreningar måste bli bättre på att anpassa ordinarie aktiviteter, snarare än att skilja grupper åt. En jämlik idrottsrörelse kräver en mångfald av aktiviteter - alla vinner på att all organiserad idrott inte ser likadan ut.
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| 89. |
- Grimbeek, Marinette, 1982-
(författare)
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Girls Making Families : Agential Assemblage in Nnedi Okorafor’s Speculative Fiction
- 2023
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Ingår i: Populating the Future. - Gävle, Sweden : Kriterium/Gävle University Press. - 9789189593060 - 9789189593077 - 9789189593084 - 9789189593091 ; , s. 133-156
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A girl or young woman facing new or dangerous challenges without the support of a family is a recurring motif in Nnedi Okorafor’s multiple award-winning fiction. Okorafor’s protagonists tend to reinvent traditional conceptions of families and create new family constellations through assemblage. These may include members of different human tribes, or even extraterrestrial, engineered or magical nonhuman creatures – and such assemblages are driven by the desire to find new ways of being in the world and relating to others. This chapter examines the kinmaking strategies of four of Okorafor’s protagonists to show how they form cross-culture and cross-species kinships. Binti, Onyesonwu, Phoenix, and Fatima/Sankofa all reinterpret traditions and create new families ranging beyond biological reproduction or kinship ties. To some extent, all the texts under discussion here could be classified as coming-of-age stories, in which assembled families complement and often replace biological families; the assembled families populating Okorafor’s texts are both vehicles of individual agency and utopian expressions of malleable traditions in an ecologically fragile world fraught with racial tension. Although agential assemblage through naming and storytelling has utopian implications in Who Fears Death (2010) and the Binti Trilogy (2015–18), assemblage is also central in the death and dying in The Book of Phoenix (2015) and Remote Control (2021). The assembled families populating Okorafor’s fiction are both vehicles of individual agency and utopian expressions of malleable traditions in an ecologically fragile world fraught with racial tension. Assemblage thus seems central to Okorafor’s utopian Africanfuturist impetus, and the chapter therefore concludes with a brief reflection on the role of narration in Okorafor’s agential assemblages.
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| 90. |
- Grylin, Hanna, 1984-
(författare)
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Passivitetsrätten vid skattetillägg
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When a taxpayer fails to fulfill the obligation in Chapter 30 Section 1 and Chapter 31 Section 3 of the Swedish Tax Procedure Act, skatteförfarandelagen (2011:1244), the STPA, to submit information about his or her taxable income, he or she becomes liable to pay a tax surcharge. Decisions about tax surcharges can be made in both administrative and criminal proceedings. In fact, decisions on tax surcharges may be made due to a taxpayer’s passiveness during a criminal tax procedure, regardless of the intent. However, the European Court on Human Rights has established that a person’s silence is not, in itself, sufficient proof for a conviction. This causes a tension between the obligation to submit information about taxable income and the right to silence and the right against self-incrimination in the Swedish tax surcharge procedure.The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relationship between the Swedish system of tax surcharge and the right to silence and the right against self-incrimination according to the ECHR, the EU Charter, Article 3 Section 1 (e) of Directive 2012/13/EU and Article 7 of Directive 2016/343/EU. The method used to analyze these problems and discuss solutions combines a legal dogmatic method with an autonomous interpretation of the right to silence and the right against self-incrimination. The analysis shows that problems occur after the point where a taxpayer has been charged with a criminal offence according to the autonomous meaning of the concept. This point in time corresponds to the point in time when action is taken by the Swedish Tax Agency that has a substantial impact on the taxpayer. The analysis also shows that if a tax surcharge is levied only because of a taxpayer’s silence, after that point, there has been a violation of the right to silence and the right against self-incrimination according to the autonomous meaning.The conclusion of the thesis is that there is a need for an amendment to the STPA, which reinforces the autonomous meaning of the right to silence and the right against self-incrimination in the Swedish tax surcharge procedure. This includes new rules in the STPA, which define 1) a duty for the Swedish Tax Agency to inform taxpayers about the right to silence and the right against selfincrimination, 2) the scope of the taxpayer’s obligation to submit information about taxable income in relation to the right to silence and the right against selfincrimination and 3) rules on exemption from tax surcharge when it violates the right to silence and the right against self-incrimination.
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