| 1. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Effective Corporate Tax Rates and the Size Distribution of Firms
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade. - : Springer. - 1566-1679 .- 1573-7012. ; 10:3-4, s. 297-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the effects of effective corporate tax rates on the size distribution of firms. In modelling this relationship we account for conditional variables as well as unobservable time and industry effects. A number of hypotheses are tested concerning heterogeneity in the impact of effective corporate tax rates on the size distributions of firms with regard to firm size class, industry and time. The results are based on data covering the whole Swedish economy for the period 1973–2002. The descriptive results suggest that effective corporate tax rates differ by firm size, industry and over time. Application of t-tests demonstrate inequality in mean and variance of effective corporate tax rates between major size classes but not within major size classes: smaller firms report a higher effective corporate tax rate than larger firms. The t-tests also demonstrate inequality in mean and variance of effective corporate tax rates between industrial sectors: service sector reports a higher effective corporate tax rate than production sector. The regressions show effective corporate tax rates to have: a negative effect on the size distribution of large firms, negative effect on transportation, financing and service sector and a positive effect on manufacturing, electricity and on production sector. We conclude that effective corporate tax rates affect the size distribution of firms as well as the composition of industries.
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| 2. |
- Kim, T. -Y, et al.
(författare)
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Decelerating agricultural society : Theoretical and historical perspectives
- 2010
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Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 77:3, s. 479-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In general, societies are divided into agricultural and industrial types. This study presents theoretical and historical perspectives on decelerating agricultural societies. Agricultural demand and supply play major roles in society development. Three descriptions of an agricultural society and theories of its deceleration patterns are presented: the neo-classical production function, stage theory, and induced innovation. Two important cases of decelerating agricultural societies and their ultimate replacement by industrial societies, medieval Europe and nineteenth- and twentieth-century United States, are examined. The limitations of decelerating agricultural societies with a focus on structural problems, impacts of industrial structure, and problems of agriculture in market and non-market areas, are also discussed. The position of agriculture as described by economic development theory is established by analyzing the stages of economic development, the theory of structural change, and the theory of leading industry. Finally, the transition from an agricultural to a commercial society is described with a focus on the formation, development, value creation, and structural limitations of a commercial society. ©2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Oh, Dong-hyun, et al.
(författare)
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A sequential Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index : Environmentally sensitive productivity growth considering the progressive nature of technology
- 2010
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Ingår i: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0140-9883 .- 1873-6181. ; 32:6, s. 1345-1355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study proposes an index for measuring environmentally sensitive productivity growth which appropriately considers the nature of technical change. The rationale of this methodology is to exclude a spurious technical regress from the macroeconomic perspective. In order to incorporate this in developing the index, a directional distance function and the concept of the successive sequential production possibility set are combined. With this combination, the conventional Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index is modified to give the sequential Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index. This index is employed in measuring environmentally sensitive productivity growth and its decomposed components of 26 OECD countries for the period 1970-2003. We distinguish two main empirical findings. First, even though the components of the conventional Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index and the proposed index are different, the trends of rates of average productivity growth are similar. Second, unlike in previous studies, the efficiency change is the main contributor to the earlier study period, whereas the effect of technical change has prevailed over time.
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| 4. |
- Tausch, Arno, et al.
(författare)
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Re-Orient? Understanding Contemporary Shifts in the Global Political Economy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Globalization Studies. - 2075-8103. ; 2:2, s. 89-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses the logic of the current global economic crisis by using the IMF estimates of economic growth in 180 countries (IMF 2009), and links the results to the ‘Re-Orient’ approach, put forward by Frank (1998). With global economic gravitation shifting to the Indian Ocean / Pacific region, the article also analyses the role of MNC (foreign capital) penetration as the key variable of past quantitative dependency studies for contemporary economic growth and social performance. In a Schumpeterian fashion, MNC penetration reflects the power, which transnational oligopolies wield over local economies. Today, social polarization and stagnation increase as a consequence of the development model, based on high MNC penetration.
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| 5. |
- Al-Hammadany, Firas H., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the Purpose of Using Internet in Iraq: A Multinomial Logit Model
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology. - 2069-5934. ; 1:6, s. 1-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet accessibility is positively correlated with infrastructure development and nature of government policies. Though Iraq has shown considerable increase in Internet connectivity, it constitutes only 10 % of its population. In this study, the significant factors determining the use and non-use of Internet have been identified and analyzed. The results revealed that human development, human capital, institutional and legal environment, existing technologies, government policy making and income levels affect the Internet accessibility. The non-Internet users mainly comprised from 12-25 years age group. Similarly, high school and diploma students constituted significant proportion ofnon-Internet users. Lack of awareness and poor access to Internet facility were quoted as the most significant factors that resulted in the poor Internet accessibility which were supported by the used multinomial logit model. Low income level of the people resulted in non-use of Internet. The use of Internet was found to be highest among those with high level of education. Hence, the measures like provision of ICT based training programs, effective government policy for prioritizing Internet in education sector and allowing most advanced Internet technologies in e-governance and increased efforts for enhancing human development and human capital would enhance the rate of Internet accessibility in Iraq.
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| 6. |
- Al-Hammadany, F. H., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of internet use in Iraq
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Communication. - 1932-8036. ; 5:1, s. 1967-1989
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Internet is considered to be today’s most advanced technology and a key to progress in communications and in the exchange of information, goods, services, and technologies. Since its introduction during the late 1960s, the Internet has been instrumental in creating opportunities and conditions for progress in developed and developing nations alike. Not all nations, though, welcome this particular tool of global interconnectivity. One such nation is Iraq, which faces huge challenges in increasing Internet penetration, capacity building, and changing the traditional methods of communications. This study of Iraq’s efforts during this difficult undertaking explores the many factors that define this transition process. It concludes by explaining the determinants of Internet use in Iraq. The results of the study indicate that while Iraqis are eager to adopt this technology in order to reach out to the world, a number of factors are not allowing it to become a public domain. Factors include lack of adequate resources, insufficient incentives and encouragement from the government, and social inhibitions. ©2011 (Firas H. al-Hammadany, Almas Heshmati).
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| 7. |
- Bhandari, A. K., et al.
(författare)
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Willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1054-8408 .- 1540-7306. ; 27:6, s. 612-623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nature-based tourism is the fastest growing tourism in many parts of the world. The attitude toward conservation of nature is measured by individuals’ willingness to pay. This study has made an attempt to investigate the determinants of tourists’ willingness to pay (WTP) for biodiversity conservation. The determinants include a combination of socio-economic and site-specific characteristics of tourists. The study was conducted in Sikkim, which is India’s prime nature-based tourism destination. Results show WTP, and effects of education, and income of tourists. Among site-specific characteristics, length of stay and number of spots are the significant determinants ofWTP. This empirical research is a valuable input to identify market segment among tourists, which might help to generate more revenues for biodiversity conservation in Sikkim. ©Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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| 8. |
- Borja-Barrera, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of efficiency of mobile operators in South America
- 2011
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Ingår i: Information and communication technologies policies and practices. - New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781608766710 ; , s. 145-165
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Telecommunications plays a major role worldwide with the aim of achieving a bettersocial life for citizens and is one of the major factors contributing to economic growth.This study provides an efficiency analysis of mobile operators in Colombia, Venezuela,Chile and Brazil.For the empirical analysis, the stochastic frontier functions approach is employed toanalyze data from 10 mobile operators from the sample countries. Mobile operators inColombia are compared with others from Venezuela, Chile, and Brazil. Panel data from2005 to 2007 is used in the analysis.The efficiency estimation for each operator over time shows that the level is affectedby some firms and market characteristics such as: type of ownership, market share, typeof technology and firm level wages. One of the main findings of this research is thatsmaller operators work at the same level of efficiency compared with their largercounterparts. ©2010 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- El-Rhinaoui, R., et al.
(författare)
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Mobile operators in MENA region : Impact of foreign ownership and market share on financial performance and traffic
- 2011
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Ingår i: Information and Communication Technologies Policies and Practices. - New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781608766710 ; , s. 167-190
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As the process of telecommunication liberalization and increased competitionevolves, the situation of market competition and the structure of mobile operators differsconsiderably across the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries. This studyattempts to analyze the effects of foreign ownership and the market share on the trafficand financial performance of mobile operators in MENA region. To achieve theseobjectives, we use panel data estimation methods to assess MENA mobile industryperformances using an unbalanced panel data of 13 mobile operators observed over theperiod 2002-2007. The empirical analysis results, using fixed and random effect models,showed that both foreign ownership and a higher market share have a significant positiveimpact on traffic, revenues, returns on sales and returns on investment of mobileoperators in the MENA region. ©2010 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
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