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Sökning: swepub > Örebro universitet > Grönlund Åke 1954

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1.
  • Gerdin, Marcus, 1995-, et al. (författare)
  • What goes around comes around : an in-depth analysis of how respondents interpret ISP non-/compliance questionnaire items
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Information and Computer Security. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2056-4961.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: Research on employee non-/compliance to information security policies suffers from inconsistent results and there is an ongoing discussion about the dominating survey research methodology and its potential effect on these results. This study aims to add to this discussion by investigating discrepancies between what the authors claim to measure (theoretical properties of variables) and what they actually measure (respondents' interpretations of the operationalized variables). This study asks: How well do respondents' interpretations of variables correspond to their theoretical definitions? What are the characteristics of any discrepancies between variable definitions and respondent interpretations?Design/methodology/approach: This study is based on in-depth interviews with 17 respondents from the Swedish public sector to understand how they interpret questionnaire measurement items operationalizing the variables Perceived Severity from Protection Motivation Theory and Attitude from Theory of Planned Behavior.Findings: The authors found that respondents' interpretations in many cases differ substantially from the theoretical definitions. Overall, the authors found four principal ways in which respondents interpreted measurement items - referred to as property contextualization, extension, alteration and oscillation - each implying more or less (dis)alignment with the intended theoretical properties of the two variables examined.Originality/value: The qualitative method used proved vital to better understand respondents' interpretations which, in turn, is key for improving self-reporting measurement instruments. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is a first step toward understanding how precise and uniform definitions of variables' theoretical properties can be operationalized into effective measurement items.
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2.
  • Gerdin, Marcus, 1995-, et al. (författare)
  • What Goes Around Comes Around : Effects of Unclear Questionnaire Items in Information Security Research
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Human Aspects of Information Security and Assurance. - : Springer. - 9783031385292 - 9783031385322 - 9783031385308 ; , s. 470-481
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The credibility of research on information system security is challenged by inconsistent results and there is an ongoing discussion about research methodology and its effect on results within the employee non-/compliance to information security policies literature. We add to this discussion by investigating discrepancies between what we cl/aim to measure (theoretical properties of variables) and what we actually measure (respondents’ interpretations of our operationalized variables). The study asks: (1) How well do respondents’ interpretations of variables correspond to their theoretical definitions? (2) What are the characteristics and causes of any discrepancies between variable definitions and respondent interpretations? We report a pilot study including interviews with seven respondents to understand their interpretations of the variable Perceived severity from the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT).We found that respondents’ interpretations differ substantially from the theoretical definitions which introduces error in measurement. There were not only individual differences in interpretations but also, and more importantly, systematic ones; When questions are not well specified, or do not cover respondents’ practice, respondents make interpretations based on their practice. Our results indicate three types of ambiguities, namely (i) Vagueness in part/s of the measurement item causing inconsistencies in interpretation between respondents, (ii) Envision/Interpret ‘new’ properties not related to the theory, (iii) ‘Misses the mark’ measurements whereby respondents misinterpret the fundamentals of the item. The qualitative method used proved conducive to understanding respondents’ thinking, which is a key to improving research instruments.
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3.
  • Grönlund, Åke, 1954- (författare)
  • From national digital strategy to local practice : A leadership challenge
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Digitalization and Digital Competence in Educational Contexts. - : Routledge. - 9781003355694 - 9781032409863 ; , s. 41-54
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The 2017 Swedish national strategy for school digitalization (NDS) assigns the responsibility for digitalization to school management. It requires them to provide the necessary preconditions, means, and resources, for an education built on 'scientific ground and proven experience' and conducive to increased student learning and equivalence. To that end, national resources have been developed to support schools in connecting with research, responsibilities have been distributed strategically across the levels of the management hierarchy, and the School Inspectorate (SI) has developed new evaluation to monitor how principals and school organizers organize and lead a sustainable development work to pursue digitalization in education. The Swedish school is operated by a large number of organizers, public and private, and schools work in disparate environments and under very disparate conditions. Hence, implementation of the new policy across the country requires cooperation among multiple actors. The NDS was operational for years 2017-2022, and a successor for 2023-2027 is proposed but not yet decided. Based mainly on SI reports, this chapter discusses the impact of the new policy on school practice so far and raises some issues regarding the sustainability of the quite comprehensive change the policy envisions.
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4.
  • Grönlund, Åke, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • Introducing Practicable Learning Analytics
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Practicable Learning Analytics. - : Springer. - 9783031276453 - 9783031276460 - 9783031276484 ; , s. 1-16
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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5.
  • Practicable Learning Analytics
  • 2023
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This book is about practicable learning analytics, that is able to become a successful part of practice, ultimately leading to improved learning and teaching. The aim of the book is to shift our perspective on learning analytics creation and implementation from that of “designing of” technology to that of “designing for” a system of practice. That is, any successful implementation of learning analytics requires a systematic approach, which the book explains through the lens of the Information Systems Artefact, constituting of the three interdependent artefacts: “technical”, “information” and “social”.The contributions of this book go beyond a consideration of particular humans such as teachers and students, and their individual activities to consider the larger systems of activity of which analytics become part of. The chapters included in this book present different cases of learning analytics implementation across countries, and the related opportunities and challenges related to generalizability of the results.
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6.
  • Viberg, Olga, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Integrating digital technology in mathematics education : A Swedish case study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Interactive Learning Environments. - : Routledge. - 1049-4820 .- 1744-5191. ; 31:1, s. 232-243
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Integrating digital technology in education is challenging. This study reports on three high school mathematics classes where teachers attempted to improve their teaching and student learning by using a digital tool. For analysis we use the Information System Artifact model Lee et al. (2015) which distinguishes between three integrated sub-artifacts, the technological, the informational and the social and the Structurational Practice Lens to educational technology Halperin (2017). Using interviews and observations we find the major obstacle for student learning is a less developed social artifact. Students have difficulties using the tool effectively when teachers do not work to develop shared practices in technology use. When teachers do not themselves use the tool actively, they do not fully understand how students can learn from it, neither can they help them in synthesizing teacher- and tool instructions. Students end up having "two masters" competing rather than integrated teacher instruction and technology assistance.
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7.
  • Viberg, Olga, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Privacy in LA Research : Understanding the Field to Improve the Practice
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Learning Analytics. - : Society for Learning Analytics Research. - 1929-7750. ; 9:3, s. 169-182
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Protection of student privacy is critical for scaling up the use of learning analytics (LA) in education. Poorly implemented frameworks for privacy protection may negatively impact LA outcomes and undermine trust in the discipline. To design and implement models and tools for privacy protection, we need to understand privacy itself. To develop better understanding and build ground for developing tools and models for privacy protection, this paper examines how privacy hitherto has been defined by LA scholars, and how those definitions relate to the established approaches to define privacy. We conducted a scoping review of 59 articles focused on privacy in LA. In most of these studies (74%), privacy was not defined at all; 6% defined privacy as a right, 11% as a state, 15% as control, and 16% used other approaches to explain privacy in LA. The results suggest a need to define privacy in LA to be able to enact a responsible approach to the use of student data for analysis and decision-making.
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8.
  • Agélii Genlott, Annika, 1968-, et al. (författare)
  • Leading dissemination of digital, science-based innovation in school–a case study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Interactive Learning Environments. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1049-4820 .- 1744-5191. ; , s. 1-11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Digitalizing school is a process that comes with challenges. It requires strategic leadership and transformational change to work processes. Nevertheless, some succeed, and it is useful to understand what makes for success. This paper studies the challenges of leading digitalization of education in a city which decided to implement an IT-supported method for teaching literacy in primary schools. The method required transformational change; teachers not only had to learn to use technologies, they also had to review their pedagogy. This study is guided by the Diffusion of Innovation theory and draws on interviews with school principals. We find that the critical factors relate to the communication channel, the social system within and across schools, and the time perspective.
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9.
  • Grönlund, Åke, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • Praktisk vetenskapsteori för lärare : Hur vet vi vad vi vet?
  • 2021
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Den här boken handlar om vad vetenskap är, och den är tänkt att hjälpa lärare att förstå och kritiskt reflektera över hur forskning kan bidra till att utveckla, utforma och utvärdera undervisningen.Skolan ska vila på vetenskaplig grund, men vad innebär det i praktiken? Hur kan läraren förstå, värdera och använda forskning i sin profession? Hur kan forskning användas för att designa undervisning, material och lärmiljöer? Och hur kan läraren systematisera och dokumentera sina didaktiska val i klassrummet baserat på forskning?Det är viktigt att kunna bedöma om och när ett visst forskningsresultat är relevant för lärares verksamhetsnära frågor. Kunskaper i vetenskapsteori gör det möjligt för lärare att reflektera över professionen och lärarrollen – och kanske inte minst över hur kunskap produceras i samhället, får status som "fakta" och därmed hamnar i skolans läromedel och kursplaner.Lärare som kan mer om vetenskaplig kunskap och forskningsprocessen får också ökade möjligheter att tillsammans med kollegor ta ställning till forskningsresultat och underbygga sina didaktiska val. På så sätt utvecklas ett slags vetenskapligt förhållningssätt till läraryrket.
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10.
  • Mukamurenzi, Solange, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • An Information Systems Artifact Approach to Evaluate e-Government Services in Rwanda
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. - New York : ACM Press. - 9781450390118 ; , s. 316-323
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Technology is universal, but use contexts differ widely. Technology develops rapidly but social contexts are slow to change, hence digitalization efforts must go hand in hand with process innovation. This research aims at designing an improved process for evaluating e-government services in Rwanda, a least developed country pursuing ambitious digitalization. The research draws on the information systems artifact (ISA) model, which considers alignment between technology, information, and social context as the key to successful technology-based innovation, and all three aspects as artifacts, subject to design. We build a prototype technical artifact and suggest information and a social one. The ambition is to make the currently control-based summative evaluation process more cooperative and inclusive of both service providers and users. The new design uses feedback from users to allow service providers and monitoring organizations to conduct also formative evaluations in order to be able to better align service processes with user needs and behavior and thereby make them more attractive and more used. The prototype “Rwanda Online Service Evaluation”(ROSE) was tested through semi-structured interviews with senior managers in six Rwandan organizations, and through an online user survey (n= 60). The findings can guide decision-makers and practitioners involved with e-government design and evaluation. As a contribution to research, the research shows the usefulness of the ISA model for communicating the design of technology aiming at comprehensive process change
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11.
  • Agélii Genlott, Annika, 1968- (författare)
  • Designing for Transformational Change in School : Digitalizing the Digitized
  • 2020
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Digital technologies have gained a prominent role in education and schools, but research concerning how digital technologies can create better conditions for improved teaching and enhanced learning for students is scarce and inconclusive. Successful use of digital technologies requires a complex combination of interacting factors, including integrating technology and pedagogy as well as organizing and leading a structured transformation process. The capability of school organizations to lead and support the digitalization process is an under-researched field compared to the well-established focus on individual stakeholders.This thesis examines how experimentation and innovation processes in school can be designed and pursued to support and enhance digitalization across an entire school organization by using a Design Science Research (DSR) approach to answer the question: How can a school organization at municipal level lead digital transformation through the digitalization of teaching and learning processes in an organized, professional, and, as far as possible, scientifically based way?The findings show that the design and use of the Information System Artifact model (ISA) together with a DSR development method can support both improved teaching and enhanced learning within and across a school organization. Effective use of digital technologies to improve teaching and learning across the school organization requires fundamental changes of ordinary practices and engagement as well as commitment from school authorities and school leaders.This thesis contributes with empirically and theoretically based insights from leading (digital) transformational change in school through the iterative design of IS artifacts used as a driver and quality control for the shift from digitization towards digitalization aiming at improved teaching and enhanced learning.
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12.
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13.
  • Grönlund, Åke, 1954- (författare)
  • Participating in the Digital Society
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Digital Government Research and Practice. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 2691-199X .- 2639-0175. ; 1:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many signs today indicate a decline of both democracy and trust in the Internet and social media. This seems to make digital democracy a hard sell. Furthermore, for digital democracy to be globally relevant, it is necessary to find ways to also make it useful in countries with less-democratic or even authoritarian regimes. This is where a majority of the world's population live and where improvements are most important for the world to become more democratic.Drawing on the concept of “citizen participation” [Almond and Verba 1963] and the Information System Artefact model [Lee et al. 2015], we discuss how participation can be improved in countries of any regime in terms of the technology used, the information flows, and the social systems in which technology and information are used to communicate. Examples from Sweden and Uganda, countries with very different regimes, illustrate how improvements can be made everywhere, however, only with considerable effort.The main conclusion is that democracy is not something you have but rather something you do. It has to be implemented every day, mostly in small steps and often in the context of administration rather than politics. Because such contexts occur also in authoritarian countries, technology can be used to improve participation everywhere.
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14.
  • Grönlund, Åke, 1954- (författare)
  • Skolans fjärrundervisning under Coronapandemin 2020 : utmaningar, resultat och framtidsutsikter
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Under vårterminen 2020 drabbades Sverige av en pandemi, och de svenska skolorna tvingades ställa om till att bedriva sin verksamhet på distans genom att använda digital teknik. Gymnasierna fick undervisa alla elever på distans och högstadieskolorna, som hölls öppna, de elever som av smittskyddsskäl inte kunde vara i skolan under en kortare eller längre period.Det viktigaste syftet med enkäten är att undersöka vilken roll distansarbete/fjärrundervisning kommer att spela i skolan inom den närmaste framtiden och vilka utvecklingsbehov det medför.Vi undersöker hur väl de svenska skolorna lyckades sköta undervisningen helt eller delvis på distans under ”pandemikrisen” under vårterminen 2020, alltså perioden mars-maj. Data samlades in via strukturerade telefonintervjuer till 301 rektorer i grund- och gymnasieskola under juni och augusti 2020. Frågorna rörde skolledarnas uppfattning om utmaningar som pandemin medfört, förändringar de gjort för att möta utmaningarna och resultatet, hur väl de lyckats upprätthålla god undervisning på distans under krisperioden (mars – juni 2020), samt deras ambitioner då det gäller digitalisering i allmänhet och fjärrundervisning i synnerhet i ett framtida normalläge efter pandemin.Resultat: En stor majoritet anser att man klarat att behålla kvaliteten i undervisningen bra eller mycket bra. Samtidigt framgår det mycket tydligt att man inte är nöjd med digital fjärrundervisning. Den allmänna åsikten är att den sociala kontakten mellan lärare och elever i klassrumssituationen inte går att upprätthålla i digitala medier. Däremot har man lagt ner mycket möda och anser sig ha haft betydande framgång med individuella fjärrkontakter med elever. Visserligen har man ”tappat bort” en del elever, men samtidigt har man fått bättre kontakt med en del elever som av olika skäl inte fungerat bra i den vanliga skolsituationen.Eftersom interaktiv helklassundervisning varit svår att hantera har man i större utsträckning än normalt gett eleverna uppgifter att arbeta med individuellt. Lärarna har ägnat sig mer åt övervakning och kontroll, och stött elever enskilt genom olika medier. Videokommunikation i kombination med mejl är vanligast, men även delade klassrumssystem, sms och telefon förekommer. Det betyder att elever som undervisats på distans fått en mycket annorlunda undervisning än de som varit i skolan.De största utmaningarna handlade om pedagogik, förändring av lärarnas arbetsuppgifter, och – framför allt – elevernas situation. Ledning av förändring uppfattas som en viss utmaning, men det anges i första hand handla om snabbheten i förändringen. Dock anger bara en dryg tredjedel att skolledningarnas digitala kompetens varit ”i mycket stor utsträckning” tillräcklig för att hantera situationen. 15% anger att den bara ”i någon mån” varit tillräcklig.Vare sig tekniken eller regelsystemet uppfattades som särskilt krävande utmaningar, men nästan hälften av skolorna har behövt göra kompletteringar av teknik.Användningen av digitala läromedel har ökat kraftigt. 93% anser att digitala läromedel fungerat bra och man har ökat sin användning eller helt gått över till dem. 49% anger att man tidigare mest använde pappersböcker, så ökningen är betydande. Svaren indikerar att ökningen sannolikt kommer att bli bestående, dels för att man sett att digitala läromedel förbättrar även den vanliga undervisningen, dels för att de gör det lättare att hantera undervisning av frånvarande elever – som finns av många skäl, och som sannolikt kommer att vara fler än normalt under lång tid eftersom man uppmanas vara hemma vid minsta sjukdomssymtom.Rektorernas ambitioner för framtiden efter pandemin innehåller mer fjärrundervisning, men inte för hela klasser, bara för vissa elever, mer digitala läromedel, mer hemarbete för lärarna, och, för att klara detta, utveckling av ”digital pedagogik”.Ingen fjärrundervisning för hela klasser. Med undantag för enstaka teknikentusiaster anser de flesta att digital fjärrundervisning inte är riktig undervisning. Det är något man kan ta till i kristid, men bara då. Riktig undervisning sker på plats för den sociala kontakten är oumbärlig.Många anser att digitala möten är mer effektiva och planerar att fortsätta med sådana, både för ledning, lärare och externa parter som föräldrar och handledare under praktikperioder.Fjärrundervisning för elever eller elevgrupper ”i särskilda situationer” anges av många som ett givande utvecklingsspår. Det finns många sådana situationer – sjukdom, praktik, särskilda behov, långa pendlingsavstånd, förstärkningsundervisning, m.m. – och de restriktioner som kommer att gälla åtminstone det närmaste skolåret gör att frånvaron sannolikt kommer att vara högre än normalt. Anpassning av undervisningen med digitalt material och digitala verktyg för fjärrundervisning för elever som inte kan vara i klassrummet men inte är för sjuka för att arbeta ses som en användbar möjlighet för att ordna så att de som inte är närvarande ändå kan integreras i klassen.Digital pedagogik behöver utvecklas för vissa delvis nya undervisningsformer. Även om inte fjärrundervisning som norm ligger i planerna för överskådlig tid behöver pedagogiken utvecklas för att hantera elever som av olika skäl inte är närvarande. Det betyder fjärrundervisning för enskilda elever eller mindre grupper, och det betyder integration av enstaka frånvarande elever i den normala undervisningen via digitala medier. Det senare kan innebära exempelvis att kamera installeras i klassrummet så frånvarande elever kan delta i de vanliga lektionerna. I ett exempel hade en skola med gott resultat låtit en robot ta en frånvarande elevs plats i klassrummet för att både möjliggöra deltagande och markera närvaro.Digitala läromedel kommer att användas allt mer, även för den vanliga undervisningen i skolan. Dels har de visat sig mycket användbara, dels behövs de för att minska skillnaderna mellan den förväntat ökande andel elever som får fjärrundervisning och de som befinner sig i klassrummet.Mer hemarbete för lärarna. Dels har de striktare kraven på att stanna hemma vid minsta sjukdomssymptom ökat sjukfrånvaron, och detta kommer sannolikt att fortsätta under ganska lång tid. Eftersom många är hemma enbart av smittskyddsskäl och inte är sjukare än att de kan arbeta kan det vara en fördel både för individen och undervisningen att de gör det från hemmet. Dels har det visat sig att mycket arbete kan bedrivas från hemmet. Samtidigt kan man knappast i längden arbeta hemifrån samtidigt som man är sjukskriven eftersom kostnaderna då flyttas från arbetsgivaren till sjukförsäkringssystemet (eller till den enskilde via karensdagar). Det betyder att det finns incitament för att utveckla en form av hemarbete som gör att man vid lättare symtom kan arbeta hemifrån. Det finns flera krafter som driver på en sådan utveckling, dels en sådan trend i andra branscher, generell strävan mot mindre pendlingsresande av miljöskäl, önskemål om ökad tillgänglighet för elever utanför lektionstid, med mera. För att detta ska kunna ske behöver regleringen av hemarbete utvecklas. 
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15.
  • Agélii Genlott, Annika, 1968-, et al. (författare)
  • Disseminating digital innovation in school : leading second-order educational change
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Education and Information Technologies. - : Springer. - 1360-2357 .- 1573-7608. ; 24:5, s. 3021-3039
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using digital technology effectively in schools requires profound changes in traditional teaching and learning activities. Pedagogical innovations often start small-scale and developing good ideas into shared practice across schools is challenging in many ways, especially if the innovation requires second-order change, i.e. challenges to fundamental beliefs about teaching and learning. This study investigates how a validated pedagogical method requiring integrated Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use and second-order change can be disseminated and sustained over time. We surveyed 92 primary school teachers who at different times over a 5-year period participated in a training course designed to implement an innovative technology-supported teaching method, Write To Learn, across an entire city. We found that organized teacher development programs can drive second-order change, but this requires considerable, active, and sustained effort from leaders at both school and district level. Additional factors include immediate and extended social systems and handling diversity among teachers. The results are useful for both practitioners and researchers since they contribute to a deeper understanding of the opportunities and challenges involved in disseminating effective ICT-based methods that requires profound changes of thinking about teaching and learning to guide the transformation of teaching practice.
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16.
  • Bakunzibake, Pierre, 1977- (författare)
  • Improving Implementation of e-Government Services in Rwanda : An Organisational Perspective
  • 2019
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • As part of realising development programmes faster, developing countries have been adopting, from developed ones, modern ICTs and implementing e-government towards better public services. However, efforts of implementation of e-government services have been often resulting in unsatisfactory outcomes and even total failures. This is a big challenge particularly for Least Developed Countries which have fewer resources. Such outcomes are partly due to the lack of addressing organisational issues associated with implementations.This thesis addresses the question: How can the implementation of e-government services be improved from an organisational perspective in the context of Rwanda?The thesis adopts a socio-technical perspective and uses both qualitative case study methodology and a literature review approach. Two cases of implementation of e-government services were studied. The first case, an Enterprise Content Management system concerns the sharing and working on digital documents within government agencies. The second case, the onestop e-government is for providing online services by the central and local government agencies to the general public via a single portal, ‘Irembo’. This thesis shows that implementation of e-government services has been focusing on digitalisation of services superimposing ICT over existing structures with less attention to organisational change issues related to processes, organisational structure and policies. The thesis also identifies a deficit in implementation processes in terms of lacking clear goals and formal monitoring in the local government. Those insights on the implementation of e-government services of an LDC pinpoint a need for optimisation between technical and social aspects. This thesis makes an empirical contribution by bringing forth those insights. In order to help tackle a number of challenging issues found, a comprehensive model for improving the process of implementing e-government services, called Plan-Do-Evaluate-Resolve (PDER) was developed as a theoretical contribution based on a literature analysis.
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17.
  • Bakunzibake, Pierre, 1977-, et al. (författare)
  • Organisational Challenges in the Implementation of ‘one-stop’ e-Government in Rwanda
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Electronic Journal of e-Government. - : Academic Conferences Limited. - 1479-439X. ; 17:1, s. 1-19
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • One-stop e-government holds potential benefits in all contexts and especially in the context of developing countries and in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Implementation of one-stop e-government can be challenging as it normally requires addressing a number of organisational issues including those related to the integration of the individual government information systems of different departments which traditionally function as silos; tackling organisational issues can be difficult due to the nature of the public sector. However, the contemporary literature paints a picture of scarce research on the organisational issues that impede the implementation of one-stop e-government initiatives in LDCs. This paper explores the organisational issues underlying the implementation of ‘one-stop’ e-government initiatives in Rwanda, an LDC. The study explores the status of these elements as of and up to March 2017. The qualitative case study methodology used for this study involved data collection by means of documents and interviews with key managers from central government organisations, from a private company, and from local government service clerks. Template analysis was used as a method for data analysis. Even though the number of online services for citizens, businesses, and other agencies is growing rapidly and easy payment of service fees is available, a number of organisational issues were identified. These include the lack of a clear plan of ‘to-be’ service processes and a corresponding change management strategy. Service re-design was taking place very much ad hoc. There were also unclear systematic organisational learning mechanisms and unclear operational goals in the local government. Addressing these issues would contribute towards improving the implementation of one-stop e-government and its corresponding services in such a context. The paper contributes to research by providing insights into organisational issues in a country currently in an early stage of e-government development. For Rwandan e-government professionals, the paper suggests a way forward. It also helps decision makers in Rwanda and similar countries undertaking one-stop initiatives to understand the problem context of actions taken towards IT-driven institutional reform.
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19.
  • Blomberg, Karin, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Using a Facebook Forum to Cope With Narcolepsy After Pandemrix Vaccination : Infodemiology Study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications. - 1438-8871. ; 21:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: In 2010, newly diagnosed narcolepsy cases among children and adolescents were seen in several European countries as a consequence of comprehensive national vaccination campaigns with Pandemrix against H1N1 influenza. Since then, a large number of people have had to live with narcolepsy and its consequences in daily life, such as effects on school life, social relationships, and activities. Initially, the adverse effects were not well understood and there was uncertainty about whether there would be any financial compensation. The situation remained unresolved until 2016, and during these years affected people sought various ways to join forces to handle the many issues involved, including setting up a social media forum.Objective: Our aim was to examine how information was shared, and how opinions and beliefs about narcolepsy as a consequence of Pandemrix vaccination were formed through discussions on social media.Methods: We used quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate a series of messages posted in a social media forum for people affected by narcolepsy after vaccination.Results: Group activity was high throughout the years 2010 to 2016, with peaks corresponding to major narcolepsy-related events, such as the appearance of the first cases in 2010, the first payment of compensation in 2011, and passage of a law on compensation in July 2016. Unusually, most (462/774, 59.7%) of the group took part in discussions and only 312 of 774 (40.3%) were lurkers (compared with the usual 90% rule of thumb for participation in an online community). The conversation in the group was largely factual and had a civil tone, even though there was a long struggle for the link between the vaccine and narcolepsy to be acknowledged and regarding the compensation issue. Radical, nonscientific views, such as those expounded by the antivaccination movement, did not shape the discussions in the group but were being actively expressed elsewhere on the internet. At the outset of the pandemic, there were 18 active Swedish discussion groups on the topic, but most dissolved quickly and only one Facebook group remained active throughout the period.Conclusions: The group studied is a good example of social media use for self-help through a difficult situation among people affected by illness and disease. This shows that social media do not by themselves induce trench warfare but, given a good group composition, can provide a necessary forum for managing an emergency situation where health care and government have failed or are mistrusted, and patients have to organize themselves so as to cope.
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20.
  • Kempe, Anna-Lena, 1964-, et al. (författare)
  • Collaborative digital textbooks – a comparison of five different designs shaping teaching and learning
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Education and Information Technologies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1360-2357 .- 1573-7608. ; 24:5, s. 2909-2941
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Collaborative Digital Text Books (cDTB) are emerging artifacts in Swedish schools, combining the quality assured content of traditional paper and digital text books with affordances for multimodal representation of knowledge, differentiated instruction, communication, collaboration, documentation and with varying learning activities. cDTB are meant to cover the content of the curriculum and provide a consistent learning environment. We analyzed and compared design features in five brands on the market 2017. The analytic comparison indicated that the studied cDTB are built on differing notions of how knowledge is represented as well as on how learners and teachers were supposed to engage with the content. The analysis revealed three types of cDTB distinguished by the way the information and social artifacts are designed. Type 1 resembles a traditional text book with limited multimodal representations of content, tools for working with the content, and tools for communication. Type 2, conversely, is rich in all these aspects but still rely on mainly pre-fabricated content. Type 3 takes a radical approach to content production and leaves it completely up to teachers to produce and share content. The result suggests three very different roles and levels of influence for the cDTB users. Regarding content, the study shows that cDTB are more versatile and quality confirmed learning environments in comparison with: digital “book in a box”; learning designs employing scattered digital resources that are not quality assured; and various digital tools that have no clear connection with the curriculum. The paper contributes to practice with the understanding that before starting to use cDTB there is a need to grasp that the choice of digital learning environment is a choice among very different designs.
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21.
  • Mukamurenzi, Solange, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Challenges in Implementing Citizen-centric e-Government Services in Rwanda
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Electronic Government, an International Journal. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1740-7494 .- 1740-7508. ; 15:3, s. 283-302
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Electronic government (e-government) faces challenges impeding its successful implementation. In the least developed countries, where e-government initiatives are developing but little research is done, it is difficult to know how to move forward with the development. As a contribution to increased knowledge, this study identifies e-government challenges in Rwanda. To this end, the study takes an interpretive approach and, from interviews and document analysis, identifies key e-government challenges. Those challenges include lack of a change management strategy, limited cooperation, language and literacy barriers, incomplete automation, difficulties with system integration, and a lack of intermediaries' management mechanisms. This paper analyses the challenges service providers would have to manage for e-government to improve and informs policymakers of the areas that need their attention for Rwanda to evolve towards the desired e-government. The study contributes to the yet scarce literature of e-government in Rwanda.
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22.
  • Mukamurenzi, Solange, 1979- (författare)
  • E-Government Service Evaluation in Rwanda : A Design Perspective
  • 2019
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Rwanda has embraced e-government. As the first step of implementation, services are being developed and provided online. As e-government matures over time, due to challenges and opportunities presented by developments in technology, legislation, economy, standards anduser expectations, an important management challenge is to understand future challenges and to be prepared to address them. The present research addresses the problem of moving from e-government service quantity to service quality in Rwanda by using a design science research approach to answer the question: How can e-government service evaluation be improved in Rwanda?This thesis provides an integrated view of e-government maturity. The empirical studies explain the challenges facing e-government implementation in Rwanda and involve service providers in investigating e-government service quality. Building on these, an evaluation process redesign is suggested and a prototype of a web-based evaluation approach called Rwanda Online Service Evaluation (ROSE) is developed in order to convey the proposed changes. It is also tested with managers and users in Rwanda. The evaluation process redesign consists of information, social and technology components. The present research contributes to the e-government body of knowledge through study cases of a Least Developed Country (LDC), namely Rwanda. Theoretical contributions include an e-government maturity model and an e-government service development framework, which could also be used in other research. The findings and the developed prototype contribute to practice in terms of evaluating e-government services and may serve as an inspiration for other LDC.
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23.
  • Mukamurenzi, Solange, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Improving qualities of e‐government services in Rwanda : A service provider perspective
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1681-4835. ; 85:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • E‐government implementation is growing worldwide. In the context of developed countries, as well as some developing ones, research provides tools to evaluate e‐government services and reflect on e‐government performance. However, in the least developed countries (LDCs), where the preconditions are in many ways more challenging, little is known about those services. While information technology can be imported, social, organizational, and infrastructural arrangements conducive to high‐quality service delivery must be developed locally. In contributing to understanding the challenges as well as opportunities involved, this paper explores the qualities of e‐government services in Rwanda, an East African LDC. The investigation focuses on service providers' views of the qualities, as it is only through their understanding of the situation that service quality can be improved. This is a qualitative study based on interviews with employees of government organizations and document analysis. We identify and discuss 28 e‐government service quality factors, which are grouped into nine quality dimensions—accessibility, availability, awareness, responsiveness, information quality, information security, ease of use, support, and cost. This research contributes to raising awareness about the qualities of e‐government services in Rwanda in particular but may also have relevance for other LDCs.
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24.
  • Mutimukwe, Chantal, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Information privacy practices in eGovernment in an African Least Developing Country, Rwanda
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1681-4835. ; 85:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Privacy of information is a critical issue for e-government development as lack of it negatively influences users’ trust and adoption of e-government. To earn user trust government organizations need to provide reliable privacy assurance by implementing adequate information privacy protection (IPP) practices. African Least Developing Countries (LDCs) today develop e-government but focus is on quick technical development and the status of IPP issues is not clear. Little research has yet studied the status of IPP practices in e-government in African LDCs. To fill this gap, we assess the status of existing IPP practices in e-government in Rwanda, using international privacy principles as an assessment baseline. We adopt a case-study approach including three cases. Data were collected by interviews and a survey. The findings call into question the efficacy of existing IPP practices and their effect in ensuring e-government service users’ privacy protection in Rwanda. The study extends existing literature by providing insights related to privacy protection from an African LDC context. For practitioners in Rwanda and other LDCs, this study contributes to the protection of information privacy in e-government by providing recommendations to mitigate identified gaps.
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25.
  • Mutimukwe, Chantal, 1979- (författare)
  • Information Privacy Protection in E-government in Rwanda
  • 2019
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Privacy of information is a critical issue for e‐government service development as lack of it negatively influences users' trust and adoption. To earn user trust, government organizations need to provide reliable privacy assurance by implementing adequate information privacy protection practices. African least developed countries (LDCs) today develop e‐government, but the status of privacy protection in these countries is not clear. This research aims to help in the achievement of the successful protection of information privacy in e-government in an LDC country, Rwanda. For this, empirical studies were conducted to increase understanding of issues re-lated to information privacy in e-government in Rwanda. A mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods was applied for data collection and analysis.The results show that Rwandans’ concerns about information privacy in e-government context are high, that organizational information privacy protection practices can reduce users concerns, but also that existing privacy protection practices are not adequate to ensure users’ privacy. The studies also find that users are more concerned with e-government services than with other types of electronic services. Based on these findings, this thesis suggests a set of guidelines for government organizations in Rwanda in order to achieve effective information privacy protection practices.The thesis contributes to the body of knowledge in the fields of e-government and information privacy by providing empirical studies from an African LDC context and developing and testing a new model explaining the links between organizational information privacy protection practices, privacy concerns and the related antecedents and consequences, hence enhancing the theoretical understanding of these relations. The thesis contributes to practice by providing a set of guidelines that can guide government organizations in Rwanda, and/ or other African LDCs in a similar situation in the process of developing information privacy protection practices.
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26.
  • Susha, Iryna, 1986-, et al. (författare)
  • Data driven social partnerships : Exploring an emergent trend in search of research challenges and questions
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Government Information Quarterly. - : Elsevier. - 0740-624X .- 1872-9517. ; 36:1, s. 112-128
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The volume of data collected by multiple devices, such as mobile phones, sensors, satellites, is growing at an exponential rate. Accessing and aggregating different sources of data, including data outside the public domain, has the potential to provide insights for many societal challenges. This catalyzes new forms of partnerships between public, private, and nongovernmental actors aimed at leveraging different sources of data for positive societal impact and the public good. In practice there are different terms in use to label these partnerships but research has been lagging behind in systematically examining this trend. In this paper, we deconstruct the conceptualization and examine the characteristics of this emerging phenomenon by systematically reviewing academic and practitioner literature. To do so, we use the grounded theory literature review method. We identify several concepts which are used to describe this phenomenon and propose an integrative definition of “data driven social partnerships” based on them. We also identify a list of challenges which data driven social partnerships face and explore the most urgent and most cited ones, thereby proposing a research agenda. Finally, we discuss the main contributions of this emerging research field, in relation to the challenges, and systematize the knowledge base about this phenomenon for the research community.
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27.
  • Twizeyimana, Jean Damascene, 1981- (författare)
  • E-Government and Value Creation in the Context of a Least Developed Country : A perspective on public value and information infrastructure
  • 2019
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis is in the field of information systems (IS), more specifically about IS impact. This thesis uses literature review and interpretive case study methods to investigate the phenomenon of value creation through e-government.The research was carried out from 2014 to 2019. Data was collected through interviews, participant observations, and document review. The main research question is "How do we create value through e-government in the context of an LDC?” It embodies the sub-questions: what is the value of e-government? And how do we attain such value?This thesis comprises four studies.The thesis found that value creation of e-government is a process of understanding: the value that e-government creates; the context in which egovernment resides because a process involves a context; and strategic actions to create that value within the context surrounds e-government.From the findings, this thesis argues that the value of public affairs including e-government refers to public value. The latter would mean citizens' collective expectations about public policies and services. Also, the findings reveal research needs about the public value of e-government in the LDCs in Sub-Saharan Africa and on methods of measuring and creating the public value of e-government.As original contribution, this thesis suggests a framework of six overarching and overlapping areas of e-government for the public value. The anticipation-reality gaps and their inter-relationships are identified, and five inter-related critical success factors are suggested. Also, the information infrastructure (II) framework, particularly, the notion of the cultivation of the installed-base is suggested as a promising avenue in the management of the public value creation in general, and in an LDC in particular.
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28.
  •  
29.
  • Grönlund, Åke, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • No name, no game : Challenges to use of collaborative digital textbooks
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Education and Information Technologies. - New York, USA : Springer. - 1360-2357 .- 1573-7608. ; 23:3, s. 1359-1375
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Collaborative digital textbooks – comprehensive materials covering entire curriculums – are developing from being books in pdf format to becoming collaborative digital environments where teachers and students can communicate, engage in feedback and discussions, share and manipulate materials, test knowledge, and monitor results. This study investigates how these digital environments are used in school practice: How are the collaborative tools used to improve learning? Thirteen seventh- and eighth-grade classes, 370 students and 30 teachers in five Swedish secondary schools, were investigated over 1,5 years by means of questionnaires, classroom observations and interviews with teachers and students. Here, questionnaire results are presented, while observations and interviews serve to provide contextual insights. Collaborative tools were very little used; often teachers and students were not even aware of their existence. Most use was individual, students were left alone with the digital material. Students read or listened to the text and did not actively engage in learning by e.g. making notes or marking text. Most teachers did not use the material actively to help students understand and learn, most did not even check student results on automated tests. We conclude that the teachers have not incorporated the new, collaborative design of the digital textbook into their thinking regarding tools for teaching and learning and still regard it as a static book. This suggests that making full use of digital tools requires new ways of thinking of teaching, and that it takes more than providing digital tools to achieve this end.
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30.
  • Twizeyimana, Jean Damascene, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • E-government in Rwanda : Implementation, Challenges and Reflections
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Electronic Journal of e-Government. - UK : Academic Conferences Limited. - 1479-439X. ; 16:1, s. 19-31
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • E‑government is currently high on the agenda in many developing countries (DCs). While e‑government is well‑established in many developed countries it is new to least developed countries. Countries that start implementing e‑government today can benefit from easy import of modern technologies, but adaptation to local conditions and the organizational change that is required cannot be imported, but must be developed at home. By using examples of an ongoing initiative by the Government of Rwanda to digitalize all G2C and G2B into a single window platform, the current study investigated the important challenges in the implementation of e‑government in Rwanda. An interpretive case study was followed. Data was collected through interviews and participatory observations during August to December 2015. Data analysis was inductive, the analysis method was content analysis, and the coding followed open‑coding. NVivo software has been used to handle data and facilitate the analysis. The study found six overarching categories of aspects that challenge a successful implementation of e‑government in Rwanda. They include information infrastructure for e‑government, social inclusion, governance, management, trust in the new system, and languages. However, challenges to e‑government implementation should not be taken as of the same extent, neither their degree of mitigation. Rather, they influence and are influenced by various contextual factors which include political support, nature of the e‑government project, implementation strategies, human and socio‑economic development, existing information infrastructure, and operational capabilities. Having said this, we also argue that countries should learn from one another of their experiences, success stories, and mistakes. Despite a number of associated challenges, the adopted public‑private partnership (PPP) approach to e‑Government implementation in Rwanda might indeed seem as a suitable catalyst for e‑government success in the country.2.5.0.0
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31.
  • Asiimwe, Edgar Napoleon, 1984- (författare)
  • On Emerging Mobile Learning Environments
  • 2017
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis investigates issues pertaining to the implementation of mobile learning and particularly the use of learning content management systems and mobile devices in university education. The thesis is positioned at the intersection of the research areas of information systems and education. The general view of technology is grounded in the field of information systems, but it is connected to the field of learning using the framework for the rational analysis of mobile education (FRAME). The point of enquiry was chosen based on the fact that the number of people who use mobile devices today is higher than the number of people who use desktop computers. This presents an opportunity for higher education institutions to increase the reach of education services by means of delivering them on mobile devices. This, of course, also presents challenges.The thesis is situated in the interpretive paradigm and the methodological approach was action research. Data was collected through review of literature, interviews, focus group discussions, observations and online surveys. Findings suggest that mobile learning cannot replace existing forms of learning in least developed countries but blended learning is a feasible alternative. Three units of analysis were used and found to be significant for studying and evaluating mobile learning, the technical artefact, the social artefact and the information artefact, together making up the information systems artefact. The thesis contributes to theory by discussing how mobile learning can be seen to be constructed as an information systems artefact through these three constructs. Advancements in virtual learning technology may bring a new wave of learning management systems. The nature of the next generation of learning content management systems is a topic for further research.
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32.
  • Asiimwe, Edgar Napoleon, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Practices and challenges in an emerging m-learning environment
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: ijEDict - International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology. - Bridgetown, Barbados : University of the West Indies Press. - 1814-0556. ; 13:1, s. 103-122
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study reports an interpretative case study investigating practices and challenges in an emerging m-learning environment at Makerere University in Uganda. The research was part of the MobiClass pilot project. Data was collected by means of observations and interviews with teachers and various m-learning support staff, including teacher trainers, systems administrators and a software developer. The Framework for Rational Analysis of Mobile Education (FRAME) is used as an analytic framework. The research focuses on how learning content management systems (LCMS) are implemented and used for m-learning purposes. We observed teacher training and m-learning content development practices and found that teacher skills for developing educational content, institutional m-learning policies and training programs are crucial success factors. The main finding is the importance of the support staff; it takes a long time to implement new technology and change teaching practices, support staff is needed to manage, inspire and support student and teachers.
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33.
  • Grönlund, Åke, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • e-Government Research : A brief history
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of Hawaii International Conference on the System Sciences, Hawaii. - : IEEE. - 9780998133102 ; , s. 1-10
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
  •  
34.
  • Mutimukwe, Chantal, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Trusting and Adopting E-Government Services in Developing Countries? : Privacy Concerns and Practices in Rwanda
  • 2017
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • E-government is a strong focus in many developing countries. While services can technically benefit from solutions developed elsewhere, organizational development and user trust and acceptance are always local. In Least Developed Countries (LDCs) such issues become more dramatic as services are transformed quickly from traditional manual procedures to digitized ones copying models from developed countries. One of the most critical trust issues is privacy protection; e-government services must be developed in balance with citizens’ privacy views.To understand how to design trusted services in an LDC this study investigates information privacy concerns, perceptions of privacy practices, trust beliefs and behavior intentions towards using e-government services in Rwanda. The study was conducted by means of a survey (n = 540).A majority of the respondents had a considerable level of trust, and a positive view of the effectiveness of service providers’ privacy practices. Most respondents expressed positive intentions towards using e-government services. Still, a majority of the respondents expressed considerable privacy concerns. Men were more concerned than women and reported a higher reluctance to use e-government service. As this study is one of the few studies of privacy, trust and adoption of e-government in LDC, it contributes to broadening the context in which such issues have been researched.
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35.
  • Nhavoto, José António, 1981- (författare)
  • Integration of Mobile Technologies with Routine Healthcare Services in Mozambique
  • 2017
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Mobile technologies are emerging as one way to help address health challenges in many countries, including in Least Developed Countries. Mobile technology can reach a large share of the population but in order to provide effective support to healthcare services, technology, information collection and dissemination, and work processes need to be well aligned. The thesis uses a design science methodological approach and mixes qualitative and quantitative data analysis to address the question of, How can mobile technologies be effectively integrated with routine healthcare services?The study concerns the design, implementation, and evaluation of a mobile technology-based system, called SMSaúde, with the aim of improving the care of patients with HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis in Mozambique. The work started with the elicitation of functional and user requirements, based on focus group discussions. An important challenge, as in many mHealth interventions, was the integration with routine healthcare services and the existing IT systems, as well as developing a scalable technical structure. The system has now been in routine use since 2013 in more than 16 healthcare clinics in Mozambique. Evaluation was done by a randomised controlled study. Analysis of patient records showed that retention in care in urban areas was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group. In a user study both patients and health professionals were very positive to the system. The thesis contributes to research by demonstrating how information system artefacts can be constructed and successfully implemented in resource-constrained settings. The practical contributions include the designed artefact itself as well as improved healthcare practices and mHealth policy recommendations.
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36.
  • Nhavoto, José António, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Mobile health treatment support intervention for HIV and tuberculosis in Mozambique : Perspectives of patients and healthcare workers
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 12:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Studies have been conducted in developing countries using SMS to communicate with patients to reduce the number of missed appointments and improve retention in treatment, however; very few have been scaled up. One possible reason for this could be that patients or staff are dissatisfied with the method in some way. This paper reports a study of patients' and healthcare workers' (HCW) views on an mHealth intervention aiming to support retention in antiretroviral therapy (ART) and tuberculosis (TB) treatment in Mozambique.Methods: The study was conducted at five healthcare centres in Mozambique. Automated SMS health promotions and reminders were sent to patients in a RCT. A total of 141 patients and 40 HCWs were interviewed. Respondents rated usefulness, perceived benefits, ease of use, satisfaction, and risks of the SMS system using a Likert scale questionnaire. A semi-structured interview guide was followed. Interviews were transcribed and thematic analysis was conducted.Results: Both patients and HCW found the SMS system useful and reliable. Most highly rated positive effects were reducing the number of failures to collect medication and avoiding missing appointments. Patients' confidence in the system was high. Most perceived the system to improve communication between health-care provider and patient and assist in education and motivation. The automatic recognition of questions from patients and the provision of appropriate answers (a unique feature of this system) was especially appreciated. A majority would recommend the system to other patients or healthcare centres. Risks also were mentioned, mostly by HCW, of unintentional disclosure of health status in cases where patients use shared phones.Conclusions: The results suggest that SMS technology for HIV and TB should be used to transmit reminders for appointments, medications, motivational texts, and health education to increase retention in care. Measures must be taken to reduce risks of privacy intrusion, but these are not a main obstacle for scaling up systems of this kind.
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37.
  • Viberg, Olga, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Understanding students' learning practices : challenges for design and integration of mobile technology into distance education
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Learning, Media & Technology. - : Routledge. - 1743-9884 .- 1743-9892. ; 42:3, s. 357-377
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study explores the design requirements for mobile applications for second language learning in online/distance higher education settings. We investigate how students use technology and how they perceive that these technologies-in-practice facilitate their language learning. Structuration Theory is used for the analysis. Results show that design needs to consider that (i) students use their private mobile technologies frequently when conducting self-initiated learning tasks, (ii) students’ mobile technologies-in-practice are important, and course designers should design materials and tools for such use practices, and (iii) students prefer to work on their own due to the limited time they want to devote to their learning. Consequently, in regard to the pervasive nature of mobile technology integration in society and into students’ habitual use, they need various software tools on such devices to support individual learning.
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38.
  • Agélii Genlott, Annika, 1968-, et al. (författare)
  • Closing the gaps : Improving literacy and mathematics by ict-enhanced collaboration
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Computers and education. - : Elsevier. - 0360-1315 .- 1873-782X. ; 99, s. 68-80
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Literacy and mathematics are necessary skills that for different reasons unfortunately not everybody acquires sufficiently. In OECD countries there is also a gender gap; boys lag behind girls in literacy but often outperform girls in mathematics (OECD, 2012). ICT (Information and communication technologies) may contribute useful tools to address both these problems but in order to effectively create better educational conditions there is yet a need to develop effective methods that combine ICT with key factors for learning. This research contributes to this by measuring effects of the “Write to Learn” (WTL) method. WTL lets children from 1st grade use several ICT tools to write texts and subsequently discuss and refine them together with classmates and teachers using digital real-time formative feedback and assessment. The central learning factor addressed, in mathematics as well as in literacy, is the written communication allowing the learners to interact with peers and teachers. WTL draws on methods from socio-cultural theory, including continuous social interaction and written real-time formative feedback among peers, using shared electronic forums for collaboration, thereby providing social meaning and increased learning of literacy and mathematics, among both boys and girls.The study uses quantitative methods and two control groups, one using traditional method (no ICT) and one using technology individually (without integrated social interaction and formative feedback), to compare results from 502 students in grade 3 national tests in mathematics and literacy. WTL yields by far best results; higher average score both in literacy and mathematics, smaller gender gap, and significantly better results for the under-achievers. The ITU method performs worst, which shows that ICT use must be well integrated into the pedagogy to be useful.
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39.
  • Bakunzibake, Pierre, 1977-, et al. (författare)
  • E-Government Implementation in Developing Countries : Enterprise Content Management in Rwanda
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Electronic Government and Electronic Participation. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781614996705 - 9781614996699 ; , s. 251-259
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • E-Government is now on the rise in developing countries. While developing countries can "leapfrog" technology generations, the necessary organizational change is another matter. In industrialized countries technical systems have been developed over long time in parallel with institutional development; developing countries hope to make that journey faster. Most of the e-Government implementation research focuses on developed countries. It is important to explore the relation between the literature and the findings in the context of developing countries as to come up with a gap to reduce. An interview study with 56 people in 10 government organizations involved in implementing a government-wide enterprise content management system was conducted to find out how critical success factors found in literature on implementation of information management systems relate to the situation in the Rwanda public sector to discover the step forward in Rwanda. We find a large gap between expectations and results due to a strong focus on the technical tool and little concerns about issues related to organizational change.
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40.
  • Islam, M Sirajul, 1974-, et al. (författare)
  • An international literature review of 1:1 computing in schools
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of educational change. - : Springer Netherlands. - 1389-2843 .- 1573-1812. ; 17:2, s. 191-222
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper is based on a systematic literature review relevant to classroom integration of computer technologies in schools. The purpose of this review is to gain an accumulated view of uses, impacts and implementations of 1:1 computing initiatives for school children. Unlike previous reviews this study is not limited to certain countries or certain technologies. It includes any devices used in 1:1 computing (not just the PC), and schools worldwide. The paper investigates the themes being researched regarding 1:1 use in schools as well as exhibits some which are not yet being researched but should be important to investigate. The study finds mixed results including positive, negative and no-effects. The findings of this review are expected to be useful both for academics as well as policy makers for gaining insights for further research and successful educational policy reforms.
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41.
  • Larsson, Hannu, 1985-, et al. (författare)
  • Sustainable eGovernance? : Practices, problems and beliefs about the future in Swedish eGov practice
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Government Information Quarterly. - : Elsevier. - 0740-624X .- 1872-9517. ; 33:1, s. 105-114
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The use of ICTs in the public sector, eGovernance, is understood as a complex phenomenon intricately embedded in a continuously changing environment, including multiple actors with disparate interests.  A need for research that takes this complexity into account has been identified, and previous research has suggested employing a sustainability perspective.  The use of the sustainability concept in the eGovernance context is an emerging area without a common focus or use of the concept. There is a lack of research with a thorough basis in sustainability theory, and a need for empirical research focusing on sustainable eGovernance. In order to respond to this need the research question of this paper is, How can current eGovernance practice be interpreted from a sustainability perspective? A case study is performed in the context of Swedish eGovernance practice, at national and municipal level. Interviews are used to investigate practitioners’ views, which are analyzed by using a framework, developed based on eGovernance literature that highlights sustainability. We find that sustainability in eGovernance practice in this case revolve to a large extent around how actors struggle with achieving continuity and implementing a holistic view of the use of ICT in the public sector. We also highlight the issue of trade-offs between different sustainability dimensions.  
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42.
  • Mukamurenzi, Solange, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluating eGovernment Evaluation : Trend and Issues
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Electronic Government and Electronic Participation. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781614996705 - 9781614996699 ; , s. 123-134
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Evaluating e-government has proven difficult. Reasons include the complex nature of e-government, difficulties in measuring outcomes and impact, and the evolving nature of the phenomenon itself. Practical and effective evaluation methods would be useful to guide the development. To gauge the state of the art in the field, a review of contemporary literature investigated the status of research on e-government evaluation. We found the issues involved to be described by five critical factors: maturity levels, evaluation object, type of indicators, evaluation timing, and stakeholder involvement. The review suggests that there is no best model but rather that e-government evaluation must be situated and take a formative approach to guide the next step. However in doing so there is a need for a clear perspective on where e-government development is going. On this point research is more in agreement, and we provide a model to conceptualize this development.
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43.
  • Nilsson, Ulrica, 1960-, et al. (författare)
  • RAPP, a systematic e-assessment of postoperative recovery in patients undergoing day surgery : study protocol for a mixed-methods study design including a multicentre, two-group, parallel, single-blind randomised controlled trial and qualitative interview studies
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: BMJ Open. - London, United Kingdom : B M J Group. - 2044-6055. ; 6:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Day surgery is a well-established practice in many European countries, but only limited information is available regarding postoperative recovery at home though there is a current lack of a standard procedure regarding postoperative follow-up. Furthermore, there is also a need for improvement of modern technology in assessing patient-related outcomes such as mobile applications. This article describes the Recovery Assessment by Phone Points (RAPP) study protocol, a mixed-methods study to evaluate if a systematic e-assessment follow-up in patients undergoing day surgery is cost-effective and improves postoperative recovery, health and quality of life.Methods and analysis: This study has a mixed-methods study design that includes a multicentre, two-group, parallel, single-blind randomised controlled trial and qualitative interview studies. 1000 patients >17 years of age who are undergoing day surgery will be randomly assigned to either eassessed postoperative recovery follow-up daily in 14 days measured via smartphone app including the Swedish web-version of Quality of Recovery (SwQoR) or to standard care (ie, no follow-up). The primary aim is cost-effectiveness. Secondary aims are (A) to explore whether a systematic e-assessment follow-up after day surgery has a positive effect on postoperative recovery, health-related quality of life (QoL) and overall health; (B) to determine whether differences in postoperative recovery have an association with patient characteristic, type of surgery and anaesthesia; (C) to determine whether differences in health literacy have a substantial and distinct effect on postoperative recovery, health and QoL; and (D) to describe day surgery patient and staff experiences with a systematic e-assessment follow-up after day surgery.The primary aim will be measured at 2 weeks postoperatively and secondary outcomes (A–C) at 1 and 2 weeks and (D) at 1 and 4 months.
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44.
  • Susha, Iryna, 1986-, et al. (författare)
  • Open and Big Data Partnerships for Public Good : Interactive Live Polling of Influential Factors
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Electronic Government and Electronic Participation. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781614996705 - 9781614996699 ; , s. 405-406
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is much potential for open and big data to be used for addressing societal challenges of today. This drives a new kind of partnership called "data collaborative" emphasizing the value of data for public good. Data collaboratives stand for cross-sector partnerships, whereby organizations in the private or public sector disclose their data, as an act of good will, in order to contribute to a societal cause (such as e.g. healthcare, humanitarian, or other policy issues). In this workshop we focus on this emerging topic which so far has deserved little attention in research. In our previous research an initial framework of influential factors for data collaboratives was introduced. The workshop objective is to validate and refine this initial framework by inviting participants to take part in an interactive live polling exercise and assess a number of propositions about influential factors.
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45.
  • Asiimwe, Edgar Napoleon, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • MLCMS actual use, perceived use, and experiences of use
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: ijEDict - International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology. - 1814-0556. ; 11:1, s. 101-121
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mobile learning involves use of mobile devices to participate in learning activities. Most elearning activities are available to participants through learning systems such as learning content management systems (LCMS). Due to certain challenges, LCMS are not equally accessible on all mobile devices. This study investigates actual use, perceived usefulness and user experiences of LCMS use on mobile phones at Makerere University in Uganda. The study identifies challenges pertaining to use and discusses how to improve LCMS use on mobile phones. Such solutions are a cornerstone in enabling and improving mobile learning. Data was collected by means of focus group discussions, an online survey designed based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and LCMS log files of user activities. Data was collected from two courses where Moodle was used as a learning platform. The results indicate positive attitudes towards use of LCMS on phones but also huge challenges whichare content related and technical in nature.
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46.
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47.
  • Grönlund, Åke, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • Citizens’ use of new media in authoritarian regimes : A case study of Uganda
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries. - Hong Kong, China : City University of Hong Kong Press. - 1681-4835. ; 67:1, s. 1-23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • By subsidizing the costs of civic participation, the use of the Internet is believed to stimulate participation but there are fears that intensive Internet use causes withdrawal from public life. This paper investigates the connection between the way individuals participate online and offline in authoritarian, low-income regimes, and the nature of eParticipation among citizens in authoritarian regimes such as Uganda. Based on personal interviews with 116 Internet users, the study found that common drivers of eParticipation, such as low cost, security and anonymity are hard to transplant into the offline world for citizens of authoritarian states such as Uganda. Perceived risks of retribution and intimidation for expressing a particular opinion or supporting a political cause mean that citizen-to-citizen participation is the predominant form but still at low levels, while citizen-to-government participation is negligible.
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48.
  • Jaensson, Maria, 1967-, et al. (författare)
  • The developement of the recovery assessment by phone points (RAPP) : A mobile phone application for postoperative recovery monitoring and assessment
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: JMIR mhealth and uhealth. - Toronto, Canada : J M I R Publications, Inc.. - 2291-5222. ; 3:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: In Sweden, day surgery is performed in almost 2 million patients per year. Patient satisfaction is closely related to potential adverse events during the recovery process. A way to empower patients and give them the opportunity to affect care delivery is to let them evaluate their recovery process. The most common evaluation method is a follow-up telephone call by a nurse one or two days after surgery. In recent years, mHealth apps have been used to evaluate the nurse-patient relationship for self-management in chronic diseases or to evaluate pain after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, no previous research has explored the recovery process after day surgery via mobile phone in a Swedish cohort.Objective: The objective of the study is to describe the process of developing a mobile phone app using a Swedish Web-based Quality of Recovery (SwQoR) questionnaire to evaluate postoperative recovery after day surgery.Methods: The development process included five steps: (1) setting up an interdisciplinary task force, (2) evaluating the potential needs of app users, (3) developing the Swedish Web version of a QoR questionnaire, (4) constructing a mobile phone app, and (5) evaluating the interface and design by staff working in a day-surgery department and patients undergoing day surgery. A task force including specialists in information and communication technology, eHealth, and nursing care worked closely together to develop a Web-based app. Modifications to the QoR questionnaire were inspired by instruments used in the field of recovery for both children and adults. The Web-based app, Recovery Assessment by Phone Points (RAPP) consists of two parts: (1) a mobile app installed on the patient’s private mobile phone, and (2) an administrator interface for the researchers.Results: The final version of the SwQoR questionnaire, which includes 31 items, was successfully installed in RAPP. The interface and the design were evaluated by asking for user opinions about the design and usefulness of the app with 10 day surgery patients. Some minor adjustments were made concerning text size and screen color.Conclusions: Taking advantage of joint expertise, a useable Web-based app adaptable to different technical platforms was constructed. In addition, the SwQoR was successfully transferred into digital format for use on mobile phones.
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49.
  • Lim, Nena, et al. (författare)
  • Cloud computing : the beliefs and perceptions of Swedish school principals
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Computers and education. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1315 .- 1873-782X. ; 84, s. 90-100
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article highlights the importance of cloud computing in education and explores the environment surrounding schools' adoption of cloud services. Based on the technology leadership literature, the study investigates the beliefs and perceptions of school principals toward cloud computing. Principals of primary and high schools in Sweden were invited to participate in an online survey and 342 responses were received. Results suggest principals of Swedish schools believe the main benefits of cloud computing to be its ability to allow users to access data and software anywhere as long as there is Internet access and its ability to facilitate sharing of learning materials and data. The biggest obstacle is the concerns about security and privacy of data. Moreover, principals of public schools perceived more obstacles than those of private schools. Results also indicate a misalignment of beliefs between the principals and other stakeholders such as the municipalities' information technology (IT) departments and lawyers. This lack of shared views is another major obstacle for cloud computing adoption. Results provide useful first-hand information to municipalities, school administrators, and teachers on the beliefs and perceptions of the principals toward this new technology.
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50.
  • Nhavoto, José António, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • SMSaude : design, development and implementation of a remote/mobile patient management system to improve retention in care for HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis patients
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - Toronto, Canada : J M I R Publications, Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 3:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The widespread and low cost of mobile phones and the convenience of short message service (SMS) text messaging suggest potential suitability for use with alternative strategies for supporting retention in care and adherence to the treatment of various chronic diseases, such as HIV and tuberculosis (TB). Despite the growing body of literature reporting positive outcomes of SMS text message-based communication with patients, there is yet very little research about the integration of communication technologies and electronic medical records or electronic patient tracking systems.Objective: To design, develop, and implement an integrated mobile phone text messaging system used to follow up with patients with HIV and TB in treatment in Mozambique.Methods: Following the design science research methodology, we developed a Web-based system that provides support to patients. A case study involving three health care sites in Mozambique was a basis for discussing design issues for this kind of system. We used brainstorming techniques to solicit usability requirements, focus group meetings to discuss and define system architecture, and prototyping to test in real environments and to improve the system.Results: We found six sets of system requirements that need to be addressed for success: data collection, telecommunication costs, privacy and data security, text message content, connectivity, and system scalability. A text messaging system was designed and implemented in three health facilities. These sites feed data into a central data repository, which can be used for analysis of operations and decision support. Based on the treatment schedule, the system automatically sent SMS text message appointment reminders, medication reminders, as well as motivational and educational messages to patients enrolled in antiretroviral therapy and TB treatment programs.Conclusions: We successfully defined the requirements for, designed, and implemented a mobile phone text messaging system to support HIV and TB treatments. Implementation of this system could improve patients' self-management skills and strengthen communication between patients and health care providers.
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