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  • Resultat 881441-881450 av 1642708
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881441.
  • Lindbeck, Assar, et al. (författare)
  • Strategic Interaction with Altruism : The Economics of Fait Accompli
  • 1987
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The present paper analyzes the strategic and intertemporal insteraction between two well-informed economic agents, who have more or less "altruistic" preferences vis-à-vis each others. The agents may be two individuals, a social bureau and a client, or two units in an organization, etc. It is shown that the presence of altruism in such situations easily leads to socially inefficient outcomes, in which one economic agent "free-rides" on the other's altruism. In the paper, a formal definition of free-riding is suggested, and necessary and sufficient conditions are given for it to occur in subgame perfect equilibrium. We also discuss how such free-riding might be mitigated by social security systems.
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881442.
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881443.
  • Lindbeck, Assar (författare)
  • Sustainable Social Spending
  • 2005
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The paper discusses a number of threats to the financial sustainability of social spending: increased internationalization of national economies, gradually higher relative costs of producing a number of human services, the ”graying” of the population, slower productivity growth in the private sector, low employment rates, and various types of disincentive effects related to the welfare state itself, including services and disincentive effects of welfare-state arrangements, in particular moral hazard and benefit dependency, are more difficult to deal with than the other threats. I also discuss the choice between ad hoc policy reforms and automatic adjustment mechanisms, delegated to administrative bodies, for dealing with these threats.
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881444.
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881445.
  • Lindbeck, Assar (författare)
  • Swedish Lessons for Post-Socialist Countries
  • 1998
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • When reforming their own countries, several observers, ideologues and politicians in former socialist countries have pointedf to Sweden as a blueprint. It is then believed that Sweden, or the "Swedish model", has combined the efficiency, dynamism and flexibility of capitalist market economies with the economic security and egalitarianism so highly evaluated by many social liberals and socialists. An analysis of the Swedish experience, and its relevance for former socialist countries, may therefore be of rather general interest. When addressing this issue, it is important to realize that basic features of the economic and social system in Sweden have changed considerably over time. Though attempts to divide history into periods are hazardous, in this paper I partition modern economic and social history in Sweden into three periods. The first is the century-long time span from about 1870 to 1970, which may be called "the period of decentralization and small government". During this period, the economic system in Sweden did not differ much from those in other countries in Western Europe, although Sweden was probably one of the least regulated economies in this part of the world. The second period, from 1970 to 1985/90, may be characterized as a "period of centralizaion and large government". In this time span, Sweden acquired idiosyncratic features, though still within the framework of a capitalist market economy. The third period, from 1985/90 onwards, may be regarded as a "period of transition" due to deregulation of markets for capital and foreign exchange, intensified importance of private saving and private supply of capital, comprehensive tax reforms (with lower rates, a broader base and fewer asymmetries), a shift of the macroeconomic policy regime towards greater emphasis on price stability, a stricter budget process in the public sector, as well as some (modest) attempts to reform and rewind various welfare-state arrangements. The paper deals mainly with the last two periods. By way of introduction, I will make a few comments on the first, century-long period, as it was largely then that the foundation of today's affluence in Sweden was established. Some of the experience from this period is also highly relevant for post-socialist countries.
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881446.
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881447.
  • Lindbeck, Assar, et al. (författare)
  • The Division of Labor within Firms
  • 1997
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The paper examines the determintants of the division of labor within firms. It provides an explanation of the pervasive change in work organization away from the traditional functional departments and towards multi-tasking and job rotation. Whereas the existing literature on the division of labor within firms emphasizes the returns from specialization and the need for coordination of the work of different workers, the persent analysis focuses on the returns from multi-tasking, which is shown to arise from informational and technological complementaries among tasks as well as from the exploitation of the versatility of human capital.
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881448.
  • Lindbeck, Assar (författare)
  • The European Social Model : Lessons for Developing Countries
  • 2002
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Developing countries, in particular the least developed ones, probably have more to learn from special policies in Europe during the early 20th century than from the elaborate welfare-state arrangements after World War II. In addition to macroeconomic growth and stability, the main ambitions must be to fight human deprivation, including illiteracy, malnutrition, poor access to water and sanitation – and, in some cases, also weak, incompetent and/or corrupt governments. It is also important that informal systems in the fields of transfers and social services are not destroyed when developing countries embark on more formal systems in these fields in the future. The European experience also warns against the creation of social systems that are so generous that disincentives, moral hazard and receding social norms seriously distort the national economy, including the labor market.
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881449.
  • Lindbeck, Assar, et al. (författare)
  • The Firm as a Pool of Factor Complementarities
  • 2003
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper presents a new approach to the theory of the firm by identifying factor complementarities as central to the determination of the firm’s boundaries. The factor complementarities may take a variety of forms: technological and informational complementarities, as well as economies of scale and scope. We examine the tradeoff between the gains from these complementarities and transactions costs. In so doing, we must abandon the standard dichotomy between the determinants of plant size and firm size. The influence of factor complementarities on firm size is examined in partial and general equilibrium frameworks.
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881450.
  • Lindbeck, Assar, et al. (författare)
  • The Gains from Pension Reform
  • 2002
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We classify social security pension systems in three dimensions: actuarial versus non-actuarial, funded versus unfunded, and defined-benefit versus defined contribution systems. Recent pension reforms are discussed in terms of these dimensions. Shifting to a more actuarial system reduces labor-market distortions, although limiting the scope for redistribution. Shifting to a funded system may increase saving, redistribute income to future generations and distort contermporary labor supply. A partial shift to a funded system helps individuals diversify their pension assets. A shift from a defined-benefit to a defined-contribution system means that income risk will be shifted from workers to pensioners.
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