| 51. |
- Hanson, Niklas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of long-term biomarker data from Perch (Perca fluviatilis) in the Baltic Sea suggests increasing exposure to environmental pollutants
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 1552-8618 .- 0730-7268. ; 28:2, s. 364-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 1988, biomarkers in female perch (Perca fluviatilis) have been analyzed at a reference site on the Swedish Baltic coast. Strong time trends toward increasing hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and reduced gonadosomatic index (GSI) have been observed. This could be caused by pollutants as well as other factors, such as increasing water temperature or reduced mean age of sampled fish. Correlation analyses were used to find the most probable explanation for the time trends. The time trends were still significant for EROD (p < 0.001) and GSI (p < 0.001) when the correlations were controlled for age. Furthermore, increasing water temperature could not explain the time trends. Exposure to pollutants through runoff from land was found to be probable, because mean flow rate in a nearby river during the last 20 d before sampling correlated to EROD activity (p < 0.01). In addition, the sum of EROD activities during the life time of the perch (ERODlife) correlated significantly with GSI (p < 0.001). This suggests that perch exposed to more EROD-inducing chemicals during their lifetime have reduced or delayed gonad development. The time trend in GSI and the correlation between ERODlife and GSI were supported by data from a site in the Bothnian Bay (northern Baltic Sea; p < 0.05). The results indicate that increased rain fall (climate change) can affect the distribution and bioavailability of chemicals in coastal areas. The link between EROD and gonad size supports the common assumption that biochemical biomarkers can act as early warning signals for effects on higher levels, which commonly is difficult to show. The significant results can probably be attributed to the unique 20-year data set.
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| 52. |
- Hanson, Niklas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial and annual variation to define the normal range of biological endpoints: an example with biomarkers in perch
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - 0730-7268. ; 29:11, s. 2616-2624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A signal from a biological endpoint can be considered evidence of environmental impact only if it is known that similar signals are unlikely to occur naturally. Using multiple reference sites, the normal range can be estimated. This can be defined as the span that includes 95% of the reference sites. If an investigated site is outside this range, it is interpreted as evidence of impact. The choice of reference sites is thus important for the outcome of the study. Here, biomarker levels in perch (Perca fluviatilis) at a potentially impacted site were compared to different types of reference data. The potentially impacted site was located close to a densely populated area. Four reference sites were located in relatively undisturbed areas on the Swedish Baltic coast. Furthermore, historical data from one of the reference sites were included. The present study showed that multiple reference sites are needed to avoid the risk of interpreting natural variation as impact. The number of reference sites needed depends on the desired level of statistical power. An alternative to multiple reference sites may be to use historical data to estimate the natural variation. However, historical data can include temporal variation due to factors that may not be relevant for the hypothesis that is tested, e.g., climatic variation or changed background levels of pollution.
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| 53. |
- Hansson, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term monitoring of the health status of female perch (Perca fluviatilis) in the Baltic Sea shows decreased gonad weight and increased hepatic EROD activity
- 2006
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Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-445X. ; 79:4, s. 341-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Annual investigations of the health status of female perch (Perca fluviatilis) were performed during 8-13 years in order to detect long-term, large-scale changes in the Baltic Sea. These background data are also meant to be used as baselines in recipient investigations at various point sources in the Baltic Sea. Fish were sampled at three coastal sites in Sweden: two in the Baltic Proper (since 1988) and one in the Bothnian Bay (since 1993). In all, 19 biochemical, physiological and histopathological variables were measured. By reflecting central functions of life, such as red blood cell functions, immune defence, liver function, biotransformation processes, intermediary metabolism, ion balance, and reproduction, the selected variables give a good picture of the health status of the fish. The most important observations were strong trends towards decreased gonadosomatic index (relative gonad size) and increased hepatic EROD activity in female perch in the Baltic Proper. Most of the other variables varied little between the years. The reduced gonad size and the EROD induction indicate that factors in the environment, e.g. the occurrence of pollutants, affect important physiological functions, such as reproduction and biotransformation processes, in fish even in a reference area in the Baltic Proper. It is urgent to make further studies in order to identify which pollutant(s) or other possible cause(s) are responsible for the observed biological effects. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 54. |
- Holmberg, Anna, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Does waterborne citalopram affect the aggressive and sexual behaviour of rainbow trout and guppy?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of hazardous materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3336 .- 0304-3894. ; 187:1-3, s. 596-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Citalopram is one of several selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) commonly found in treated sewage effluents. Accordingly, there are concerns about possible adverse effects of SSRIs on aquatic organisms, particularly behavioural effects similar to those associated with SSRI use in humans. Rainbow trout fry and adult male guppies were therefore exposed to waterborne citalopram, ranging from environmentally relevant to high concentrations (1, 10, 100 μg/L) for 3-7 days. Under these experimental conditions citalopram does not appear to cause significant effects on aggression in rainbow trout fry or on sexual behaviour in male guppies. This may be explained by a relatively low uptake of citalopram from water to fish.
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| 55. |
- Kling, Peter, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Gender-specific proteomic responses in zebrafish liver following exposure to a selected mixture of brominated flame retardants
- 2008
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Ingår i: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. - : Elsevier Inc. - 1090-2414 .- 0147-6513. ; 71:2, s. 319-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteomic effect screening in zebrafish liver was performed to generate hypotheses following exposure (21 days) to a structurally diverse mixture of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Fish were exposed to two doses (10 and 100 nmol/g feed). Two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis, image analysis and MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry revealed 13 and 19 significant responses in males and females, respectively. Effects on proteins related to cellular maintenance and stress were observed in both genders. Regulated proteins were gender-specific, but functionally indicated common protective responses (peroxiredoxin 6 and Zgc:92891 in males and transketolase in females) suggesting oxidative stress. Betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) was induced in both genders. In addition a female-specific downregulation of ironhomeostatic proteins (iron-regulatory protein 1 and transferrin) were observed. Our proteomic approach revealed novel responses that suggest important gender-specific sensitivity to BFRs that should be considered when interpreting adverse effects of BFRs.
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| 56. |
- Kling, Peter, 1968, et al.
(författare)
-
Proteomic studies in zebrafish liver cells exposed to the brominated flame retardants HBCD and TBBPA.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2414 .- 0147-6513. ; 72:7, s. 1985-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteomic effect screening in zebrafish liver cells was performed to generate hypotheses regarding single and mixed exposure to the BFRs HBCD and TBBPA. Responses at sublethal exposure were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF and FT-ICR protein identification. Mixing of HBCD and TBBPA at sublethal doses of individual substances seemed to increase toxicity. Proteomic analyses revealed distinct exposure-specific and overlapping responses suggesting novel mechanisms with regard to HBCD and TBBPA exposure. While distinct HBCD responses were related to decreased protein metabolism, TBBPA revealed effects related to protein folding and NADPH production. Overlapping responses suggest increased gluconeogenesis (GAPDH and aldolase) while distinct mixture effects suggest a pronounced NADPH production and changes in proteins related to cell cycle control (prohibitin and crk-like oncogene). We conclude that mixtures containing HBCD and TBBPA may result in unexpected effects highlighting proteomics as a sensitive tool for detecting and hypothesis generation of mixture effects.
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| 57. |
- Kristiansson, Erik, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the Zoarces viviparus liver transcriptome using massively parallel pyrosequencing
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 10:345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The teleost Zoarces viviparus (eelpout) lives along the coasts of Northern Europe and has long been an established model organism for marine ecology and environmental monitoring. The scarce information about this species genome has however restrained the use of efficient molecular-level assays, such as gene expression microarrays. Results In the present study we present the first comprehensive characterization of the Zoarces viviparus liver transcriptome. From 400,000 reads generated by massively parallel pyrosequencing, more than 50,000 pieces of putative transcripts were assembled, annotated and functionally classified. The data was estimated to cover roughly 40% of the total transcriptome and homologues for about half of the genes of Gasterosteus aculeatus (stickleback) were identified. The sequence data was consequently used to design an oligonucleotide microarray for large-scale gene expression analysis. Conclusion Our results show that one run using a Genome Sequencer FLX from 454 Life Science/Roche generates enough genomic information for adequate de novo assembly of a large number of genes in a higher vertebrate. The generated sequence data, including the validated microarray probes, are publicly available to promote genome-wide research in Zoarces viviparus.
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| 58. |
- Larsson, D. G. Joakim, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Ethinyloestradiol – an undesired fish contraceptive?
- 1999
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Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - 0166-445X .- 1879-1514. ; 45:2-3, s. 91-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental oestrogens are natural or synthetic substances present in the environment, which imitate the effects of endogenous oestrogen. Oestrogenic substances were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in effluent water from a Swedish sewage treatment works receiving mainly domestic wastewater. Substances found include the synthetic oestrogen used in contraceptives 17 alpha-ethinyloestradiol (4.5 ng l(-1)), the natural oestrogens oestrone (5.8 ng l(-1)) and 17 beta-oestradiol (1.1 ng l(-1)), and the weaker non-steroidal oestrogens 4-nonylphenol (840 ng l(-1)) and bisphenol A (490 ng l(-1)). Ethinyloestradiol exceeded levels shown to be oestrogenic to fish by 45 times. The oestrogenicity of the effluent water was investigated by introducing juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in cages downstream of the sewage treatment works. After 2 weeks, all oestrogens indicated were present in the bile of the fish, and the oestrogen inducible protein, vitellogenin, was found in large amounts in the plasma (1.5 mg ml(-1)), as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Thus, a widely used synthetic oestrogen affects the endocrine systems of fish exposed to sewage effluent water.
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| 59. |
- Larsson, D. G. Joakim, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Male-biased sex ratios of fish embryos near a pulp mill: temporary recovery after a short-term shutdown.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Environmental health perspectives. - 0091-6765. ; 110:8, s. 739-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a previous study we showed that broods from the viviparous eelpout Zoarces viviparus were significantly male biased in 1998 in the vicinity of a large kraft pulp mill on the Swedish Baltic coast. One suggested hypothesis was that masculinizing compounds in the effluent were affecting gonadal differentiation of the embryos, resulting in skewed sex ratios. In this article, we present further evidence for a causal relationship between the exposure to the effluent and the male-biased sex ratios. Analyses of historical samples showed that the eelpout produced male-biased broods close to the mill in 1997 in addition to 1998. During 1999, the mill was shut down for 17 days, coinciding with the period when the gonads of the eelpout embryos differentiate. Subsequently, in the fall of 1999, the sex ratios were no longer male biased; however, the following year (2000), a significant male bias reappeared. Investigations at 13 sites for up to 4 years showed a relatively stable sex ratio around 50/50, with the exceptions by the mill and with few observations of deviating ratios at other sites. Several reports document endocrine disturbances in fish near pulp and paper mills, including the expression of male secondary sex characters in female fish. The repeatedly identified male bias at the investigated mill, the normalization after mill shutdown, and the reappearance the following year indicate that pulp mill effluents also can affect sex ratios of nearby fish.
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| 60. |
- Larsson, D. G. Joakim, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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More male fish embryos near a pulp mill
- 2000
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Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 19:12, s. 2911-2917
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to endocrine disrupters during early life stages may cause severe long-term effects. One process likely to be affected is sexual differentiation, which in fish can be influenced by both exogenous androgens and estrogens. To investigate if sexual differentiation is disturbed in wild fish exposed to pollutants, we studied embryonic sex ratios in a viviparous, gonochoristic fish species, the eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), whose embryos complete sexual differentiation before birth. The normal sex ratio of the eelpout was close to 50% females at four reference stations. In the effluent gradient of a large Swedish pulp mill, however, the sex ratios were significantly male biased. In light of the endocrine disturbances found near several pulp and paper mills in Europe and North America, it is suggested that endocrine disrupters may interfere with sexual differentiation and, thereby, affect the reproductive potential of fish populations.
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