| 3581. |
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| 3582. |
- Tengvald, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Implementering the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) in Swedish human services sectors : Experiences, problems and prospects
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Taylor and Francis. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 9:3-4, s. 163-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, agencies within both the health services and the social services sectors are responsible for treatment, rehabilitation and care of persons with substance‐abuse problems. Also in the prison and probation system such problems are common among clients. The article describes how a Swedish version of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was developed and introduced in these three systems in the late 1990s and the extent of its implementation in regular practice. The ASI is now used for treatment‐planning and outcome‐evaluation purposes and not only for research purposes in Swedish substance‐abuse treatment agencies. A comparison of the implementation of the ASI in the three human services sectors indicates that the top‐down implementation strategies used in the prison and probation system have some important benefits, when compared with bottom‐up strategies, although such strategies are more conducive to dissemination in more decentralized human services systems. But several implementation barriers are common in all three services sectors—for example, high levels of staff turnover and competition with other structured assessment instruments. It is concluded that the prospects for a more widespread use of the ASI in the future depends—in all three human services sectors—both on the external demands for effectiveness and transparency and on internal, particularly managerial, commitment to effective services and evidence‐based practice.
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| 3583. |
- Terao, Yasuo, et al.
(författare)
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Engagement of gaze in capturing targets for future sequential manual actions.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurophysiology. - 0022-3077 .- 1522-1598. ; 88:4, s. 1716-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the role of saccadic gaze fixations in encoding target locations for planning a future manual task consisting of a sequence of discrete target-oriented actions. We hypothesized that fixations of the individual targets are necessary for accurate encoding of target locations and that there is a transfer of sequence information from visual encoding to manual recall. Subjects viewed four targets presented at random positions on a screen. After various delays following target extinction, the subjects marked the remembered target locations on the screen with the tip of a hand-held stick. When the targets were presented simultaneously among distracting elements, the overall accuracy of marking increased with presentation time and total number of targets fixated because the subjects had to serially fixate the individual targets to locate them. Without distractors, the marking accuracy was similarly high regardless of duration of target presentation (0.25-8 s) and number of targets fixated; it was comparable to that with distractors when all four targets had been fixated. This indicates parallel encoding of target locations largely based on peripheral vision. Location memory was stable in these tasks over the delay periods investigated (0.5-8 s). With parallel encoding there was a "shrinkage" in the visuomotor transformation, i.e., the distances between the markings were systematically smaller than the corresponding inter-target distances. When the targets were presented sequentially without distractors, marking accuracy improved with the total number of targets fixated and shrinkage in the visuomotor transformation occurred only with parallel encoding, i.e., when subjects did not fixate the targets. In all experimental conditions for trials in which targets were fixated during encoding, there was little correspondence between the marking sequence and the sequence in which the targets were fixated. We conclude that subjects benefit from fixating targets for subsequent target-oriented manual actions when the targets are presented among distractors and when presented sequentially; when distinct targets are presented simultaneously against a blank background, they are efficiently encoded in parallel largely by peripheral vision.
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| 3584. |
- Teterukovskiy, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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Contextual reclassification of multispectral images : a Markov Random Field approach
- 2002
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Ingår i: Information Processes. - 1819-5822. ; 2:1, s. 12-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents methods for multispectral image classification using the contextual classifiersbased on Markov Random Field (MRF) models. Performance of some conventional classification methods is evaluated, through a Monte Carlo study, with or without using the contextual reclassification. Spatial autocorrelation is present in the computer-generated data on a true scene. The total misclassification rates for varying strengths of autocorrelation and for different methods are compared. The results indicate that the combination of the spectral-contextual classifiers can improve to a great extent the accuracyof conventional non-contextual classification methods. It is also shown how the most complicated cases can be handled by the Gibbs sampler.
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| 3585. |
- Thanh, Nguyen Xuan, et al.
(författare)
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The economic burden of unintentional injuries : a community-based cost analysis in Bavi, Vietnam.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. Supplement. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4956 .- 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 62, s. 45-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Relatively little is known about patterns of injury at the community level in Vietnam and their economic consequences. This study sought to estimate the costs of various unintentional injuries in Bavi District during one year; to describe how costs depended on gender, age, circumstances, and severity of injury; and to describe how the economic burden of unintentional injuries was distributed between households, government, and health insurance agency. METHODS: A cohort study was undertaken, which involved four cross-sectional household surveys among sampled communities in the Bavi District during the year 2000, each asking about injuries in the preceding three months. The costing system in public healthcare in Vietnam was applied as well as information from the victims. RESULTS: The total cost of injuries over one year in Bavi District was estimated to be D3,412,539,000 (Vietnamese dong) (US$235,347), equivalent to the annual income of 1,800 people. In total, 90% of this economic burden fell on households, only 8% on government, and 2% on the health insurance agency. The cost of a severe injury to the corresponded to approximately seven months of earned income. Home and traffic injuries together accounted for more than 80% of the total cost, 45% and 38% respectively. The highest unit cost was related to traffic injuries, followed by home, "other", work-related, and school injuries in descending order. DISCUSSION: The results can be considered as an economic baseline that can be used in evaluations of future interventions aimed at preventing injuries.
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| 3586. |
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| 3587. |
- Thibert-Plante, Xavier, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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A simple spectral algorithm for solving large-scale Poisson equation in 2D
- 2003
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Ingår i: Computer Physics Communications. - : Elsevier. - 0010-4655 .- 1879-2944. ; 154:2, s. 89-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show that it is possible with easy-to-program algorithms to reach spatial resolutions of the order of 108 grid points for computing the electric potential on 2D periodic lattices, such as the Si(111)7×7 surface. We have used a spectral Fourier technique and parallelized FFTs with OPEN_MP on SGI machines. This method can be easily extended to 3D.
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| 3588. |
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| 3589. |
- Thomas, Christine K, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of F waves in single human thenar motor units.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Muscle and Nerve. - 0148-639X .- 1097-4598. ; 25:1, s. 77-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- F-wave generation, axon conduction velocities, and contractile properties were compared in 44 healthy individual human thenar motor units. Force and muscle action potentials were recorded when single motor axons were stimulated intraneurally about 10 cm proximal to the elbow. Each stimulus usually evoked only one electromyographic (EMG) potential. However, in seven units (16%), a single stimulus elicited an F wave in response to 1.7 +/- 1.6% (mean +/- SD) of the stimuli applied. Axon conduction velocity proximal to the site of stimulation was faster than distal conduction velocity (72.7 +/- 8.0 m/s versus 64.2 +/- 10.5 m/s). Distal conduction velocities, twitch forces, and contraction times were similar for units that did and did not generate F waves. Thus, no obvious subset of thenar motor units generated F waves. These results provide valuable baseline information on F waves that can be used to assess changes in axon conduction, motor unit contractile properties, and motoneuron excitability in disease.
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| 3590. |
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