| 471. |
- Sjögren, Göran, et al.
(author)
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A 3-year follow-up study of preformed beta-quartz glass-ceramic insert restorations.
- 2000
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In: Quintessence International. - 0033-6572. ; 31:1, s. 25-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of preformed beta-quartz glass-ceramic insert restorations. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Nine Class I and 30 Class II beta-quartz glass-ceramic insert restorations were placed in 16 patients who were seen regularly by personnel at Umeå University Dental School. The California Dental Association criteria were used to evaluate the restorations at baseline, 6 months, and 1, 2, and 3 years after luting. The occurrence of postoperative sensitivity, the time taken to manufacture each restoration, and certain periodontal conditions were also evaluated. RESULTS: Sixty-nine percent of the restorations were rated satisfactory at the 3-year examination. During the follow-up period, 4 became loose and 7 were fractured or had flaking surfaces. Caries was registered in connection with 1 restoration. Excellent ratings were obtained for marginal integrity, anatomic form, surface, and color in 62%, 84%, 32%, and 44% of the restorations, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of plaque and bleeding on probing in comparison with the controls. The mean overall time for placement was 38 minutes. The estimated survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) was 59% after 3.5 years. CONCLUSION: The quality of the beta-quartz glass-ceramic restorations in the present study was inferior to that presented in most earlier studies of ceramic or resin composite posterior restorations placed in patients treated at university clinics. Both the technique and the beta-quartz glass-ceramic inserts have to be evaluated in more long-term studies to assess the possibility of their serving as an alternative restorative technique.
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| 472. |
- Sjögren, Harmeet, et al.
(author)
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Alcohol and unnatural deaths in Sweden: a medico-legal autopsy study.
- 2000
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In: Journal of Studies on Alcohol. - 0096-882X. ; 61:4, s. 507-14
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate alcohol involvement in all types of unnatural deaths in Sweden. METHOD: All cases of unnatural death that underwent medico-legal autopsies (1992-1996) in Sweden were analyzed (N = 15,630; i.e., 68% of all unnatural deaths). Alcohol was regarded as contributing to the death if: (1) there was any indication that the deceased was a "known alcoholic"; (2) the underlying or contributing causes of death were alcohol-related; (3) the deceased had alcohol-related inpatient diagnosis during a period of 3 years prior to death; or (4) the case tested positive for blood alcohol. RESULTS: Thirty-nine percent of the blood-tested cases (n = 13,099) were positive for alcohol. Almost 40% of the unnatural deaths were associated with alcohol. Alcohol involvement was most common in the intoxication group (84%), followed by the "undetermined" (65%), homicide (55%), fall (48%), fire (44%), asphyxia (41%), suicide (35%) and traffic (22%) groups. More than half (52%) of the deaths in the age group 30-60 years, 35% of those aged 0-29 years and 25% of those aged 60 and over were associated with alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: In Sweden, two of five unnatural deaths are associated with alcohol; this is a conservative estimate. Alcohol-associated mortality varies considerably between different groups of external causes of death, between men and women, and with age.
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| 473. |
- Sjögren, Harmeet, et al.
(author)
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Role of alcohol in unnatural deaths: a study of all deaths in Sweden.
- 2000
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In: Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research. - 0145-6008. ; 24:7, s. 1050-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Most previous research has concentrated on the role of alcohol in one type of unnatural death in a selected population, but the present objective was to investigate the role of alcohol in all unnatural deaths (autopsied and not autopsied). METHODS: All cases of unnatural death from 1992 through 1996 in Sweden were analyzed (n = 23,132). Death was attributed at least in part to alcohol if the deceased was a "known alcoholic"; if the underlying or contributing cause of death was alcohol-related; if the deceased had an alcohol-related inpatient diagnosis during the 3-year period prior to death; or if the deceased tested positive for blood alcohol. RESULTS: Just over 28% of the unnatural deaths could be associated with alcohol; the association with alcohol was more than twice as common in deaths of males (35%) as in females (16%). When only autopsied cases or only blood-tested cases were taken as the denominators, 38% and 44%, respectively, of the deaths were associated with alcohol. Alcohol involvement also was twice as common in intentional deaths (36%) as in unintentional deaths (18%). The intoxication group (78%) had the highest fraction of deaths that could be associated with alcohol, followed by the undetermined group (62%), homicide (49%), fire (41%), suicide (35%), asphyxia (29%), traffic (18%) and fall (9%) groups. In the 20- to 59-year age group, alcohol involvement was found in 51% of the males and 35% of the females (47% for males and females combined). CONCLUSIONS: The present estimates are conservative; alcohol involvement in unnatural deaths probably is even higher, up to 44% of the total. The present estimation is an important step in policy-making to lower the number of alcohol-related deaths in Sweden.
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| 474. |
- Sjölander, Annika
(author)
-
Att undra kring kärnavfall
- 2000
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In: Kulturella perspektiv - Svensk etnologisk tidskrift. - 1102-7908. ; :2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 475. |
- Sjölin, Petter, et al.
(author)
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Deacetylation of N-alpha-methylated glycopeptides reveals that aza-enolates provide protection against beta-elimination of carbohydrates O-linked to serine
- 2000
-
In: Tetrahedron Letters. ; 41, s. 4435-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three glycopeptides Ac-Ala-Ser[beta-Gal(OAc)(4)]-Phe-NH2, Ac-Ala-N-alpha-Me-Ser[beta-Gal(OAc)(4)]-Phe-NH2 and Ac-Ala-Ser[beta-Gal(OAc)(4)]-N-alpha-Me-Phe-NH2 have been prepared and treated with base in order to remove the O-acetyl protective groups. The glycopeptide which carried the N-methyl group on the glycosylated serine, was substantially more susceptible to beta-elimination than the two others. This reveals that formation of an aza-enolate from the amide bond to a glycosylated serine provides protection against p-elimination under basic conditions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 476. |
- Skärfstad, E, et al.
(author)
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Identification of an effector specificity subregion within the aromatic-responsive regulators DmpR and XylR by DNA shuffling.
- 2000
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In: Journal of Bacteriology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 182:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Pseudomonas derived sigma(54)-dependent regulators DmpR and XylR control the expression of genes involved in catabolism of aromatic compounds. Binding to distinct, nonoverlapping groups of aromatic effectors controls the activities of these transcriptional activators. Previous work has derived a common mechanistic model for these two regulators in which effector binding by the N-terminal 210 residues (the A-domain) of the protein relieves repression of an intrinsic ATPase activity essential for its transcription-promoting property and allows productive interaction with the transcriptional apparatus. Here we dissect the A-domains of DmpR and XylR by DNA shuffling to identify the region(s) that mediates the differences in the effector specificity profiles. Analysis of in vivo transcription in response to multiple aromatic effectors and the in vitro phenol-binding abilities of regulator derivatives with hybrid DmpR/XylR A-domains reveals that residues 110 to 186 are key determinants that distinguish the effector profiles of DmpR and XylR. Moreover, the properties of some mosaic DmpR/XylR derivatives reveal that high-affinity aromatic effector binding can be completely uncoupled from the ability to promote transcription. Hence, novel aromatic binding properties will only be translated into functional transcriptional activation if effector binding also triggers release of interdomain repression.
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| 477. |
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| 478. |
- Snell, James P, et al.
(author)
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Investigation of errors introduced by the species distribution of mercury in organic solutions on total mercury determination by electrothermal vaporisation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- 2000
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In: JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). ; 15:4, s. 397-402
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents an investigation into the potential and limitations of an ETV system for the determination of total mercury, present as different species, in organic solution. The thermal and chemical stability of four mercury species in an electrothermal vaporiser, ETV, coupled to an inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) mass spectrometer was investigated when samples of hydrocarbon products were introduced. Calibration by the method of isotope dilution was tested with an isotopically enriched standard of mercury diethyldithiocarbamate, (HgDDTC)-Hg-201, in toluene. Sulfur-containing compounds, different palladium solutions and gold metals were investigated for use as matrix modifiers. A combination of Pd(NO3)(2) in propanol with stabilising additives applied as a permanent modifier (A. Asheim, poster presentation, 3rd European Furnace Symposium, Prague, 1998) and thionyl chloride injected with each sample gave the most effective stabilisation of mercury species and reproducible signals with a relative standard deviation of 3% for 5 mu g l(-1) HgCl2. The recoveries, by isotope dilution, of HgCl2 and CH3HgCl in natural gas condensates ranged between 100 and 115%, while for Hg-0 and (CH3)(2)Hg only 48-65% was recovered with optimised conditions. Losses of the latter two species occurred on drying of the sample in the furnace prior to heating to the pyrolysis temperature. Systematic errors in total mercury determination were, therefore, found to occur for samples containing Hg-0 or (CH3)(2)Hg, even with isotope dilution calibration. The detection limit, based on 3s of 10 replicate measurements of the Hg-202(+) signal for toluene spiked with 6 mu g l(-1 201)HgDDTC, was 0.19 mu g l(-1).
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| 479. |
- Snell, James P, et al.
(author)
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Species specific isotope dilution calibration for determination of mercury species by gas chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma- or furnace atomisation plasma ionisation-mass spectrometry
- 2000
-
In: JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). ; 15:12, s. 1540-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Standard solutions of(CH3)(2)Hg, CH3HgCl and HgCl2 were prepared in toluene from isotopically enriched mercury. Methods for synthesising (CH3)(2)Hg and CH3HgCl, from HgCl2, were developed with reaction yields of 95.2% and 92.7%. respectively, without noticeable loss of isotope. Isotopically enriched species standards were then used for species specific isotope dilution calibration and method assurance tests for mercury species determination. An interface was built to couple a gas chromatograph (GC) to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) that resulted in rapid and efficient transfer of organic mercury compounds eluted from, natural gas condensates. Oxygen, introduced to the plasma auxiliary gas, reduced matrix interferences and improved sensitivity by a factor of two. The GC-ICP-MS method with species specific isotope dilution calibration gave recovery values of 97.7 +/- 2.0, 104.1 +/- 0.7 and 106.6 +/- 2.1% for (CH3)(2)Hg, CH3HgCl and HgCl2 respectively, in natural gas condensate compared to a standard solution of the species in toluene. Detection limits of the three species, calculated from 3s of the peak areas derived from 20 pg of the species (as Hg) in solution, were 8, 2 and 3 pg. Furnace atomisation plasma ionisation mass spectrometry (FAPIMS) was also evaluated as a detector with the GC methodology. When the plasma was operated with optimised conditions for the generation of elemental ions, recoveries were 100.0 +/- 2.9, 98.3 +/- 1.5 and 97.5 +/- 1.2% for (CH3)(2)Hg, CH3HgCl and HgCl2 in a 10% condensate solution, and a detection limit of 33 pg was obtained for methylmercury. A plasma was also generated and sustained with reduced rf power and graphite furnace temperature so that molecular ions and fragments were produced and detected by the same spectrometer, which demonstrated the potential of FAPIMS as a sensitive elemental detector additionally capable of providing molecular mass spectra for the identification of species eluted from a GC column.
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| 480. |
- Spandow, Odd, et al.
(author)
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Lateral sinus thrombosis after untreated otitis media : A clinical problem – again?
- 2000
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In: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - 0937-4477 .- 1434-4726. ; 257:1, s. 1-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Antimicrobial agents have greatly reduced the incidence of intracranial complications of infections of the middle ear and mastoid. Too many prescriptions and overconsumption of antibiotics when otitis media is suspected has caused resistance to many antibiotics, leading to a pronounced and justifiable desire to reduce the widespread excessive use of antibiotics. The possible untoward consequences of a too restricted antibiotic policy, however, is illustrated by the following case of a 14-year-old boy who, after non-treatment of an ear infection, fell ill with one-sided headache and vomiting caused by a lateral sinus thrombosis. After intravenous treatment with antibiotics, anticoagulants and ventilation of the middle ear, the infection was cured without complications. This case calls attention to the symptoms of otitic complications arising outside the temporal bone. The physician must always bear in mind the possibility of an unusual event. The general treatment of endocranial complications is outlined, giving details of the treatment given in this special case. We stress that one should not be too cautious in prescribing antibiotics in otitis media.
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