| 1. |
- Colombini, Manuela, et al.
(författare)
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Agenda setting and framing of gender-based violence in Nepal : how it became a health issue.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Health Policy and Planning. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1080 .- 1460-2237. ; 31:4, s. 493-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gender-based violence (GBV) has been addressed as a policy issue in Nepal since the mid 1990s, yet it was only in 2010 that Nepal developed a legal and policy framework to combat GBV. This article draws on the concepts of agenda setting and framing to analyse the historical processes by which GBV became legitimized as a health policy issue in Nepal and explored factors that facilitated and constrained the opening and closing of windows of opportunity. The results presented are based on a document analysis of the policy and regulatory framework around GBV in Nepal. A content analysis was undertaken. Agenda setting for GBV policies in Nepal evolved over many years and was characterized by the interplay of political context factors, actors and multiple frames. The way the issue was depicted at different times and by different actors played a key role in the delay in bringing health onto the policy agenda. Women's groups and less powerful Ministries developed gender equity and development frames, but it was only when the more powerful human rights frame was promoted by the country's new Constitution and the Office of the Prime Minister that legislation on GBV was achieved and a domestic violence bill was adopted, followed by a National Plan of Action. This eventually enabled the health frame to converge around the development of implementation policies that incorporated health service responses. Our explicit incorporation of framing within the Kindgon model has illustrated how important it is for understanding the emergence of policy issues, and the subsequent debates about their resolution. The framing of a policy problem by certain policy actors, affects the development of each of the three policy streams, and may facilitate or constrain their convergence. The concept of framing therefore lends an additional depth of understanding to the Kindgon agenda setting model.
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| 2. |
- Mood, Carina, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in Child Poverty in Sweden : Parental and Child Reports
- 2016
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Ingår i: Child Indicators Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1874-897X .- 1874-8988. ; 9:3, s. 825-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use several family-based indicators of household poverty as well as child-reported economic resources and problems to unravel child poverty trends in Sweden. Our results show that absolute (bread-line) household income poverty, as well as economic deprivation, increased with the recession 1991–96, then reduced and has remained largely unchanged since 2006. Relative income poverty has however increased since the mid-1990s. When we measure child poverty by young people’s own reports, we find few trends between 2000 and 2011. The material conditions appear to have improved and relative poverty has changed very little if at all, contrasting the development of household relative poverty. This contradictory pattern may be a consequence of poor parents distributing relatively more of the household income to their children in times of economic duress, but future studies should scrutinze potentially delayed negative consequences as poor children are lagging behind their non-poor peers. Our methodological conclusion is that although parental and child reports are partly substitutable, they are also complementary, and the simultaneous reporting of different measures is crucial to get a full understanding of trends in child poverty.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Mood, Carina
(författare)
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Take-up Down Under : Hits and Misses of Means-Tested Benefits in Australia
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Sociological Review. - : Oxford Journals. - 0266-7215 .- 1468-2672. ; 22:4, s. 443-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research has revealed considerable non-take-up rates of benefits in western welfare states, which has raised concern that benefits fail to reach their objectives. Most research has focused on means-tested benefits, partly because they are believed to be subject to high stigma deterring people from take-up. I study the take-up of such benefits in Australia, where virtually all cash benefits are means-tested. Using data from the first two waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics Australia (HILDA) survey, I estimate the general take-up rate of benefits among people with low assets and incomes and carry out a detailed analysis of take-up of one particular benefit, Parenting Payment. Contrary to the traditional conception of selective welfare states as highly stigmatizing, I find no evidence of a particularly low degree of take-up, and I suggest that stigma of means-tested benefits in Australia may on average be low because they target a relatively large proportion of the population. However, non-take-up appears to be considerable in some population categories where stigma is likely to be relatively high.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Moodie, Katherine F., et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship of Ultrasound Measurements of Muscle Deformation With Torque and Electromyography During Isometric Contractions of the Cervical Extensor Muscles
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. - : MOSBY-ELSEVIER. - 0161-4754 .- 1532-6586. ; 43:4, s. 284-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Speckle tracking analysis (STA) of ultrasound (US) images quantifies the longitudinal deformation of a region of muscle tissue to provide a mechanical measure of muscle activity. As the validity and reliability of this method has not yet been adequately assessed, the aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of STA in the dorsal neck muscles during isometric neck extension contractions. Methods: Twenty volunteers performed 3 repetitions of isometric neck extension in a dynamometer at 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of maximal voluntary torque while US and surface electromyography (EMG) data were recorded. Speckle tracking analysis was then used to calculate measurements of muscle deformation. The relationship among torque, muscle deformation (separate for each muscle and summed), and EMG was evaluated using linear regressions and Spearmans correlation coefficients. The reliability of EMG and muscle deformation was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: Muscle deformation in 4 of the 5 muscles when examined separately and collectively was significantly related to torque (P < .05); however, the relationship was weak (r(2) = 0.03-0.18). In contrast, a strong linear relationship was observed between torque and EMG (P < .001, r(2) = 0.83). Poor to moderate reliability of muscle deformation measures (ICC: 0.02-0.69) was found compared with EMG, which was highly reliable (ICC: 0.67-0.90). Conclusion: These results suggest that the validity of US STA measurements for isometric contractions of the dorsal neck muscles is questionable. Further investigation into this method is required before it can be used as a tool to measure muscle activity.
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| 7. |
- Moodie, Lindon W. K., et al.
(författare)
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Natural cholinesterase inhibitors from marine organisms
- 2019
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Ingår i: Natural product reports (Print). - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0265-0568 .- 1460-4752. ; 36:8, s. 1053-1092
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inhibition of cholinesterases is a common approach for the management of several disease states. Most notably, cholinesterase inhibitors are used to alleviate the symptoms of neurological disorders like dementia and Alzheimer's disease and treat myasthenia gravis and glaucoma. Historically, most drugs of natural origin have been isolated from terrestrial sources and inhibitors of cholinesterases are no exception. However, the last 50 years have seen a rise in the quantity of marine natural products with close to 25 000 reported in the scientific literature. A number of marine natural products with potent cholinesterase inhibitory properties have also been reported; isolated from a variety of marine sources from algae to ascidians. Representing a diverse range of structural classes, these compounds provide inspirational leads that could aid the development of therapeutics. The current paper aims to, for the first time, comprehensively summarize the literature pertaining to cholinesterase inhibitors derived from marine sources, including the first papers published in 1974 up to 2018. The review does not report bioactive extracts, only isolated compounds, and a specific focus lies on compounds with reported doseresponse data. In vivo and mechanistic data is included for compounds where this is reported. In total 185 marine cholinesterase inhibitors and selected analogs have been identified and reported and some of the compounds display inhibitory activities comparable or superior to cholinesterase inhibitors in clinical use.
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| 10. |
- Insulander Björk, Klara L, 1982
(författare)
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A BWR fuel assembly design for efficient use of plutonium in thorium–plutonium fuel
- 2013
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Ingår i: Progress in Nuclear Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0149-1970. ; 65, s. 56-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to develop an optimized BWR fuel assembly design for thorium–plutonium fuel. In this work, the optimization goal is to maximize the amount of energy that can be extracted from a certain amount of plutonium, while maintaining acceptable values of the neutronic safety parameters such as reactivity coefficients, shutdown margins and power distribution. The factors having the most significant influence on the neutronic properties are the hydrogen-to-heavy-metal ratio, the distribution of the moderator within the fuel assembly, the initial plutonium fraction in the fuel and the radial distribution of the plutonium in the fuel assembly. The study begins with an investigation of how these factors affect the plutonium requirements and the safety parameters. The gathered knowledge is then used to develop and evaluate a fuel assembly design. The main characteristics of this fuel design are improved Pu efficiency, very high fractional Pu burning and neutronic safety parameters compliant with current demands on UOX fuel.
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