| 41. |
- Boschini, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Men among Men Don’t Take Norm Enforcement Seriously
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of Socio-Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-5357 .- 1879-1239. ; 40, s. 523-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While there is ample evidence of a society-wide cooperation norm, it is not as clear who upholds this norm. In the present paper, we investigate whether there are gender differences with respect to norm enforcement. We let 1403 subjects play games of punishment and reward, individually or in groups with varying gender composition. Broadly, the results indicate that there are no clear gender differences: men are about as inclined as women to punish norm-breakers. However, behavior is context-dependent: men acting among other men are less inclined to uphold a cooperation norm than are women, or men in gender-mixed groups.
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| 42. |
- Gerdes, Christer, 1970-
(författare)
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The Impact of Immigration on the Size of Government : Empirical Evidence from Danish Municipalities
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. - : Wiley. - 0347-0520 .- 1467-9442. ; 113:1, s. 74-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have reported a negative relationship between ethnic heterogeneity and the size of the public sector. One problem with this literature is that ethnic composition is hardly exogenous, which obstructs attempts to reveal causal mechanisms. This paper explores the impact of changes in ethnic heterogeneity in Danish municipalities from 1995 through 2001, a period marked by an unprecedented influx of refugees. A state-sponsored placement policy restricted their choice of residence and required local governments to accept them as citizens. The analysis of the impact of this influx has not revealed any support for the claim of a decline in public sector size.
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| 43. |
- Lindbeck, Assar, et al.
(författare)
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A Continuous Theory of Income Insurance
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we treat an individual’s health as a continuous variable, in contrast to the traditional literature on income insurance, where it is regularly treated as a binary variable. This is not a minor technical matter; in fact, a continuous treatment of an individual’s health sheds new light on the role and functioning of income insurance and makes it possible to capture a number of real-world phenomena that are not easily captured in binary models. In particular, moral hazard is not regarded as outright fraud, but as a gradual adjustment of the willingness to go to work when income insurance is available. Further, the model can easily encompass phenomena such as administrative rejection of claims and the role of social norms. It also gives a rich view of the desirability of insurance in the first place.
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| 44. |
- Mueller, Andreas, 1979-
(författare)
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Business Cycles, Unemployment and Job Search : Essays in Macroeconomics and Labor Economics
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four essays. The first essay, "Separations, Sorting and Cyclical Unemployment", establishes a new fact about the compositional changes in the pool of unemployed over the U.S. business cycle and evaluates a number of theories that can potentially explain it. Using longitudinal micro-data from the Current Population Survey 1979-2008, it documents that in recessions the pool of unemployed shifts towards workers with high wages in their previous job. The essay also shows that a search-matching model with endogenous separations and worker heterogeneity in terms of ability has difficulty in explaining these patterns, but an extension of the model with credit-constraint shocks does much better in accounting for the new fact. The second essay, "The Lot of the Unemployed: A Time Use Perspective", provides new evidence on the time use of employed and unemployed individuals in 14 countries. It devotes particular attention to characterizing and modeling job search intensity, measured by the amount of time devoted to searching for a new job. Job search intensity varies considerably across countries, and is higher in countries that have higher wage dispersion. The third essay, "Job Search and Unemployment Insurance: New Evidence from Time Use Data", examines the relationship between Unemployment Insurance and job search intensity. Among the major findings are that, across the U.S. states, job search is inversely related to the generosity of unemployment benefits and that job search intensity for those eligible for Unemployment Insurance increases prior to benefit exhaustion. The fourth essay, "On-the-Job Search and Wage Dispersion: New Evidence from Time Use Data", finds that on-the-job search effort, modeled as time allocated to job search activities, is decreasing in the wage of the current job. The evidence presented is consistent with models where similar workers face wage dispersion and invest time in order to find better paying jobs.
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| 45. |
- Pettersson-Lidbom, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Behavior under social pressure : Empty Italian stadiums and referee bias
- 2010
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Ingår i: Economics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1765 .- 1873-7374. ; 108:2, s. 212-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to tightened safety regulation, some Italian soccer teams had to temporarily play home matches in empty stadiums in 2007. We exploit this event and find that referees exhibited home bias caused by social pressure when spectators were present.
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| 46. |
- Hermelin, Brita, et al.
(författare)
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Reconsidering the Geographical Flows of the Global Knowledge Economy : The Example of Indian ICT-Based Knowledge Flows to Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal for Digital Society (IJDS). - 2040-2570. ; 2:2, s. 451-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the geographical flows of the global knowledge economy and their unstable and rapidly changing nature. We use the development of activities in ICT (information and communication technology) in India and its connections to Sweden to illustrate changes in international business. The article explores the ways in which transformations in geography and spatial relations, politics and management are causes and effects of rapid and profound transformations in the global economy. The transformations we illustrate provide reasons to reconsider the conventional idea of uneven power relations in the world, between the stronger “global North” and the weaker “global South”. Firms based in the global South and in India develop their organizations and capabilities to compete for market share worldwide, and on the same basis as firms based in the global North.
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| 47. |
- Holmqvist, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Managing Healthy Organizations : worksite health promotion and the new self-management paradigm
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The corporate management has come to take an active role in health promotion programming for employees, offering health education, screenings, therapy, and even leisure initiatives. This title argues that this narrow focus, and the typical uncritical standpoint towards initiatives which are taken in the name of employees' health, is inadequate.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Olovsson, Conny
(författare)
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Quantifying the risk-sharing welfare gains of social security
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Monetary Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3932 .- 1873-1295. ; 57:3, s. 364-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The welfare effects of intergenerational risk sharing through a pay-as-you-go social security system that is efficiently indexed to wages or interest rates are quantified. Comparing steady states, there are large welfare gains of being born into an economy with efficient risk sharing as compared to the current U.S. system. Efficient policy involves an increasingly risky net of tax income over the life cycle. When adjustment to steady state is taken into account, the welfare gains largely turn negative. The results are also compared and contrasted to the first best allocation.
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| 50. |
- Caldara, Dario, 1982-
(författare)
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Essays on Empirical Macroeconomics
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four essays in empirical macroeconomics. What Are the Effects of Fiscal Policy Shocks? A VAR-Based Comparative Analysis The literature using structural vector autoregressions (SVARs) to assess the effects of fiscal policy shocks strongly disagrees on the qualitative and quantitative response of key macroeconomic variables. We find that controlling for differences in specification of the reduced-form model, all identification approaches used in the literature yield similar results regarding the effects of government spending shocks, but diverging results regarding the effects of tax shocks. The Analytics of SVARs. A Unified Framework to Measure Fiscal Multipliers Does fiscal policy stimulate output? SVARs have been used to address this question, but no stylized facts have emerged. I show that different priors about the output elasticities of tax revenue and government expenditures implied by the identification schemes generate a large dispersion in the estimates of tax and spending multipliers. I estimate fiscal multipliers consistent with prior distributions of the elasticities computed by a variety of empirical strategies. I document that in the U.S. spending multipliers are larger than the tax multipliers. Computing DSGE Models with Recursive Preferences and Stochastic Volatility This paper compares solution methods for computing the equilibrium of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models with recursive preferences and stochastic volatility. The main finding is that a third-order perturbation is competitive in terms of accuracy with Chebyshev polynomials and value function iteration, while being an order of magnitude faster to run. Business Cycle Accounting and Misspecified DSGE Models This paper investigates how insights from the literature on business cycle accounting can be used to trace out the implications of missing channels in a baseline estimated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model used for forecast and policy analysis.
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