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| 202. |
- Penolazzi, Sandro
(författare)
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A System-Level Framework for Energy and Performance Estimation in System-on-Chip Architectures
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Shifting the design entry point up to the system level is the most important countermeasure adopted to manage the increasing complexity of SoCs. The reason is that decisions taken at this level, early in the design cycle, have the greatest impact on the final design in terms of performance, energy efficiency and silicon area occupation. However, taking decisions at this level is very difficult, since the design space is extremely wide, and it has so far been mostly a manual activity. Efficient system-level estimation tools are therefore necessary to enable proper design-space exploration and the development of system-level synthesis tools. Proposing an efficient approach to system-level estimation is the main contribution of this thesis. The approach consists of three layers. The bottom layer relies on building a library of IP energy and performance models, where each IP functionality is pre-characterized. Characterization is done only once at the gate level, which gives high accuracy to the approach. The implementation of an energy and performance model for a Leon3 processor is reported as an example. The impact that the IP-to-IP communication infrastructure has over individual IP properties is also taken into account, for bus-based and NoC-based architectures. The intermediate layer is where the actual estimation takes place. At this level, applications are run and profiled on a development host (a common PC). This allows us to create a trace of the executed source code, which is then mapped to the assembly code of the target architecture. This operation allows a trace of target instructions to be indirectly built and confers high speed on the whole methodology. Once the target trace is inferred, energy and performance figures can be extracted by using the IP models from the bottom layer. To make the whole process possible, changes are made to the GNU GCC compiler. Estimation is shown for a few common image/video codec applications. The top layer is a refinement layer that accounts for the presence of caches and for the fact that multiple applications normally run concurrently, share the same resources and are controlled by an operating system. Statistical models are built to account for the impact of each of these components. An MPSoC hosting up to 15 processors and using both fixed-priority and round robin bus arbitration is used for modeling bus contention. The RTEMS operating system is taken as a reference to model the OS impact. Validation for each layer is also carried out. The results show that the approach is within 15% of gate-level accuracy and exhibits an average speed-up of 30X compared to transaction-level modeling (TLM).
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| 203. |
- Penolazzi, Sandro, et al.
(författare)
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Energy and Performance Model of a SPARC Leon3 Processor
- 2009
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 12TH EUROMICRO CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN, ARCHITECTURES, METHODS AND TOOLS. - LOS ALAMITOS : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9780769537825 ; , s. 651-656
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a general methodology to implement a processor energy model, based on instruction-level characterization, and we apply it to a SPARC-based Leon3 processor. The model is characterized by simulating back-annotated gate-level netlist and has two levels of accuracy: a coarse-grain estimation based on characterizing each single instruction and a fine-grain estimation accounting for the impact of instructions interdependency on energy and based on characterizing pairs of instructions together. Our investigation also keeps into account the effect that both data switching activity and registers correlation have on energy. We validate our model by applying it to a set of instruction traces generated by Instruction Set Simulation and compare it to extracting energy directly from gate level. We achieve a worst-case error similar or equal to 12% and a speedup higher than 1000 times.
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| 204. |
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| 205. |
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| 206. |
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| 207. |
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| 208. |
- Postula, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Controller Synthesis in LOGSYN
- 1990
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Ingår i: Logic and Architecture Synthesis for Silicon Compilers, Proceedings of the Intl. Workshop.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 209. |
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| 210. |
- Pudi, Dhilleswararao, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of Image Averaging on DRRA and DiMArch Architectures
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 36TH SBC/SBMICRO/IEEE/ACM SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS DESIGN, SBCCI. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 65-70
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Image averaging is a technique used in image processing to reduce the noise present in an image. Image averaging is computationally intensive, particularly when dealing with images with high resolutions and large sizes. Thus, employing specialized hardware, such as field programmable gate arrays and coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures, becomes essential for efficient implementations, surpassing the capability of general-purpose processors. This paper proposes various approaches for implementing image averaging using two coarse-grain reconfigurable fabrics: dynamically reconfigurable resource array and distributed memory architecture. Furthermore, we have discussed the implementation of image averaging on the target architecture for an input matrix of arbitrary size. Finally, the proposed approaches were compared with a field-programmable gate array-based implementation in terms of power dissipation. The experimental results show that the proposed approaches consume considerably less power than a field-programmable gate array-based implementation.
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