| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Bengtsson, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Insidesaktivism som en strategi att kontrollera produktionsmedlen? : - Ett exempel från skogsbruket
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I artikeln integreras begreppet insidesaktivism med det bredare begreppet rent-seeking och insikter i hur transaktionskostnaderna är avgörande för hur produktion organiseras. Ansatsen är att förstå vilken roll insidesaktivismen spelar för produktionens organisering. För att uppnå detta konstrueras en modell över produktionens organisering som utgår från konsumenten som avgörande aktör och där insidesaktivism ingår som en av flera möjliga strategier för konsumenten att komma i åtkomst av önskad konsumtion. I arbetet utnyttjas som exempel aktuella konflikter i Sverige om hur skogsbruket ska bedrivas, vilket möjliggör en mer konkret framställning av den framtagna modellen samt ger vissa insikter i konflikternas natur. Med hjälp av modellen kan också insidesaktivsmens troliga effekter diskuteras, med utgångspunkt i den aktuella konflikten, och det konstateras att det finns tre olika slags risker med insidesaktivism, risker ur perspektiven av samhällsekonomisk effektivitet respektive demokratiska och rättsliga principer.
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| 34. |
- Ellingsen, Tore, et al.
(författare)
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A Model of Social Duties
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We develop a formal model of social duties. Duties to respect entitlements (duties of justice) differ from duties to promote well-being (duties of charity). A situation- specific version of our model takes entitlements as primitives. A fully portable ver- sion derives entitlements from situational characteristics. Utility functions obtain kinks where duties of justice and charity are exactly satisfied. Actions at these kinks are candidates for descriptive social norms. Empirically, duties are identified using Krupka-Weber appropriateness ratings, with negative ratings indicating entitlement violations. The model’s predictions are confronted with established regularities and new survey evidence in seven pre-registered applications.
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| 35. |
- Ellingsen, Tore, et al.
(författare)
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Decency
- 2019
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We develop a formal theory of decency. Shared values and understandings give rise to social norms. Norms may mandate collectively optimal behavior, but they need not do so. Furthermore, behavior can be affected by social values even if it stops short of norm compliance. Seeking stronger predictions, we propose a structural model of social values; society endorses efficiency and equality, but condemns ill-gotten gains. The model implies that decent people will tend to avoid situations that encourage prosocial behavior. It also rationalizes the existence of willful ignorance, intention-based negative reciprocity, and betrayal aversion.
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| 36. |
- Holm, Hj, et al.
(författare)
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Selfies, therefore Selfish? An Experiment on the Impact and Value of a Selfie
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We investigate whether taking a selfie affects our willingness to cooperate and what factors affect our willingness to publish certain information on the web. Consistent with behavioral addiction theories, taking a selfie has a strong negative impact on cooperation among subjects who take selfies frequently, but not on other subjects. We also find that adding a selfie to information about the subject's degree of cooperation will increase the subject's unwillingness to publish her information. This selfie premium is significantly negatively correlated with the subject's degree of cooperation. Furthermore, we find lower heterogeneity in the premium demanded for publishing a subject's degree of cooperation when it is accompanied by a selfie, as subjects become less concerned about hiding or promoting their contribution.
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| 37. |
- Dietrichson, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Increased Competition on Quality of Primary Care in Sweden
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the last decades, many health systems have implemented policies to make care providers engage in quality competition. But care quality is a multi-dimensional concept, and competition may have different impacts on different dimensions of quality. The empirical evidence on competition and care quality is scarce, in particular regarding primary care. This paper adds evidence from recent reforms of Swedish primary care that affected competition in municipal markets differently depending on the pre- reform market structure. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we demonstrate that the reforms led to substantially more entry of private care providers in municipalities where there were many patients per provider before the reforms. The effects on primary care quality in these municipalities are modest: we find small improvements in subjective measures of overall care quality, but no significant effects on the rate of avoidable hospitalizations or patients’ satisfaction with access to care. We find no indications of quality reductions.
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| 38. |
- Malmström, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Fördelar med en global klimatskatt för jordbruket
- 2022
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Ingår i: Policy brief / AgriFood Economics Centre.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Jordbruket står för en stor del av de globala utsläppen av växthusgaser och ett globalt klimatavtal skulle minska utsläppen. Ett sådant avtal är emellertid svårt att nå. Vi har undersökt hur utsläppen från jordbruket påverkas av en global klimatskatt i olika utformningar och av en klimatskatt som endast införs i EU. Vi finner att: • En global skatt som är lika hög i alla länder ger en relativt stor utsläppsminskning redan vid en låg ambitionsnivå. • Den globala skatten kan vara en tiondel så hög som EUskatten och ändå ge betydligt större utsläppsminskningar. • En global skatt som differentieras så att den är lägre i fattigare länder riskerar att starkt minska klimatnyttan.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Labbas, Elisa, et al.
(författare)
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Unpaid care for parents, coresidence, and psychological well-being among older working-age men and women across Europe
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Given population aging and the emphasis on in-home care, more working-age adults face demands of providing unpaid care to the elderly with potential implications for their wellbeing. Such effects likely vary across Europe because care is differently organized with more or less public support, dependence on family, and orientation toward gender equality. We studied the relationship between unpaid caregiving to elderly parents and psychological wellbeing of older working-age (50-64) men and women in a pan-European context analysing data from the Survey of Health, Retirement, and Ageing in Europe (SHARE), covering 18 countries between 2004 and 2020 (N=24,338) and estimating ordinary least squares and fixed effects models. We examined depression and quality of life by caregiving intensity and tested whether coresidence mediated outcomes. Women and men who provide care to parents experience important psychological well-being losses across Europe, especially when caregiving is intensive. A heavier caregiving burden associated with coresidence explains a regime gradient in depression, not least for women in Southern Europe. Outcomes depend on context rather than objective burden of care because even women in the Nordic countries experience increased risk of depression associated with caregiving. Results highlight spillover costs of unpaid caregiving across Europe and the need to address caregiver psychological well-being, especially in contexts where state support for elderly care is low and coresidence is common.
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