| 1241. |
- Komitova, Mila, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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On neural plasticity, new neurons and the postischemic milieu: An integrated view on experimental rehabilitation
- 2006
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Ingår i: EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4886. ; 199:1, s. 42-55
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review discusses actual and potential contributors to functional improvement after stroke injuries. Topics that will be covered are neuronal re-organization and sprouting, neural stem/progenitor cell activation and neuronal replacement, as well as the neuronal milieu defined by glia, inflammatory cells and blood vessel supply. It is well established that different types of neuronal plasticity ultimately lead to post-stroke recovery. However, an untapped potential which only recently has started to be extensively explored is neuronal replacement through endogenous or exogenous resources. Major experimental efforts are needed to achieve progress in this burgeoning area. The review stresses the importance of applying neurodevelopmental principles as well as performing a characterization of the role of the postischemic milieu when studying adult brain neural stem/progenitor cells. Integrated and multifaceted experimentation, incorporating actual and possible poststroke function modulators, will be necessary in order to determine future strategies that will ultimately enable considerable progress in the field of neurorehabilitation.
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| 1242. |
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| 1243. |
- Koopen, Annefleur M., et al.
(författare)
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Human microbiome as therapeutic intervention target to reduce cardiovascular disease risk
- 2016
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Lipidology. - 0957-9672 .- 1473-6535. ; 27, s. 615-622
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Purpose of review: The absolute burden of cardiovascular risk remains high despite currently available preventive and therapeutic options. In search for novel therapeutic leads, mounting evidence has linked the gut microbiota as well as their metabolites to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Recent findings: The intestinal microbiota influences the host via different metabolic pathways as inducer of endotoxemia, formation of trimethylamine-N-oxide, production of short chain fatty acids, and is a regulator in intestinal bile acid metabolism. Disruption of the gut microbiome may disturb the homeostasis of the microbial ecosystem to an alternative stable state associated with pathophysiological traits in microbiota and host. However, causality has not been shown yet. Summary: We are just beginning to understand how the gut microbiota influence our cardiometabolic health and various innovative therapeutic options are in the developing (preclinical) phase. This review focuses on the current evidence whether and to what extent the intestinal microbiota are involved in cardiovascular disease and whether this is based on merely association or causal relations.
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| 1244. |
- Koopman, Maud, et al.
(författare)
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Lung Hyperinflation as Treatable Trait in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review
- 2024
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. - 1178-2005. ; 19, s. 1561-1578
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lung hyperinflation (LH) is a common clinical feature in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It results from a combination of reduced elastic lung recoil as a consequence of irreversible destruction of lung parenchyma and expiratory airflow limitation. LH is an important determinant of morbidity and mortality in COPD, partially independent of the degree of airflow limitation. Therefore, reducing LH has become a major target in the treatment of COPD over the last decades. Advances were made in the diagnostics of LH and several effective interventions became available. Moreover, there is increasing evidence suggesting that LH is not only an isolated feature in COPD but rather part of a distinct clinical phenotype that may require a more integrated management. This narrative review focuses on the pathophysiology and adverse consequences of LH, the assessment of LH with lung function measurements and imaging techniques and highlights LH as a treatable trait in COPD. Finally, several suggestions regarding future studies in this field are made.
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| 1245. |
- Koopman, N., et al.
(författare)
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Review article: can bugs be drugs? The potential of probiotics and prebiotics as treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813. ; 50:6, s. 628-639
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver condition. A major current research effort is ongoing to find potential strategies to treat NAFLD-non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with special attention to the gut microbiota. Multiple animal studies and pilot clinical trials are assessing different gut microbiota modulating strategies such as faecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Aim To review the role of microbiota in NAFLD-NASH and determine whether pro- and prebiotics have potential as treatment Methods Information was obtained from critically reviewing literature on PubMed on targeting the gut microbiota in NAFLD. Search terms included NAFLD, NASH, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, steatohepatitis; combined with microbiome, microbiota, gut bacteria, probiotics and prebiotics. Results Animal studies and the first emerging studies in humans show promising results for both the common probiotics Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococci as for short chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate-producing bacteria. Also, prebiotics have positive effects on different mechanisms underlying NAFLD-NASH. Conclusions The most promising strategies thus far developed to alter the microbiome in NAFLD-NASH are probiotics and prebiotics. However, pre- and probiotic treatment of NAFLD-NASH is relatively new and still under development. Actual understanding of the involved mechanisms is lacking and changes in the intestinal microbiota composition after treatment are rarely measured. Furthermore, large clinical trials with comparative endpoints are unavailable. Personalised treatment based on metagenomics gut microbiota analysis will probably be part of the future diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD-NASH.
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| 1246. |
- Kopchick, J. J., et al.
(författare)
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Covert actions of growth hormone: fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Endocrinology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5029 .- 1759-5037. ; 18:9, s. 558-573
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since its discovery nearly a century ago, over 100,000 studies of growth hormone (GH) have investigated its structure, how it interacts with the GH receptor and its multiple actions. These include effects on growth, substrate metabolism, body composition, bone mineral density, the cardiovascular system and brain function, among many others. Recombinant human GH is approved for use to promote growth in children with GH deficiency (GHD), along with several additional clinical indications. Studies of humans and animals with altered levels of GH, from complete or partial GHD to GH excess, have revealed several covert or hidden actions of GH, such as effects on fibrosis, cardiovascular function and cancer. In this Review, we do not concentrate on the classic and controversial indications for GH therapy, nor do we cover all covert actions of GH. Instead, we stress the importance of the relationship between GH and fibrosis, and how fibrosis (or lack thereof) might be an emerging factor in both cardiovascular and cancer pathologies. We highlight clinical data from patients with acromegaly or GHD, alongside data from cellular and animal studies, to reveal novel phenotypes and molecular pathways responsible for these actions of GH in fibrosis, cardiovascular function and cancer.
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| 1247. |
- Korkalainen, Henri, et al.
(författare)
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Review and perspective on sleep-disordered breathing research and translation to clinics
- 2024
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Ingår i: SLEEP MEDICINE REVIEWS. - 1087-0792 .- 1532-2955. ; 73
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sleep-disordered breathing, ranging from habitual snoring to severe obstructive sleep apnea, is a prevalent public health issue. Despite rising interest in sleep and awareness of sleep disorders, sleep research and diagnostic practices still rely on outdated metrics and laborious methods reducing the diagnostic capacity and preventing timely diagnosis and treatment. Consequently, a significant portion of individuals affected by sleep-disordered breathing remain undiagnosed or are misdiagnosed. Taking advantage of state-of-the-art scientific, technological, and computational advances could be an effective way to optimize the diagnostic and treatment pathways. We discuss state-of-the-art multidisciplinary research, review the shortcomings in the current practices of SDB diagnosis and management in adult populations, and provide possible future directions. We critically review the opportunities for modern data analysis methods and machine learning to combine multimodal information, provide a perspective on the pitfalls of big data analysis, and discuss approaches for developing analysis strategies that overcome current limitations. We argue that large-scale and multidisciplinary collaborative efforts based on clinical, scientific, and technical knowledge and rigorous clinical validation and implementation of the outcomes in practice are needed to move the research of sleep-disordered breathing forward, thus increasing the quality of diagnostics and treatment.
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| 1248. |
- Korkman,, et al.
(författare)
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White paper on forensic child interviewing: research-based recommendations by the European Association of Psychology and Law
- 2024
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Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - 1068-316X.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This white paper consists of evidence-based recommendations for conducting forensic interviews with children. The recommendations are jointly drafted by researchers in child interviewing active within the European Association of Psychology and Law and are focused on cases in which children are interviewed in forensic settings, in particular within investigations of child sexual and/or physical abuse. One particular purpose of the white paper is to assist the growing Barnahus movement in Europe to develop investigative practise that is science-based. The key recommendations entail the expertise required by interviewers, how interviews should be conducted and how interviewers should be trained. Interviewers are advised to use evidence-based interview protocols, engage in hypothesis-testing and record their interviews. The need to prepare the interview well and making efforts to familiarise the child with the interview situation and create rapport as well as acknowledging cultural factors and the possible need for interpretation is underscored, and a recommendation is made not to rely on dolls, body diagrams and the interpretation of drawings in the interviews. Online child interviewing is noted as showing promising results, but more research is warranted before conclusive recommendations can be made. Interviewers should receive specialised training and continuous feedback on their interviews.
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| 1249. |
- Korp, Peter, 1966
(författare)
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Problems of the Healthy Lifestyle Discourse
- 2010
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Ingår i: Sociology Compass. - 1751-9020. ; 4:9, s. 800-810
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strategies for the prevention of disease and the promotion of health have a long history of individual- level interventions with the promotion of ‘healthy lifestyles’ being the primary target. The focus at an individual level devoid of social context has provoked a sociological critique of the prevailing healthy lifestyle discourse. This critique emphasises the social causes of health-related attitudes and behaviours in society, and the ideology of individual responsibility and ‘victim blaming’ that an individualist approach entails. At the same time, the prevailing notion of ‘health’ has been scrutinised within the framework of health promotion stressing a definition emphasising well-being and quality of life. This ‘positive’ definition of health broadens the possible reach of ‘healthy lifestyles’. Theoretical models emphasising structural aspects of the lifestyle construct have been produced. In this article, it is argued that while these models are based on the work of Bourdieu and his concept of habitus, they nevertheless overlook the importance of power and symbolic dominance in relation to the construction of ‘healthy’ and the understanding of lifestyles.
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| 1250. |
- Kossowska, Malgorzata, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-based micro-identities as a driver of societal disintegration
- 2023
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Ingår i: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. ; 10:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article discusses the role of digital media use in societal transformations, with a specific focus on the emergence of micro-identities. It also explores the extent to which such transformations entail increasing the risk of societal disintegration—defined as the erosion of established social structures, values, and norms. Our contention is that the distinctive attributes of digital media, coupled with the myriad expanding opportunities of use they afford, harbor the potential to fragment and polarize public discourse. Such tendencies jeo- pardize public trust in democratic institutions and undermine social cohesion. The intricate interplay between media usage and polarization synergistically contributes to the formation of micro-identities, characterized by their narrow and emergent nature. These micro-iden- tities, in turn, manifest themselves through in-group self-determination often to the detriment of the broader social fabric. Thus, various micro-identities may actively contribute to the actual atrophy of the implicit rules and procedures hitherto deemed the norm within society. By addressing these multifaceted issues, typically confined within distinct disciplinary silos, this analysis adopts a multidisciplinary approach. Drawing from perspectives in political science, sociology, psychology, and media and communication, this paper offers in-depth analyses of the interactions between social processes and media usage. In doing so, it contributes substantively to the ongoing discourse surrounding the factors driving societal disintegration.
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