| 51. |
- Norrman, Jenny, 1971
(författare)
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Dokumentation workshop geosystemtjänster - ekosystemtjänster
- 2019
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dokumentation av workshop gällande att diskutera begreppen ekosystemtjänster och geosystemtjänster Plats: Chalmersska huset i Göteborg, Kanalrummet. Datum och tid: 29 augusti, kl 11.30-15.30 Bakgrund: Utifrån pågående forskning på Chalmers om undermarken som en multifunktionell resurs ser vi ett behov av att kunna systematiskt beskriva alla typer av tjänster undermark som naturen tillhandahåller med syftet att kunna ta bättre och mer hållbara beslut angående hur dessa tjänster/resurser skall nyttjas. Flera av dessa tjänster är biotiska och klassas då som ekosystemtjänster (ES). Andra typer av tjänster såsom t.ex. geoenergi, utrymme, bärförmåga, arkeologiska och geologiska arkiv är inte biotiska och kan därför principiellt inte betecknas vara ES. Hur bör man då beskriva dessa på bästa sätt så att man kan få en helhetsbild över undermarkens tjänster? Vi ser att begreppet geosystemtjänster förmodligen kan fånga in detta och skulle kunna vara ett bra ramverk. Men är det bra eller mindre bra att introducera nya begrepp? Hur ser andra organisationer som arbetar med ES på att föra in ett nytt begrepp? Liknande frågeställningar uppstår när man t.ex. arbetar inom vattenförvaltning där flera av vattnets tjänster är abiotiska, där t.ex. begreppet grundvattentjänster används ibland och som innefattar både biotiska och abiotiska tjänster. Syfte: Att samla representanter från olika organisationer som arbetar med och berörs av arbetet med ES för att dela erfarenheter och kunskap omkring ES och vad som inte fångas in under begreppet ES, om detta är ett problem eller ej för de olika organisationerna, och hur man ser på att föra in nya begrepp och nyttan med det. Upplägg: Ett antal korta föredrag för att introducera alla till frågeställningen, hur de olika organisationerna arbetar med ekosystemtjänster (ES) idag och deras roller. Därefter diskussion utifrån ett antal frågeställningar. Inbjudningslista: Representanter ifrån Sveriges geologiska undersökning, Statens geotekniska institut, Boverket och Naturvårdsverket, forskare (Chalmers), kommuner (Malmö, Göteborg), HaV och Vattenmyndigheterna.
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| 52. |
- Biegańska, Jadwiga, et al.
(författare)
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From policy to misery? The State Agricultural Farms vs. 'the rural'
- 2019
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Ingår i: Quaestiones Geographicae. - : Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan. - 2082-2103 .- 2081-6383 .- 0137-477X. ; 38:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1989 was a turning point within the socio-economic development in the former Eastern bloc, initiating a system transformation that affected the society at large. It also contributed to the crystallisation of certain cultural landscapes, hitherto largely illegible due to the inhibition of spatial processes encountered during Communism. In Poland, after a quarter-century of free market economy, the focus on social problems began to expand to the spatial realm as well. It became apparent that the progressive social polarisation that followed was most prominent in environments striated by a particular landscape type – the former State Agricultural Farm (PGR). Considering PGRs “the epitome of rurality” subject to ideas informing the direction of contemporary “rural development” prompts a different way of looking at the problem. In this paper, we investigate the concept of rurality in the discursive tenor of implemented policy and contrast it with contextualised empirical examples. Our findings suggest that efficient policy should be confronted with the expectations of residents at the local level, while introducing top-down actions usually ends in failure as in the case of post-PGR estates.
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| 53. |
- Persson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Working less by choice: what are the benefits and hardships?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1548-7733. ; 18:1, s. 81-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Working time reduction (WTR) is a policy that could improve quality of life while reducing environmental impacts. However, WTR coupled with a salary reduction may benefit only higher-income earners and increase social inequalities. Against this background, we analyze how the motivations for and the socioecological outcomes from working less vary across different socioeconomic groups. The analysis is based on a survey conducted among municipal employees under full-time contracts who utilized the City of Gothenburg’s “right to part-time” policy. We find that working less improved quality of life not only for higher-income groups but also for lower-income groups through gains in time affluence, energy, health, and time spent on strengthening social ties. However, three negative effects emerged. First, WTR lead to increased work intensification, particularly among higher-income earners. Second, concerns regarding making ends meet and future retirement income were particularly salient issues among lower-income earners. Finally, WTR to cope with unfavorable working conditions was a much more common motivation among manual workers with lower salaries. We conclude that WTR can be a viable option across a broader range of socioeconomic groups than previously assumed but that it is nevertheless important to consider the effects on social inequality when designing WTR policies.
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| 54. |
- Heitz, Adeline, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial patterns of logistics facilities in Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0966-6923. ; 88:October 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the location of logistics facilities, in particular with regard to “logistics sprawl,” has emerged as a topic in the literature that is, a process of spatial decentralisation of logistics facilities in large metropolitan areas. The aim of this paper is to look at logistics sprawl patterns in the Gothenburg metropolitan area, in the south-west of Sweden. Looking at a medium-size monocentric urban region that is also a major port gateway for the country, this study provides novel elements in the study of locational patterns of freight facilities in metropolitan areas. It also provides an opportunity to identify the role of freight in planning, land use and zoning policies. A literature review is carried out on the issues of freight and logistics facilities locational patterns. A quantitative analysis is proposed, using data from Swedish statistics about the number of establishments with a NACE code related to logistics, as well as an original method providing a “cleaned” and more comprehensive dataset. We look at data at two different scales, one metropolitan and one regional, for years 2000 and 2014, as to enable a comparative and diachronical analysis. Logistics sprawl is measured by the average distance of warehouses to their common centre of gravity. Finally, interviews with transport and logistics providers as well as real estate investors and public agencies in the region, add qualitative information on the relative importance of different location factors related to logistics facilities and the issues raised. Logistics sprawl in Gothenburg occurs in specific ways, and differently at the two geographical levels of analysis.
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| 55. |
- Englund, Oskar, 1982
(författare)
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On Sustainability of Biomass for Energy and the Governance Thereof
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Due to concerns about climate change, energy security, and resource scarcity, non- renewable resources are increasingly being displaced by biomass. As with most human activities, the production of biobased products can be associated with negative impacts. Primarily, this relates to the biomass supply systems, i.e., agriculture and forestry, which currently are major causes of biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem services. Developing sustainable production systems when transitioning from non-renewable resources to biomass is imperative. This thesis aims to clarify the meaning of sustainability in the context of biomass for bioenergy, and contribute to our understanding of how different forms of governance can promote sustainably sourced biomass for bioenergy. The thesis is based on five appended papers: Paper I analyses to what extent, where, and under what conditions oil palm for biodiesel in Brazil can be produced profitably, and what risks and opportunities that can be associated with introducing large-scale oil palm production in Brazil. Paper II lays the foundation for understanding how new biomass production can be introduced into landscapes while supporting rather than compromising the ability of the landscape to supply other ecosystem services. Paper III describes different forms of governance and shows how these can play different roles in promoting sustainable bioenergy in different countries. Paper IV focuses on how short rotation coppice production systems are affected by EU policy and how different governance forms can assist in adapting production systems to conform to the corresponding sustainability requirements. Finally, Paper V assesses how sustainability certification (private governance) addresses biodiversity conservation and contributes to our understanding of possible improvements.
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| 56. |
- Isaksson, Anders, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of initial business models on early business performance – a study of 589 new high-tech firm
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation Management. - 1363-9196. ; 25:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The initial business model of start-ups affects the performance and development of new ventures. Therefore, new technology-based firms (NTBFs) must choose a suitable initial business model to survive, perform, and grow. We propose a measurement framework comprising of nine elements described using 16 variables for NTBFs' initial business models. We test our framework by surveying 589 young manufacturing and knowledge-intensive high-tech firms established in 2013 in Sweden, Finland, and France. We identify differences between the business models across countries and measure sales growth during 2014-2016. We find significant differences between high-tech manufacturing firms and high-tech knowledge-intensive firms regarding key partners, activities, and resources, as well as value propositions and the ranking of elements. In the second part of the analysis, we apply correlation and regression tests for the nine elements regarding early business performance (sales growth) for the manufacturing and knowledge-intensive high-tech firms.
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| 57. |
- Smith, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Mobility as a service : Comparing developments in Sweden and Finland
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Business and Management (RTBM). - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-5395 .- 2210-5409. ; 1, s. 223-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobility as a Service (MaaS) developments have thus far progressed along different trajectories in Sweden and Finland, two pioneering countries in MaaS. Still, little is known about why this is. Addressing this knowledge gap, we investigate the role of institutions as key structures given their capacity to bring about differentiated outcomes. Based on 31 interviews with key stakeholders, we first describe drivers and barriers of MaaS developments in the two countries. Thereafter, through an analysis of similarities and differences across the cases, we identify a set of general implications for MaaS policymakers and practitioners. Developments in Finland demonstrate the importance of top-level support, of inter-organizational collaboration and of trust among key stakeholders. The Swedish case reiterates the need for inter-sectorial collaboration, particularly with regard to creating the right conditions for commercialization, and to involving stakeholders on both strategic and operational levels of the transport sector in developing the vision for MaaS. Lastly, we assess the utility of the applied theoretical framework, and comment on the necessity of recognizing that both practice-based and structural changes are needed in order to facilitate institutional change.
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| 58. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Urban qualities and residents’ strategies in compact global south cities: the case of Havana
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7772 .- 1566-4910. ; 37:1, s. 529-551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research and policy argue for more compact cities to respond to sustainable development challenges. However, what actually needs to be made more compact and how, is under examined, particularly in global South cities where north notions of urban qualities are adopted without being questioned. Informed by a qualitative study in informal and compact neighborhoods in Havana, this paper explores which qualities are important to deliver more just cities, and what strategies are developed by residents to strengthen beneficial qualities and address detrimental qualities in contexts of informal urbanization and compactness. It shows how the street, human capital, neighborhood, housing affordability, citizenship and vibrancy are significant compact city qualities neglected in the literature. Finally, the paper shows how diverse strategies are developed by residents to draw upon these qualities, such as self-help urbanism, learning and innovation, economic entrepreneurship, networks of solidarity, economies of reciprocity, local imaginaries and active citizenship.
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| 59. |
- Börjesson, Martin, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Bioenergy futures in Sweden - system effects of CO2 reduction and fossil fuel phase-out policies
- 2015
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Ingår i: GCB Bioenergy. - : Wiley. - 1757-1707 .- 1757-1693. ; 7:5, s. 1118-1135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioenergy could contribute both to the reduction of greenhouse gases and to increased energy security, but the extent of this contribution strongly depends on the cost and potential of biomass resources. For Sweden, this study investigates how the implementation of policies for CO2 reduction and for phase out of fossil fuels in road transport affect the future utilization of biomass, in the stationary energy system and in the transport sector, and its price. The analysis is based on the bottom-up, optimization MARKAL_Sweden model, which includes a comprehensive representation of the national energy system. For the analysis, the biomass supply representation of MARKAL_Sweden is updated and improved by the use of, e.g., forestry forecasting modeling and through construction of detailed biomass supply curves. A time horizon up to 2050 is applied. The results indicate a potential for significantly higher use of bioenergy. In the main analysis scenario, in which CO2 reduction of 80% by 2050 is imposed on the Swedish energy system, the total bioenergy utilization increases by 63% by 2050 compared to 2010. The largest increase occurs in the transport sector, which by 2050 accounts for 43% of the total primary bioenergy use. The high demand and strong competition significantly increase biomass prices and lead to the utilization of higher cost biomass sources such as stumps and cultivated energy forest, as well as use of pulpwood resources for energy purposes.
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| 60. |
- Jin, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Fostering the Development of Emerging Knowledge Intensive Industry in China: The role of local governmnet
- 2015
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Ingår i: Globelics conference 2015. ; 2015:404, s. 1-30
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- How does the local government stimulate knowledge intensive industry, within a regional innovation system? That is the research question for this paper. We analyze the development of the nanotechnology industry in Suzhou and the electrical vehicle industry in Hangzhou. They are used as cases to analyze the role of local government, and we do so from four aspects, namely technology, human capital, market and finance. In these cases, the local government helped the emerging industry not only in stimulating technological collaboration but also in creating market demand. While the local governments stimulated all four aspects listed above, the incentive to create demand has been particularly crucial.
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