| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Brownrigg, J R W, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of bedside investigations to diagnose peripheral artery disease among people with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Diabetes/Metabolism Research & Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1520-7552.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-invasive tests for the detection of peripheral artery disease (PAD) among individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) are important to estimate the risk of amputation, ulceration, wound healing and presence of cardiovascular disease, yet there are no consensus recommendations to support a particular diagnostic modality over another. To evaluate the performance of index non-invasive diagnostic tests against reference standard imaging techniques (magnetic resonance angiography, computed tomography angiography, digital subtraction-angiography, colour duplex ultrasound) for the detection of PAD among patients with diabetes. Two reviewers independently screened potential studies for inclusion and extracted study data. Eligible studies evaluated an index test for PAD against a reference test. An assessment of methodological quality was performed using the quality assessment for diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) instrument. Of 6629 studies identified, 10 met the criteria for inclusion. In these studies the patients had a median age of 60-74 years and a median duration of diabetes of 9-24 years. Two studies reported exclusively on patients with symptomatic (ulcerated/ infected) feet, two on patients with asymptomatic (intact) feet only, and the remaining six on patients both with and without foot ulceration. Ankle brachial index (ABI) was the most widely assessed index test. Overall, the positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) of an ABI threshold <0.9 ranged from 2 to 25 (median 8) and <0.1 to 0.7 (median 0.3), respectively. In patients with neuropathy the NLR of the ABI was generally higher (2 out of 3 studies) indicating poorer performance, and ranged between 0.3-0.5. A toe brachial index (TBI) <0.75 was associated with a median PLR and NLR of 3 and ≤0.1, respectively, and was less affected by neuropathy in one study. Also, in two separate studies pulse oximetry used to measure the oxygen saturation of peripheral blood and Doppler wave form analyses had NLRs of 0.2 and <0.1. The reported performance of ABI for the diagnosis of PAD in patients with DM is variable and is adversely affected by the presence of neuropathy. Limited evidence suggests that TBI, pulse oximetry and wave form analysis may be superior to ABI for diagnosing PAD in patients with neuropathy with and without foot ulcers. There was insufficient data to support the adoption of one particular diagnostic modality over another and no comparisons existed with clinical examination. The quality of studies evaluating diagnostic techniques for the detection of PAD in individuals with diabetes is poor. Improved compliance with guidelines for methodological quality is needed in future studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
- Brownrigg, J. R. W., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-based Management of PAD & the Diabetic Foot
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-2165 .- 1078-5884. ; 45:6, s. 673-681
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and represents the leading cause of hospitalization in patients with diabetes. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), present in half of patients with DFU, is an independent predictor of limb loss and can be difficult to diagnose in a diabetic population. This review focuses on the evidence for therapeutic strategies in the management of patients with DFU. We highlight the importance of timely referral of patients presenting with a new foot ulcer to a multidisciplinary team, which includes vascular surgeons and interventional radiologists. (C) 2013 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
- Brownstein, Catherine A., et al.
(författare)
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An international effort towards developing standards for best practices in analysis, interpretation and reporting of clinical genome sequencing results in the CLARITY Challenge
- 2014
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 15:3, s. R53-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is tremendous potential for genome sequencing to improve clinical diagnosis and care once it becomes routinely accessible, but this will require formalizing research methods into clinical best practices in the areas of sequence data generation, analysis, interpretation and reporting. The CLARITY Challenge was designed to spur convergence in methods for diagnosing genetic disease starting from clinical case history and genome sequencing data. DNA samples were obtained from three families with heritable genetic disorders and genomic sequence data were donated by sequencing platform vendors. The challenge was to analyze and interpret these data with the goals of identifying disease-causing variants and reporting the findings in a clinically useful format. Participating contestant groups were solicited broadly, and an independent panel of judges evaluated their performance. Results: A total of 30 international groups were engaged. The entries reveal a general convergence of practices on most elements of the analysis and interpretation process. However, even given this commonality of approach, only two groups identified the consensus candidate variants in all disease cases, demonstrating a need for consistent fine-tuning of the generally accepted methods. There was greater diversity of the final clinical report content and in the patient consenting process, demonstrating that these areas require additional exploration and standardization. Conclusions: The CLARITY Challenge provides a comprehensive assessment of current practices for using genome sequencing to diagnose and report genetic diseases. There is remarkable convergence in bioinformatic techniques, but medical interpretation and reporting are areas that require further development by many groups.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Brownwood, B., et al.
(författare)
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Gas-Particle Partitioning and SOA Yields of Organonitrate Products from NO3-Initiated Oxidation of Isoprene under Varied Chemical Regimes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acs Earth and Space Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2472-3452. ; 5:4, s. 785-800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkyl nitrate (AN) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the reaction of nitrate radicals (NO3) with isoprene were observed in the Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction (SAPHIR) chamber during the NO(3)Isop campaign in August 2018. Based on 15 day-long experiments under various reaction conditions, we conclude that the reaction has a nominally unity molar AN yield (observed range 90 +/- 40%) and an SOA mass yield of OA + organic nitrate aerosol of 13-15% (with similar to 50 mu g m(-3) inorganic seed aerosol and 2-5 mu g m-3 total organic aerosol). Isoprene (5-25 ppb) and oxidant (typically similar to 100 ppb O-3 and 5-25 ppb NO2) concentrations and aerosol composition (inorganic and organic coating) were varied while remaining close to ambient conditions, producing similar AN and SOA yields under all regimes. We observe the formation of dinitrates upon oxidation of the second double bond only once the isoprene precursor is fully consumed. We determine the bulk partitioning coefficient for ANs (K-p similar to 10(-3) m(3) mu g(-1)), indicating an average volatility corresponding to a C-5 hydroxy hydroperoxy nitrate.
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| 18. |
- Cöster, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of insight and manoeuvre inertia on information technology investments and strategic change
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Management and Decision Making. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1462-4621 .- 1741-5187. ; 13:3, s. 250-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IT is transforming the global economy. The technology may inspireas well as hinder the development of business strategies. The concept oforganisational inertia highlights factors that prevent organisations from makingchanges necessary to realise such strategies. In this article, writings on theinertia concept are summarised and used as a framework to analyse howorganisational inertia influences decisions on IT investments and strategicchange. The empirical data consists of minutes from board meetings regardinginvestments in information technology (IT) in a Swedish newspaper andprinting company during the years 1971–1989. The analysis shows that it wasvarious aspects of manoeuvre inertia that postponed the necessary changes totake place and furthermore that the frame of reference used still is valid in orderto analyse and understand organisational inertia. To a manager in a businessworld that is in a state of constant change (often spurred by various ITinnovations), the inertia concept can contribute to deepening the analysis offactors that may influence the change necessary to realise the full potential ofan IT investment.
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| 19. |
- Dragisic, Zlatan
(författare)
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Completing the Is-a Structure in Description Logics Ontologies
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The World Wide Web contains large amounts of data and in most cases this data is without any explicit structure. The lack of structure makes it difficult for automated agents to understand and use such data. A step towards a more structured World Wide Web is the idea of the Semantic Web which aims at introducing semantics to data on the World Wide Web. One of the key technologies in this endeavour are ontologies which provide means for modeling a domain of interest.Developing and maintaining ontologies is not an easy task and it is often the case that defects are introduced into ontologies. This can be a problem for semantically-enabled applications such as ontology-based querying. Defects in ontologies directly influence the quality of the results of such applications as correct results can be missed and wrong results can be returned.This thesis considers one type of defects in ontologies, namely the problem of completing the is-a structure in ontologies represented in description logics. We focus on two variants of description logics, the EL family and ALC, which are often used in practice.The contributions of this thesis are as follows. First, we formalize the problem of completing the is-a structure as a generalized TBox abduction problem (GTAP) which is a new type of abduction problem in description logics. Next, we provide algorithms for solving GTAP in the EL family and ALC description logics. Finally, we describe two implemented systems based on the introduced algorithms. The systems were evaluated in two experiments which have shown the usefulness of our approach. For example, in one experiment using ontologies from the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 58 and 94 detected missing is-a relations were repaired by adding 54 and 101 is-a relations, respectively, introducing new knowledge to the ontologies.
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| 20. |
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