| 61. |
- Cotgreave, Ian A, et al.
(författare)
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Differentiation-specific alterations to glutathione synthesis in and hormonally stimulated release from human skeletal muscle cells.
- 2002
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - : Wiley. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 16:3, s. 435-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muscle atrophy and cachexia are associated with many human diseases. These catabolic states are often associated with the loss of glutathione (GSH), which is thought to contribute to the induction of oxidative stress within the muscle. Glutathione synthesis and secretary characteristics were studied in human skeletal muscle myoblasts and myotube-like cells derived from the myoblasts by growth factor restriction. Differentiation was associated with a shift in the sulfur amino acid precursor specificity for synthesis of GSH from cystine to cysteine, as well as loss in ability to use extracellular glutathione and activation of methionine use. The thiol drug N-acetylcysteine was also shown to be an effective precursor irrespective of the state of differentiation. Additionally, myoblasts and myotube cultures were shown to secrete GSH continually, but only the differentiated cells responded to stress hormones such as glucagon, vasopressin, and phenylephrine, by increased secretion of the tripeptide. The data suggest that the skeletal muscle cells may provide an important hormonally regulated extra-hepatic source of systemic GSH and also shed light on the mechanisms of accelerated turnover of GSH operating during strenuous muscle activity and trauma. The data may also provide biochemical rationales for the nutritional and/or pharmacological manipulation of GSH with sulfur amino acid precursors during the treatment of muscle-specific oxidative stress and atrophy.
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| 62. |
- Duan, Maoli, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging of the guinea pig cochlea following round window gadolinium application
- 2004
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 15:12, s. 1927-1930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precise, non-invasive determination of the aetiology and site of pathology of inner ear disorders is difficult. The aim of this study was to describe an alternative method for inner ear visualization, based on local application of the paramagnetic contrast agent gadolinium. Using a 4.7 T MRI scanner, high contrast images of all four cochlear turns were obtained 3.5 h after placing gadolinium on the round window membrane. Gadolinium cleared from the cochlea within 96 h. Auditory brainstem response measurements performed on a separate group of animals showed no significant threshold shifts after the application, indicating that gadolinium is non-toxic to the guinea pig cochlea.
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| 63. |
- Frost, Britt-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Translocation t(12;21) is related to in vitro cellular drug sensitivity to doxorubicin and etoposide in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- 2004
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Ingår i: Blood. - Washington : American society of hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 104:8, s. 2452-2457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The t(12;21) (p13;q22) translocation resulting in ETV6/RUNX1 (previously named TEL/AML1) gene fusion is present in about 25% of children with precursor B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We successfully tested 275 precursor BALL samples from children aged 1 to 17 years to determine the relation between t(12;21) and in vitro cellular drug resistance, measured by the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA). Samples from 83 patients (30%) were positive for t(12;21). The ETV6/RUNX1(+) samples were significantly more sensitive than ETV6/RUNX1(-) samples to doxorubicin, etoposide, amsacrine, and dexamethasone, whereas the opposite was true for cytarabine. After matching for unevenly distributed patient characteristics, that is, excluding patients with high hyperdiploidy (> 51 chromosomes), t(g;22), t(1;19), or 11q23 rearrangement, the ETV6/RUNX1(+) samples remained significantly more sensitive to doxorubicin (P = .001) and etoposide (P = .001). For the other drugs tested (amsacrine, cytarabine, dexamethasone, prednisolone, vincristine, 6-thioguanine, and 4-hydroper-oxy-cyclophosphamide), no significant difference in cellular drug sensitivity was found. In conclusion, we found that the presence of the t(12;21) translocation in childhood precursor B-ALL is associated with a high tumor cell sensitivity to doxorubicin and etoposide. High throughput techniques should now be used to elucidate the cellular mechanisms by which ETV6/RUNX1 gene fusion is linked to increased sensitivity to these drugs.
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| 64. |
- Gallio, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Rhomboid 3 orchestrates Slit-independent repulsion of tracheal branches at the CNS midline.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Development. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0950-1991 .- 1477-9129. ; 131:15, s. 3605-3614
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- EGF-receptor ligands act as chemoattractants for migrating epithelial cells during organogenesis and wound healing. We present evidence that Rhomboid 3/EGF signalling, which originates from the midline of the Drosophila ventral nerve cord, repels tracheal ganglionic branches and prevents them from crossing it. rho3 acts independently from the main midline repellent Slit, and originates from a different sub-population of midline cells: the VUM neurons. Expression of dominant-negative Egfr or Ras induces midline crosses, whereas activation of the Egfr or Ras in the leading cell of the ganglionic branch can induce premature turns away from the midline. This suggests that the level of Egfr intracellular signalling, rather than the asymmetric activation of the receptor on the cell surface, is an important determinant in ganglionic branch repulsion. We propose that Egfr activation provides a necessary switch for the interpretation of a yet unknown repellent function of the midline.
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| 65. |
- Grip, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of Neck Movement Patterns Related to Whiplash-Associated Disorders Using Neural Networks
- 2003
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine. - : IEEE. - 1089-7771 .- 1558-0032. ; 7:4, s. 412-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a new method for classification of neck movement patterns related to Whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) using a resilient backpropagation neural network (BPNN). WAD are a common diagnosis after neck trauma, typically caused by rear-end car accidents. Since physical injuries seldom are found with present imaging techniques, the diagnosis can be difficult to make. The active range of the neck is often visually inspected in patients with neck pain, but this is a subjective measure, and a more objective decision support system, that gives a reliable and more detailed analysis of neck movement pattern, is needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive ability of a BPNN, using neck movement variables as input. Three-dimensional (3-D) neck movement data from 59 subjects with WAD and 56 control subjects were collected with a ProReflex system. Rotation angle and angle velocity were calculated using the instantaneous helical axis method and motion variables were extracted. A principal component analysis was performed in order to reduce data and improve the BPNN performance. BPNNs with six hidden nodes had a predictivity of 0.89, a sensitivity of 0.90 and a specificity of 0.88, which are very promising results. This shows that neck movement analysis combined with a neural network could build the basis of a decision support system for classifying suspected WAD, even though further evaluation of the method is needed.
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| 66. |
- Grjibovski, Andrej M, et al.
(författare)
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Social variations in infant growth performance in Severodvinsk, Northwest Russia : community-based cohort study.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Croat Med J. - 0353-9504 .- 1332-8166. ; 45:6, s. 757-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea form part of a spectrum of sleep disordered breathing affecting a significant proportion of the general population and particularly the middle aged. The consequences can be severe and even life threatening for both the individual directly affected and those more remotely involved. Adverse sequelae can manifest themselves acutely or in the longer term as a result of obstructive breathing induced hypersomnolence, neurocognitive deficits and cardiovascular abnormilities. The combination of anatomical and neuromuscular risk factors in the pathogenesis of OSA has resulted in a varied appoach to its management. One such treatment option is mandibular repositioning appliances (MRA), which mechanically stabilize the airway. Whilst the efficacy of this simple intervention has been rigorously proven quite recently in a significant proportion of patients with varying disease severity, individual patient selection in its application remains uncertain. Short-term side-effects are common but usually transient, whilst in the long-term minor permanent adverse developments on the dentition and occlusion have been reported. Considering both the medicolegal implications of snoring and OSA and the increasing popularity of MRA, it is recommended that skilled multidisciplinary respiratory and dental personnel form the primary care team.
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| 67. |
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| 68. |
- Hultling, C, et al.
(författare)
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Semen retrieval and analysis in men with myelomeningocele.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 42:10, s. 681-684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of advanced assisted reproduction technologies (ART) has created opportunities for the treatment of infertility among patients with myelomeningocele (MMC). The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of semen retrieval and to analyse the semen quality in men with MMC. Nine men, aged 22 to 39 with MMC participated in the study. Two participants were able to achieve unassisted ejaculation. Vibratory stimulation was unsuccessfully attempted in the remaining seven participants who then underwent electroejaculation under general anaesthesia. In total, enough spermatozoa for intracytoplasmic spermatozoa injection were retrieved from five participants. In four cases, no spermatozoa were observed in the ejaculates. Testicular biopsies, however, revealed spermatogenesis, and thus a reproductive potential, in one of these men. Therefore, in six of the nine men with MMC, fatherhood seemed possible with modern ART, despite the semen quality generally being very poor.
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| 69. |
- Jonasson, Jenni, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for a common Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) founder mutation in Scandinavia
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 8, s. 918-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a neuro-degenerative disorder characterised by progressive cerebellar ataxia and macular degeneration. SCA7 is one of the least common genetically verified autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCAs) in the world (4.5 to 11.6%), but in Sweden and Finland SCA7 is the most commonly identified form of ADCA. In an inventory of hereditary ataxias in Scandinavia (Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland) we identified 15 SCA7 families, eight in Sweden and seven in Finland, while no cases of SCA7 could be found in Norway or Denmark. We examined whether the relatively high frequency of SCA7 families in Sweden and Finland was the result of a common founder effect. Only two out of 15 families could be connected genealogically. However, an extensive haplotype analysis over a 10.2 cM region surrounding the SCAI gene locus showed that all 15 families studied shared a common haplotype over at least 1.9 cM. This strongly suggests that all Scandinavian SCA7 families originate from a common founder pre-mutation.
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| 70. |
- Knutsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Shift workers' mortality scrutinized.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Chronobiol Int. - 0742-0528 .- 1525-6073. ; 21:6, s. 1049-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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