| 1. |
- Husdal, Rebecka, et al.
(author)
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Resource allocation and organisational features in Swedish primary diabetes care : Changes from 2006 to 2013
- 2017
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In: Primary Care Diabetes. - : Elsevier. - 1751-9918 .- 1878-0210. ; 11:1, s. 20-28
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: To compare the resource allocation and organisational features in Swedish primary diabetes care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) between 2006 and 2013.Methods: Using a repeated cross-sectional study design, questionnaires covering personnel resources and organisational features for patients with T2DM in 2006 and 2013 were sent to all Swedish primary health care centres (PHCCs) during the following year. In total, 684 (74.3%) PHCCs responded in 2006 and 880 (76.4%) in 2013.Results: Compared with 2006, the median list size had decreased in 2013 (p<0.001), whereas the median number of listed patients with T2DM had increased (p<0.001). Time devoted to patients with T2DM and diabetes-specific education levels for registered nurses (RNs) had increased, and more PHCCs had in-house psychologists (all p<0.001). The use of follow-up systems and medical check-ups had increased (all p<0.05). Individual counselling was more often based on patients' needs, while arrangement of group-based education remained low. Patient participation in setting treatment targets mainly remained low.Conclusions: Even though the diabetes-specific educational level among RNs increased, the arrangement of group-based education and patient participation in setting treatment targets remained low. These results are of concern and should be prioritised as key features in the care of patients with T2DM. (C) 2016 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Jacobs, An, et al.
(author)
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Vitamin D insufficiency in infants with increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes : A secondary analysis of the POInT Study
- 2024
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In: BMJ Paediatrics Open. - 2399-9772. ; 8:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) may be a factor in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study is to investigate the presence and persistence of VDI in a large cohort of infants with increased risk of developing T1D, in light of the differences in local supplementation guidelines. Methods In the POInT Study, a multicentre primary prevention study between February 2018 and March 2021 in Germany, Poland, Belgium, England and Sweden, including infants aged 4-7 months at high genetic risk of developing β-cell autoantibodies, vitamin D levels were analysed at each study visit from inclusion (4-7 months) until 3 years, with an interval of 2 months (first three visits) or 4-6 months (visits 4-8). The protocol actively promotes vitamin D sufficiency to optimise immune tolerance. VDI was defined as a concentration below 30 ng/mL and was treated according to local guidelines of participating centres. Recovery from VDI was defined as a concentration above or equal to 30 ng/mL on the subsequent visit after VDI. Results 1050 infants were included, of which 5937 vitamin D levels were available for analyses. VDI was observed in 1464 (24.7%) visits and 507 (46.1%) of these were not resolved at the next visit. The risk of having VDI was independently associated with season (higher in winter), weight (higher with increased weight), age (higher with increased age) and country (higher in England). The risk of not recovering from VDI was independently associated with the season of the previously determined VDI, which was higher if VDI was identified in winter. Conclusions VDI is frequent in infants with increased risk of developing T1D. Treatment guidelines for VDI do not seem effective. Increasing supplementation dosages in this patient population seems warranted, especially during winter, and increasing dosages more aggressively after VDI should be considered.
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| 4. |
- Samokhin, Alexander, et al.
(author)
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Stationary iteration methods for solving 3D electromagnetic scattering problems
- 2013
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In: Applied Mathematics and Computation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0096-3003 .- 1873-5649. ; 222, s. 107-122
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Generalized Chebyshev iteration (GCI) applied for solving linear equations with nonselfadjoint operators is considered. Sufficient conditions providing the convergence of iterations imposed on the domain of localization of the spectrum on the complex plane are obtained. A minimax problem for the determination of optimal complex iteration parameters is formulated. An algorithm of finding an optimal iteration parameter in the case of arbitrary location of the operator spectrum on the complex plane is constructed for the generalized simple iteration method. The results are applied to numerical solution of volume singular integral equations (VSIEs) associated with the problems of the mathematical theory of wave diffraction by 3D dielectric bodies. In particular, the domain of the spectrum location is described explicitly for low-frequency scattering problems and in the general case. The obtained results are discussed and recommendations concerning their applications are given. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Aleksandrova, Krasimira, et al.
(author)
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A prospective study of the immune system activation biomarker neopterin and colorectal cancer risk
- 2015
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In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Neopterin may be relevant for colorectal cancer (CRC) development, as a biomarker of cellular immune activity exerting pleiotropic effects on cellular ageing, oxidative stress, and inflammation. So far, the association between prediagnostic neopterin and colon and rectal cancer risk has not been evaluated in human populations. Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort using data on plasma concentrations of total neopterin (T-N, sum of neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin) in 830 incident CRC case patients (561 colon and 269 rectal) matched within risk sets to 830 control participants. A subsequent replication study used data from the Hordaland Health Study, where 173 CRC case patients have been diagnosed among 6594 healthy participants over 12 years of follow-up. Results: After multivariable adjustment for a priori chosen CRC risk factors, a "U-shaped" association of T-N with CRC was revealed. Compared with the second quintile of the T-N distribution, the relative risks for the first, third, fourth, and fifth quintiles were 2.37 (95% CI = 1.66 to 3.39), 1.24 (95% CI = 0.87 to 1.77), 1.55 (95% CI = 1.08 to 2.22), and 2.31 (95% CI = 1.63 to 3.27), respectively. Replication of these associations within the Hordaland Health Study yielded similar results. No differences have been observed when the associations were explored by colon and rectal cancer site (two-sided P-difference = .87) and after excluding case patients diagnosed within the first four follow-up years. Conclusions: These novel findings provide evidence of the role of both suppressed and activated cell-mediated immunity as reflected by prediagnostic T-N concentrations in the development of CRC.
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| 7. |
- Bakker, Jimmy W.P., et al.
(author)
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Immunodetection using computer screen photo-assisted ellipsometry
- 2008
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In: Physica Status Solidi. C: Current Topics in Solid State Physics. - Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1862-6351. ; 5:5, s. 1431-1433
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Detection of antibody-antigen reactions is demonstrated by measuring changes in reflectance of light polarized parallel to the plane of incidence, using a computer screen as light source and a web camera as detector, giving results similar to traditional off-null ellipsometry and in accordance with a simplified theoretical model.
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| 8. |
- Jemt, Torsten, 1950, et al.
(author)
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Mucosal topography around implants in edentulous upper jaws. Photogrammetric three-dimensional measurements of the effect of replacement of a removable prosthesis with a fixed prosthesis.
- 1994
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In: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 5:4, s. 220-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A photogrammetric technique was tested to measure the topography of the mucosa around implants, placed in edentulous upper jaws. Photographs were taken of casts from 6 patients, who all had used a removable overdenture for one year. Another series of photographs was taken on new casts after the use of a fixed prosthesis for a second year. The 6 pairs of photographs were measured and compared in an analytical stereo plotter for surface contour and implant positions. The results from the measurements indicated a trend of general recession of the mucosa after one year with fixed prosthesis, both on the buccal as well as on the palatal side. The mean volume of recession was 222.4 mm3, corresponding to an average of 0.4 mm3/mm2 of mucosa. More recession was generally observed on the palatal side, but obvious variations between the patients were present. In conclusion, the photogrammetric technique was considered to be well suited for analysing tissue contours in various dental situations.
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| 10. |
- Lanfer, Anne, et al.
(author)
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Does change in hip circumference predict cardiovascular disease and overall mortality in Danish and Swedish women?
- 2014
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In: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 22:3, s. 957-963
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract OBJECTIVE: Accumulating evidence consistently shows that small hip circumference (HC) is related to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease, diabetes, and premature death in women. This study aims to clarify whether this inverse association can be found in both normal- and overweight individuals and if change in HC over time relates to morbidity and mortality risk. DESIGN AND METHODS: HC and 6-year change in HC in relation to the risk for all-cause mortality and CVD morbidity and mortality was investigated in a pooled sample of 2,867 women from the DANISH MONICA study and the Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg with a total of 66,627 person-years of follow-up. RESULTS: Baseline HC was significantly and inversely associated with all-cause and CVD-specific mortality after adjustment for BMI, waist circumference (WC), and other covariates. In stratified analyses, the inverse association was weaker in women with a BMI of more than 25 kg/m2 . Six-year change in hip size was not associated with mortality or morbidity endpoints. CONCLUSIONS: Our results imply the existence of a basal risk associated with small hip size, which is, however, independent from changes in gluteofemoral body mass and therefore unlikely to be modifiable.
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