| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Karlsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence of social phobia in non-demented elderly from a swedish population study.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. - 1545-7214. ; 17:2, s. 127-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of social phobia, and how the different Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnostic components of social phobia influence prevalence rates, among a population sample aged 70 years and older. DESIGN: A general population sample was investigated in 2000-2001 with semistructured psychiatric examinations, including the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, and the Mini Mental State Examination. SETTING: General population Participants: Randomized sample of 914 nondemented elderly, response rate 68%. The sample was stratified into two age groups: 70-year olds (N = 338 women and 224 men) and aged 78 and above (N = 352 women). MEASUREMENTS: Social phobia according to DSM-IV requiring: a) fearing social situations, b) experiencing the fear as unreasonable or excessive, c) avoiding feared social situations or enduring them with intense anxiety or distress, and d) that this causes social consequences. RESULTS: The 1-month prevalence of social phobia was 1.9% (N = 17), an additional 1.6% (N = 15) fulfilled criteria a, c, and d, but not b. Thus, 3.5% had "social phobia" that caused social consequences. This was related to lower GAF-score and concurrent depression,panic attacks, and agoraphobia. Almost one fourth (N = 220) of the total sample feared social situations. This was more common in 70-year-old women compared with 70-year-old men (29.9% versus 20.5%), and to women aged 78-92 years (21.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that DSM-IV criteria exclude a large group of individuals with social phobia. It could be discussed whether DSM-IV criteria should be revised to also encompass these individuals.
|
|
| 13. |
- Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al.
(författare)
-
Alcoholic beverages and incidence of dementia: 34-year follow-up of the prospective population study of women in Goteborg.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: American journal of epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1476-6256 .- 0002-9262. ; 167:6, s. 684-91
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to assess the association between different types of alcoholic beverages and 34-year incidence of dementia. Among a random sample of 1,462 women aged 38-60 years and living in Göteborg, Sweden, in 1968-1969, 164 cases of dementia were diagnosed by 2002. At baseline as well as in 1974-1975, 1980-1981, and 1992-1993, the frequency of alcohol intake, as well as other lifestyle and health factors, was recorded and related to dementia with Cox proportional hazard regression, by use of both baseline and updated covariates. Wine was protective for dementia (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4, 0.8) in the updated model, and the association was strongest among women who consumed wine only (HR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.8). After stratification by smoking, the protective association of wine was stronger among smokers. In contrast, consumption of spirits at baseline was associated with slightly increased risk of dementia (HR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.2). Results show that wine and spirits displayed opposing associations with dementia. Because a protective effect was not seen for the other beverages, at least part of the association for wine may be explained by components other than ethanol.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Sigström, Robert, 1982, et al.
(författare)
-
The prevalence of psychotic symptoms and paranoid ideation in non-demented population samples aged 70-82 years.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International journal of geriatric psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 1099-1166 .- 0885-6230. ; 24, s. 1413-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Recent population(Q3) studies have reported an approximate 10% prevalence of psychotic symptoms among elderly aged 85 years and older. Psychotic symptoms may be less prevalent among younger elderly. We examined the prevalence of psychotic symptoms in a population-based sample of non-demented elderly aged 70-82 years. METHODS: A systematic Swedish population sample of 894 non-demented elderly (response rate 68%) representing three birth cohorts (340 women and 224 men aged 70 years and 330 women aged 78 and 82 years) was examined using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS), during a semi-structured psychiatric interview. A key informant interview was also conducted. Psychotic symptoms were classified according to the DSM-IV Glossary of technical terms. RESULTS: The 1-year prevalence of any psychotic symptom was 0.9% among non-demented women and men aged 70 years, and 1.2% among women aged 78 and 82 years. Psychotic symptoms were not related to sex or age. The prevalence of paranoid ideation was 1.0%. Among women, any paranoid symptom (persecutory delusions or paranoid ideation) was more common in 70-year-olds (2.6%) than in 78-82-year-olds (0.6%) (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Psychotic symptoms affected only 1% of this non-demented population aged 70, 78 and 82 years, which is lower than the 7-10% previously found among 85- and 95-year-olds. This might reflect a lower prevalence of psychotic symptoms compared to older elderly or secular changes resulting in lower prevalence of psychotic symptoms in later-born birth cohorts. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
|
| 19. |
- Silveira, Ellen R. T., 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance of the SF-36 health survey in screening for depressive and anxiety disorders in an elderly female Swedish population.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0962-9343. ; 14:5, s. 1263-74
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the sensitivity, specificity and predictive validity of suggested cut-off scores in the SF-36 mental health (MH) and mental component summary (MCS) in screening for depressive and anxiety disorders in a population sample of older Swedish women. METHOD: The sample comprised 586 randomly selected females aged 70-84 years who took part in an in-depth psychiatric examination. This provided the 'gold standard' against which the usefulness of SF-36 recommended thresholds for screening for depressive and anxiety disorders in older Swedish women was examined. RESULTS: Based on DSM-III-R criteria, 69 women (12%) were diagnosed with depression (major depression, dysthymia and/or depression NOS) and 49 (8%) with generalised anxiety and panic disorders. The previously recommended MH and MCS cut-offs (i.e. 52 and 42) gave a specificity for diagnosis of depression of 92 and 82% and sensitivity of 58 and 71%, respectively. Both the MH and MCS were good predictors of depressive disorders but poor predictors of anxiety disorders. CONCLUSION: The study supports the predictive validity of suggested SF-36 MH and MCS cut-off scores in screening for depressive disorder but not for anxiety disorder in older women in Sweden.
|
|
| 20. |
- Sjöström, Nils, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
Nightmares and sleep disturbances in relation to suicidality in suicide attempters
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Sleep. ; 30:1, s. 91-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of specific sleep disturbances in suicide attempters and to examine the association between specific sleep disturbances and suicidality. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study in suicide attempters during the period October 1, 2001, to June 30, 2004. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty-five patients aged 18 to 68 years who were admitted to medical units or psychiatric wards at Sahlgrenska University Hospital after a suicide attempt. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS: The face-to-face interview included Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-IV and the Suicide Assessment Scale. Two self-report instruments were employed, the Uppsala Sleep Inventory and Comprehensive Psychopathological Self-rating Scale for Affective Syndromes. The latter assessed symptom burden. Using multiple logistic regression analyses, we examined associations between sleep complaints and suicidality. RESULTS: Eighty-nine percent of subjects reported some kind of sleep disturbance. The most common complaint was difficulties initiating sleep (73%). Other complaints included difficulties maintaining sleep (69%), nightmares (66%) and early morning awakening (58%). Nightmares were associated with a 5-fold increase in risk for high suicidality. This relationship remained after adjustment for psychiatric diagnosis and psychiatric symptom intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep disturbances are common among suicide attempters. Nightmares are associated with suicidality. Our findings suggest that questions concerning sleep disturbance and nightmares should be addressed in the clinical assessment of suicidal patients.
|
|
