| 241. |
- Simpanen, Ewa, 1987, et al.
(author)
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1060 nm single and multimode VCSELs for up to 50 Gb/s modulation
- 2017
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In: Proceedings of IEEE Photonics Conference 2017. - : IEEE. - 9781509065776 ; 2017-January, s. 65-66
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the design and performance of 1060 nm VCSELs with up to 50 Gb/s intrinsic speed and demonstrate 25 Gb/s transmission over 1000 m of 1060 nm optimized MMF using a single-mode VCSEL and mode-selective launch.
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| 242. |
- Simpanen, Ewa, 1987, et al.
(author)
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1060 nm Single-Mode VCSEL and Single-Mode Fiber Links for Long-Reach Optical Interconnects
- 2019
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In: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 37:13, s. 2963-2969
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate the use of a 1060 nm single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and a 1060 nm single-mode fiber as a competitive single-mode technology for cost-and power-efficient long-reach optical interconnects. Error-free transmission (bit error rate < 10-12) over 2 km is demonstrated at bitrates up to 40 Gb/s under on-off keying non-return-to-zero (OOK-NRZ) modulation, without equalization, forward-error correction, or other forms of digital signal processing. The VCSEL is extensively characterized with respect to its static and dynamic performances, including the power-voltage-current characteristics, spectral characteristics, beam divergence, modulation response, relative intensity noise, and frequency chirp. The measured dependence of power penalty on fiber length is consistent with an analysis of chirp-induced pulse compression and broadening along the negative chromatic dispersion fiber.
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| 243. |
- Simpanen, Ewa, 1987, et al.
(author)
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1060 nm single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser operating at 50 Gbit/s data rate
- 2017
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In: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1350-911X .- 0013-5194. ; 53:13, s. 869-870
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An energy efficient 1060 nm GaAs-based oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser designed for high-speed modulation and singlemode emission has been developed. A record data rate of 50 Gbit/ s at an energy dissipation of 100 fJ/ bit is demonstrated for a device with > 50 dB side-mode-suppression and 0.2 mA threshold current, making this laser a promising light source for long-reach optical interconnects.
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| 244. |
- Simpanen, Ewa, 1987, et al.
(author)
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1060 nm VCSEL for up to 40 Gbit/s Data Transmission
- 2016
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In: Conference Digest - IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference. - 0899-9406. - 9784885523069 ; , s. Article no 7765757-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A GaAs-based 1060 nm VCSEL with strained InGaAs/GaAsP QWs, doped DBRs, a short optical cavity, and multiple oxide apertures is presented. Modulation up to 40 Gbit/s at 25°C and 30 Gbit/s at 85°C is demonstrated.
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| 245. |
- Simpanen, Ewa, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Long-Reach 1060 nm SM VCSEL - SMF Optical Interconnects
- 2018
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In: European Conference on Optical Communication, ECOC. ; 2018-September
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We explore the low-cost, low-power GaAs-VCSEL technology for long-reach interconnects at 1060 nm. With reduced fiber attenuation and chromatic dispersion compared to 850 nm, we demonstrate error-free 40 Gbps OOK-NRZ transmission over 2 km SMF using a SM VCSEL.
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| 246. |
- Simpanen, Ewa, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Noise Performance of Single-Mode VCSELs: Dependence on Current Confinement and Optical Loss
- 2020
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In: IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. - 0018-9197 .- 1558-1713. ; 56:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate the intensity and phase noise properties of GaAs-based 1060 nm oxide-confined single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and their dependence on slope efficiency and current spreading, parameters that control the achievable output power. We find strong dependence of the linewidth on slope efficiency because it affects the optical resonator loss and therefore the spontaneous emission rate and the photon density. Likewise, we find strong dependence of the relative intensity noise on the slope efficiency since the optical resonator loss controls the photon lifetime, and therefore the damping of the relaxation oscillations. There is no noticeable dependence on transverse current confinement and current spreading. We measure linewidths as small as 6 MHz which we attribute to a small linewidth enhancement factor. This assumption is supported by calculations of the linewidth enhancement factor from optical resonator and optical gain simulations. The dependencies of noise on design parameters are general and therefore valid for single-mode VCSELs at other wavelengths and in other material systems.
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| 247. |
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| 248. |
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| 249. |
- Srinivasan, Muralikrishnan, 1991, et al.
(author)
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End-to-End Learning for VCSEL-based Optical Interconnects: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Opportunities
- 2023
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In: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 41:11, s. 3261-3277
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical interconnects (OIs) based on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are the main workhorse within data centers, supercomputers, and even vehicles, providing low-cost, high-rate connectivity. VCSELs must operate under extremely harsh and time-varying conditions, thus requiring adaptive and flexible designs of the communication chain. Such designs can be built based on mathematical models (model-based design) or learned from data (machine learning (ML) based design). Various ML techniques have recently come to the forefront, replacing individual components in the transmitters and receivers with deep neural networks. Beyond such component-wise learning, end-to-end (E2E) autoencoder approaches can reach the ultimate performance through co-optimizing entire parameterized transmitters and receivers. This tutorial paper aims to provide an overview of ML for VCSEL-based OIs, with a focus on E2E approaches, dealing specifically with the unique challenges facing VCSELs, such as the wide temperature variations and complex models.
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| 250. |
- Stampoulidis, Leontios, et al.
(author)
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The European project Merlin on multi-gigabit, energy-efficient, ruggedized lightwave engines for advanced on-board digital processors
- 2017
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In: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 10563
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Modern broadband communication networks rely on satellites to complement the terrestrial telecommunication infrastructure. Satellites accommodate global reach and enable world-wide direct broadcasting by facilitating wide access to the backbone network from remote sites or areas where the installation of ground segment infrastructure is not economically viable. At the same time the new broadband applications increase the bandwidth demands in every part of the network - and satellites are no exception. Modern telecom satellites incorporate On-Board Processors (OBP) having analogue-to-digital (ADC) and digital-to-analogue converters (DAC) at their inputs/outputs and making use of digital processing to handle hundreds of signals; as the amount of information exchanged increases, so do the physical size, mass and power consumption of the interconnects required to transfer massive amounts of data through bulk electric wires.
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