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| 2. |
- Augustsson, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Social and medical risk indicators for 8-year mortality in a Swedish urban elderly population
- 2003
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Ingår i: Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. ; 36:2, s. 155-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate social and medical risk indicators for mortality in an urban elderly population. Altogether 217 subjects (144 women and 73 men, mean age 78 years, range 69–96 years of age) participated in an examination 1990/91. Eighty-eight persons (55 women and 33 men) had died, and 129 subjects (89 women and 40 men) were alive January 1, 1999. Several risk indicators were found and those with the highest statistical explanatory power to predict mortality were: tremor, inability for heavy housework, a pathological second heart sound, low triceps skinfold, low diastolic blood pressure and decreased appetite. A multivariate model (MVM) utililizing both social and medical risk indicators, and a clinical model (CM) based on the judgement of a registered nurse identified 49 and 34%, respectively, of those who died during the 8-year period (n=88). A third risk group, the intervention group, comprising individuals selected by either the MVM or CM models, identified 56% of those who died. The latter procedure could be used to define risk groups for mortality in future intervention studies. The combination of social and medical risk indicators in MVM, and a CM might be used in studies with larger sample sizes in order to increase the knowledge in this field.
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| 3. |
- Augustsson, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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The Johanneberg Study: a Social Survey in an Urban Elderly Population. I. General presentation of the study including an analysis of non-response and identification of risk groups
- 1993
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicin. ; 22:4, s. 283-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is the Swedish part of a world-wide transcultural and interdisciplinary study in elderly populations which addresses food habits, health and life-style. The aim of this paper is to present the general design including an analysis of non-response, and to identify risk-groups for intervention programmes. The study comprised 217 noninstitutionalized males (n = 73) and females (n = 144), aged 70 and over (mean age 78 years) in a small urban area. Home visits and clinical examinations with standard methods were used. The participation rate was 76%. Significant differences between non-respondents and respondents could be seen, which may be important when planning health promotion. On the basis of experience during the examinations, a risk-group was identified for prospective and intervention study purpose, based on a multiple variable model and a clinical model.
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| 4. |
- Bosaeus, Ingvar, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Nutrition and physical activity for the prevention and treatment of age-related sarcopenia
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0029-6651 .- 1475-2719. ; 75:2, s. 174-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sarcopenia, defined as loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is associated with adverse outcomes such as physical disability, impaired quality of life and increased mortality. Several mechanisms are involved in the development of sarcopenia. Potentially modifiable factors include nutrition and physical activity. Protein metabolism is central to the nutritional issues, along with other potentially modifying nutritional factors as energy balance and vitamin D status. An increasing but still incomplete knowledge base has generated recent recommendations on an increased protein intake in the elderly. Several factors beyond the total amount of protein consumed emerge as potentially important in this context. A recent summit examined three hypotheses: (1) A meal threshold; habitually consuming 25-30 g protein at breakfast, lunch and dinner provides sufficient protein to effectively stimulate muscle protein anabolism; (2) Protein quality; including high-quality protein at each meal improves postprandial muscle protein synthesis; and (3) performing physical activity in close temporal proximity to a high-quality protein meal enhances muscle anabolism. Optimising the potential for muscle protein anabolism by consuming an adequate amount of high-quality protein at each meal, in combination with physical activity, appears as a promising strategy to prevent or delay the onset of sarcopenia. However, results of interventions are inconsistent, and well-designed, standardised studies evaluating exercise or nutrition interventions are needed before guidelines can be developed for the prevention and treatment of age-related sarcopenia.
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| 5. |
- Cabrera-Moksnes, Claudia, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-economic gradient in food selection and diet quality among 70-year olds
- 2007
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Ingår i: The journal of nutrition, health & aging. - 1279-7707 .- 1760-4788. ; 11:6, s. 466-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess social disparities in food choices and diet quality in a population of 70-year old Swedes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study among participants in the 2000 Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies in Goteborg. PARTICIPANTS: A representative population of men (n=233) and women (n=321) from Goteborg, a city on the south western coast of Sweden. METHODS: One hour diet history interviews were performed and 35 specific foods and food groups were identified; in addition a diet quality index (DQI) was calculated. Differences in food choices and diet quality scores were tested across educational and socio-economic index categories (SEI). RESULTS: Men with higher education and SEI had higher diet quality scores than those with lower socio-economic status, while no differences in DQI were noted in women. Further analysis of women based on their husband's occupational group also yielded no differences in diet quality. When studying individual foods, socio-economic differences were observed in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: Selection of food varies by education and occupational status in both sexes although socio-economic disparities in diet quality were observed in men only.
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| 7. |
- Copland, Lotta, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle mass and exercise capacity in cancer patients after major upper gastrointestinal surgery.
- 2010
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Ingår i: e-SPEN, the European e-journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. - 1751-4991. ; 5:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & aims Nutritional therapy has traditionally been evaluated by changes in weight and in food intake, while body composition and function may be of greater clinical significance. We investigated relationships between total body skeletal muscle mass (TBSMM), energy balance and exercise capacity in 41 patients before, 6 and 12 months after curatively intended major upper gastrointestinal surgery. Methods TBSMM and body energy content were assessed by DXA. Exercise capacity was measured on a treadmill. Energy balance was defined as the difference in body energy content at two points in time. Results During the first postoperative year average weight loss was 7% although 1 our of 3 patients remained weight stable (WS). Average TBSMM decreased significantly at 6 months (0.9 kg, p < 0.01), but was regained at 12 months, as was exercise capacity. 72% of weight losing patients (WL) lost TBSMM compared to 17% of WS patients, p < 0.01. Both TBSMM and changes in TBSMM, but not changes in energy content, were correlated to exercise capacity, r2 = 0.49, p < 0.001 and r2 = 0.15, p < 0.05 respectively. Conclusions TBSMM and exercise capacity were clearly related in cancer patients after major upper gastrointestinal surgery, as were changes in TBSMM and exercise capacity. Energy balance was not directly correlated to exercise capacity, but more WS than WL patients increased their TBSMM indicating a possible influence by energy balance.
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| 8. |
- Copland, Lotta, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Validity of the ActiReg system and a physical activity interview in assessing total energy expenditure in long-term survivors after total gastrectomy.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1983 .- 0261-5614. ; 27:6, s. 842-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Malnutrition is common after total gastrectomy. There is a need for clinically useful methods to assess energy requirements. We aimed to validate measurements of energy expenditure by an activity monitor (ActiReg) and a physical activity interview (HPAQ(modified)), in long-term survivors after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma, using doubly labelled water as reference method. METHODS: Total energy expenditure (TEE) was estimated by DLW (14 days), ActiReg (3 days) and HPAQ(modified) (7 days) in 15 patients. Measurements were repeated after 12 months. Basal metabolic rate was measured with indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: ActiReg and HPAQ(modified) both underestimated TEE by 180 (+/-254 SD) and 130 (+/-326 SD)kcalday(-1), i.e. 14% vs. 12%, respectively. However, this was evident only at higher levels of physical activity (PAL(DLW)> or =1.65), whereas at lower levels (PAL<1.65) no difference was found. There were no changes in TEE over time independent of the method used. DLW and ActiReg had approximately the same width of the 95% confidence interval of this estimate, while it was 2.4 times larger by HPAQ(modified). CONCLUSION: Both simple methods underestimated total energy expenditure at higher, but not at lower physical activity levels. The ActiReg method appears useful to estimate changes in TEE over time.
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| 9. |
- Eiben, Gabriele, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Obesity in 70-year-old Swedes: secular changes over 30 years
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Nature Publishing Group. ; 29:7, s. 810-817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Göteborg University, Sweden. gabriele.eiben@medfak.gu.se OBJECTIVE: Secular increases in obesity have been widely reported in middle-aged adults, but less is known about such trends among the elderly. The primary purpose of this paper is to document the most recent wave of the obesity epidemic in population-based samples of 70-y-old men and women from Göteborg. Additionally, we will investigate the influences of physical activity, smoking and education on these secular trends. POPULATIONS AND METHODS: Five population-based samples of 3702 70-y-olds (1669 men and 2033 women) in Göteborg, Sweden, born between 1901 and 1930, were examined in the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies (H70) between 1971 and 2000. Cohort differences in anthropometric measures were the main outcomes studied. Physical activity, smoking habits and education were assessed by comparable methods in all cohorts. Subsamples of the women in the latest two cohorts (birth years 1922 and 1930) were also part of the Prospective Population Study of Women in Göteborg. In these women, it was possible to examine body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR) longitudinally since 1968. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Significant upward trends were found for height, weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), WHR, prevalence of overweight (BMI> or =25 kg/m(2)) and obesity (BMI> or =30 kg/m(2)) across cohorts in both sexes. In 2000, 20% of the 70-y-old men born in 1930 were obese, and the largest increment (almost doubling) had occurred between the early 1980s and the early 1990s. In 70-y-old women the prevalence of obesity was 24% in 2000, a 50% increase compared to the cohort born 8 y earlier. BMI increased over time in all physical activity, smoking and education groups, with the exception of never-smoking men. Although 70-y-old women in 2000 were heavier than cohorts examined 8 y previously, data from the women studied longitudinally revealed that these differences were already present in earlier adulthood. In conclusion, the elderly population is very much part of the obesity epidemic, although secular trends in BMI were detected slightly earlier in men than in women. The health implications of these secular trends should be focused on in future gerontological research. PMID: 15917864 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 10. |
- Eiben, Gabriele, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Secular trends in diet among elderly Swedes - cohort comparisons over three decades
- 2004
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. ; 7:5, s. 637-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Box 454, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. gabriele.eiben@medfak.gu.se OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare dietary practices among different birth cohorts of 70-year-old Swedes, who were examined between 1971 and 2000. SETTING: Göteborg, Sweden. DESIGN: Four population-based samples of 1360 70-year-olds, born in 1901, 1911, 1922 and 1930, have undergone health examinations and dietary assessments over a period of almost three decades. One-hour diet history (DH) interviews were conducted in 1971, 1981, 1992 and 2000 with a total of 758 women and 602 women. The formats and contents of the dietary examinations were similar over the years. Statistical analysis of linear trends was conducted, using year of examination as the independent variable, to detect secular trends in food and nutrient intakes across cohorts. RESULTS: At the 2000 examination, the majority of 70-year-olds consumed nutritionally adequate diets. Later-born cohorts consumed more yoghurt, breakfast cereals, fruit, vegetables, chicken, rice and pasta than earlier-born cohorts. Consumption of low-fat spread and milk also increased, along with that of wine, light beer and candy. In contrast, potatoes, cakes and sugar were consumed less in 2000 than in 1971. The ratio of reported energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate did not show any systematic trend over time in women, but showed a significant upward trend in men. CONCLUSIONS: The diet history method has captured changes in food selections in the elderly without changing in general format over three decades. Dietary quality has improved in a number of ways, and these findings in the elderly are consistent with national food consumption trends in the general population. PMID: 15251054 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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