| 41. |
- Bertilsson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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The power of using automatic device optimization, based on iterative device simulation, in design of high-performance devices
- 2004
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Ingår i: Solid-State Electronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-1101 .- 1879-2405. ; 48:10-11, s. 1721-1725
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An automatic optimization tool for semiconductor devices based on iterative device simulations is developed. The tool is used for optimization of different kinds of semiconductor devices using various performance measures. High performance optimization algorithms, both local and global, are used to achieve an efficient design in shortest possible time. In this paper the effects of different optimization algorithms, performance measures, and number of variables in the optimization are studied. Both the computational efficiency and the devices achieved with different performance measures are studied. We give a demonstration of the usefulness of this method in a comparison between different device topologies, which have been optimized for best performance.
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| 42. |
- Bettelli, Mercedes, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable Wheat Protein Biofoams : Dry Upscalable Extrusion at Low Temperature
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 23:12, s. 5116-5126
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glycerol-plasticized wheat gluten was explored for producing soft high-density biofoams using dry upscalable extrusion (avoiding purposely added water). The largest pore size was obtained when using the food grade ammonium bicarbonate (ABC) as blowing agent, also resulting in the highest saline liquid uptake. Foams were, however, also obtained without adding a blowing agent, possibly due to a rapid moisture uptake by the dried protein powder when fed to the extruder. ABC's low decomposition temperature enabled extrusion of the material at a temperature as low as 70 °C, well below the protein aggregation temperature. Sodium bicarbonate (SBC), the most common food-grade blowing agent, did not yield the same high foam qualities. SBC's alkalinity, and the need to use a higher processing temperature (120 °C), resulted in high protein cross-linking and aggregation. The results show the potential of an energy-efficient and industrially upscalable low-temperature foam extrusion process for competitive production of sustainable biofoams using inexpensive and readily available protein obtained from industrial biomass (wheat gluten).
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| 43. |
- Bichler, Robert M., et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable development and ICTs
- 2010
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Ingår i: Information, Communication and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-118X .- 1468-4462. ; 13:1, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 44. |
- Birdsong, Björn K., et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale synthesis of 2D-silica (SiOx) nanosheets using graphene oxide (GO) as a template material
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 15:31, s. 13037-13048
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphene oxide (GO) was used in this study as a template to successfully synthesize silicon oxide (SiOx) based 2D-nanomaterials, adapting the same morphological features as the GO sheets. By performing a controlled condensation reaction using low concentrations of GO (<0.5 wt%), the study shows how to obtain 2D-nanoflakes, consisting of GO-flakes coated with a silica precursor that were ca. 500 nm in lateral diameter and ca. 1.5 nm in thickness. XPS revealed that the silanes had linked covalently with the GO sheets at the expense of the oxygen groups present on the GO surface. The GO template was shown to be fully removable through thermal treatment without affecting the nanoflake morphology of the pure SiOx-material, providing a methodology for large-scale preparation of SiOx-based 2D nanosheets with nearly identical dimensions as the GO template. The formation of SiOx sheets using a GO template was investigated for two different silane precursors, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), showing that both precursors were capable of accurately templating the graphene oxide template. Molecular modeling revealed that the choice of silane affected the number of layers coated on the GO sheets. Furthermore, rheological measurements showed that the relative viscosity was significantly affected by the specific surface area of the synthesized particles. The protocol used showed the ability to synthesize these types of nanoparticles using a common aqueous alcohol solvent, and yield larger amounts (∼1 g) of SiOx-sheets than what has been previously reported.
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| 45. |
- Björklund, Glenn, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Biomechanical Adaptations and Performance Indicators in Short Trail Running
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-042X. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aims were to measure anthropometric and oxygen uptake ((V)over dot O-2) variables in the laboratory, to measure kinetic and stride characteristics during a trail running time trial, and then analyse the data for correlations with trail running performance. Runners (13 men, 4 women: mean age: 29 +/- 5 years; stature: 179.5 +/- 0.8 cm; body mass: 69.1 +/- 7.4 kg) performed laboratory tests to determine (V)over dot O-2 (max), running economy (RE), and anthropometric characteristics. On a separate day they performed an outdoor trail running time trial (two 3.5 km laps, total climb: 486 m) while we collected kinetic and time data. Comparing lap 2 with lap 1 (19:40 +/- 1:57 min vs. 21:08 +/- 2:09 min, P < 0.001), runners lost most time on the uphill sections and least on technical downhills (-2.5 +/- 9.1 s). Inter-individual performance varied most for the downhills (CV > 25%) and least on flat terrain (CV < 10%). Overall stride cycle and ground contact time (GCT) were shorter in downhill than uphill sections (0.64 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.84 +/- 0.09 s; 0.26 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.46 +/- 0.90 s, both P < 0.001). Force impulse was greatest on uphill (248 +/- 46 vs. 175 +/- 24 Ns, P < 0.001) and related to GCT (r = 0.904, P < 0.001). Peak force was greater during downhill than during uphill running (1106 +/- 135 vs. 959 +/- 104 N, P < 0.01). Performance was related to absolute and relative (V)over dot O-2 (max) (P < 0.01), vertical uphill treadmill speed (P < 0.001) and fat percent (P < 0.01). Running uphill involved the greatest impulse per step due to longer GCT while downhill running generated the highest peak forces. (V)over dot O-2 (max), vertical running speed and fat percent are important predictors for trail running performance. Performance between runners varied the most on downhills throughout the course, while pacing resembled a reversed J pattern. Future studies should focus on longer competition distances to verify these findings and with application of measures of 3D kinematics.
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| 46. |
- Björklund, Glenn, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Låt underlaget bestämma löpsteget
- 2014
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Ingår i: Svensk Idrottsforskning. - 1103-4629. ; :4, s. 8-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 47. |
- Blomfeldt, Thomas O. J., et al.
(författare)
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Thermal Conductivity and Combustion Properties of Wheat Gluten Foams
- 2012
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 4:3, s. 1629-1635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freeze-dried wheat gluten foams were evaluated with respect to their thermal and fire-retardant properties, which are important for insulation applications. The thermal properties were assessed by differential scanning calorimetry, the laser flash method and a hot plate method. The unplasticised foam showed a similar specific heat capacity, a lower thermal diffusivity and a slightly higher thermal conductivity than conventional rigid polystyrene and polyurethane insulation foams. Interestingly, the thermal conductivity was similar to that of closed cell polyethylene and glass-wool insulation materials. Cone calorimetry showed that, compared to a polyurethane foam, both unplasticised and glycerol-plasticised foams had a significantly longer time to ignition, a lower effective heat of combustion and a higher char content. Overall, the unplasticised foam showed better fire-proof properties than the plasticized foam. The UL 94 test revealed that the unplasticised foam did not drip (form droplets of low viscous material) and, although the burning times varied, self-extinguished after flame removal. To conclude both the insulation and fire-retardant properties were very promising for the wheat gluten foam.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Borg, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Organization of Laundry Facility Types and Energy Use in Owner-Occupied Multi-Family Buildings in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 6:6, s. 3843-3860
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The way in which we plan and produce buildings today will influence our energy consumption in the future. This paper explores how the types of laundry facilities provided in owner-occupied multi-family buildings in Sweden have changed since the 1990s and seeks to draw attention to how this may impact energy consumption for laundry. Three factors are analyzed that influence energy consumption: the number of laundry appliances, energy performance in laundry appliances and user demand for laundry. The results indicate that there has been a change in building practices, from the domination of communal laundry rooms towards in-unit laundry facilities. The findings imply that the changes in provision of laundry facilities increase the number of appliances but do not necessarily increase energy consumption during the usage phase depending on energy performance and user behavior. Thus, developers should consider laundry facility organization when designing multi-family buildings in order to optimize the use of space and resources, given user demand and building regulations. This paper is exploratory in nature and indicates a shift in building practices that up until now has been undocumented in a research context which in turn opens up for many new research questions related to resource use but also related to the economics of developers, housing firms and households.
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| 50. |
- Bosk, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Applying privacy-enhancing technologies : One alternative future of protests
- 2018
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Ingår i: Protests in the Information Age. - : Taylor & Francis. - 9781351815437 - 9780415791403 ; , s. 73-94
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While current technologies, such as online social networks, can facilitate coordination and communication for protest organization, they can also endanger political activists when the control over their data is ceded to third parties. For technology to be useful for activism, it needs to be trustworthy and protect the users’ privacy; only then can it be viewed as a potential improvement over more traditional, offline methods. Here, we discuss a selection of such privacy-enhancing technologies from a Computer Science perspective in an effort to open a dialogue and elicit input from other perspectives.
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