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- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Kontinuerliga tvåfraktionsinsamlare för övervakning av partikulära luftföroreningar i arbetsmiljö
- 1981
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rapporten beskriver prototyper av kontinuerliga tvåfraktionsinsamlare för övervakning av partikulära luftföroreningar i arbetsmiljö som har konstruerats. En prototyp är personburen och ger möjligheter till insamling av två partikelstorleksfraktioner i 18 diskreta intervall. PIXE-metoden (analys med partikelinducerad röntgenstrålning) används för multielementanalys av de erhållna proven. Även med mycket korta insamlingstider, ner till 5 minuter, blir detektionsgränserna för de flesta element av yrkeshygieniskt intresse väsentligt lägre än sina respektive hygieniska gränsvärden. Rapporten inkluderar resultat från en enkel fältmätning som utgör ett exempel på de möjligheter den personburna provtagaren ger för yrkeshygieniska mätningar och undersökningar
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- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(author)
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MeV Protons for the Characterization of Aerosols in Work Environments
- 1981
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In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 181:1-3, s. 459-463
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper the advantages of accelerator-based chemical analysis of work environment aerosols are discussed. Use of the PIXE method is central, but in order to take full advantage of the possibilities of an accelerator laboratory, it should be combined with nuclear methods such as particle-induced nuclear reactions and/or particle scattering for simultaneous measurements of light elements. It is also important to develop optimum sampling techniques for the analytical methods required. Some information about the current set-up in Lund is given. In a companion paper, the potential of PIXE for work environment tasks is illustrated by a summary of the design of two major studies. Some results are also included.
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- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Personal Aerosol Sampler with Size Fractionation and Time Resolution
- 1982
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In: Aerosols in the Mining and Industrial Work Environment. ; 3, s. 907-917
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter describes a personal aerosol sampler with size fractionation and time resolution that gives samples for elemental analysis. An impaction stage collects coarse particles and a filtration stage collects finer ones. Sampling in consecutive time intervals is performed on different impaction and filtration surfaces. These sampling surfaces corresponding, for example, to 15-min intervals, may be analyzed with particle-induced X-ray emission analysis (PIXE) for fast, low-cost determination of most of the elements of hygienic interest that are present in aerosols in concentrations far below their current threshold limit values (TLV). The sampler is intended to be used for aerosol measurements in work environments to obtain detailed information on exposures.
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- Carlsson, Lars-Eric, et al.
(author)
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Miljöanalys med hjälp av kärnfysikalisk teknik - PIXE
- 1981
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In: Ordo. - 0345-8970. ; 15:3, s. 3-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Under de senaste tio åren har en känslig analysmetod för grundämnen utvecklats vid institutionen för kärnfysik vid LTH. Metoden kallas PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emisson) och medger att mycket små förekomster (109 – 1012 g) av grundämnen kanbestämmas i små prov. Metoden är snabb. Ett par minuters analys ger en samtidig bestämning av ett stort antal grundämnen. Analysmetoden används nu i ett stort antal laboratorier runt om i världen och har funnit tillämpning inom en rad olika områden såsom medicin, biologi, yrkes- och omgivningshygien, meteorologi, geologi samt arkeologi. I Lund har metoden huvudsakligen använts för omfattande studier av föroreningar i arbetsmiljö och yttre miljö, varför vi först redogör för vårt arbete inom dessa tillämpningsområden, varefter vi beskriver de fysikaliska principerna för analysmetoden och utvecklingsarbetet med den.
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- Carlsson, Lars-Eric, et al.
(author)
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PIXE Analysis of Samples of Intermediate Thickness
- 1981
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In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 181:1-3, s. 179-183
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A procedure for making accurate matrix corrections in PIXE analyses of samples of intermediate thickness has been developed. The transmission of a collimated X-ray beam through different parts of the sample is measured with a Si(Li) detector to determine the thickness and shape of the sample. Experiments have been performed using uniform polymer foils doped with known concentrations of different elements and with thicknesses ranging from 1.5 to 11 mg/cm2. The results from these samples indicate that the accuracy of the correction procedure is better than 5%. The correction procedure has been applied to, e.g., samples obtained in single orifice cascade impactors.
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- Forslind, Bo, et al.
(author)
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Elemental Analysis on Freeze-Dried Sections of Human Skin: Studies by Electron Microprobe and Particle Induced X-Ray Emission Analysis
- 1984
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In: Scanning Electron Microscopy. - 0586-5581. ; , s. 755-759
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The possibility of using the proton microprobe (PMP) in the elemental analysis of dermatological material, under conditions where the spatial resolution can be restricted to a few micrometers, was demonstrated. Comparison with the electron microprobe (EMP) technique using duplicate sections from the same human skin biopsies revealed that the PMP and EMP techniques are complementary and yield closely corresponding elemental distributions for elements of dermatological interest. The concentrations of phosphorus and potassium were low in the dermis, high in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum, and decreased markedly in the stratum granulosum to a low level in the stratum corneum. The sulfur concentration was highest in the stratum corneum.
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