| 31. |
- Johansson, Maria Eiman, et al.
(författare)
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Registered Nurses´Adherence to Clinical Guidelines Regarding Peripheral Venous Catheters : A Structured Observational Study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. - : Blackwell. - 1545-102X .- 1741-6787. ; 5:3, s. 148-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- peripheral catheterization is a common procedure, which affects numerous patients in health care today. having peripheral venous catheters in situ might lead to complications such as thrombophlebitis and sepsis, and clinical guidelines have been developed to assist nurses in their decisionmaking. Several reasons are given for clinicians not always adhering to clinical guidelines, although such adherence might lead to fewer complications. This papaer aims to describe registered nurses´adherence to national and local guidelines on peripheral venous catheters by focusing on time in situ, site, size, and documentation at the dressing. An additional aim is to describe the thrombophlebitis frequency associated with peripheral venous catheters in situ. Structured observational study of patients with peripheral venous catheters in situ, conducted from December 2004 to June 2005. data of 343 peripheral venous catheters were analyzed. Nurses partly adhered to national and local guidelines concerning size and site. Guideline adherence concerning documentation at the dressing was low. The results showed that non-adherence pertaining to time in situ varied between 5% and 26.3%. Differences between adherence to national or local guidelines were shown for size, site, and documentation at the dressing. Mild thrombophlebitis (Grades 1 and 2) was observed in 7.0%. Nurses partly adhered to clinical guidelines. Differences in guideline adherence were observed for wards with local or national guigelines, as well as for wards with different specialities. In accordance with clinical guidelines, the nurses seemed to replace or remove peripheral venous catheters before any severe complications arose. Adherence to clinical guidelines has an impact for preventing patient complications and thus it is essential that nurses are aware of their existence. Feedback and discussions of guideline adherence or of complication rates might influence nurses´clinical decision-making.
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| 32. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Innovative transformations of global city regions in the post-urban world
- 2020
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Ingår i: Urban empires: Cities as global rulers in the new urban world. Glaeser, E., Kourtit, K., Nijkamp, P. (red.). - New York City : Taylor & Francis. - 9780429892363 - 9781138601703 ; , s. 257-274, s. 257-274
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 33. |
- Kashfi, Pariya, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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A conceptual ux-aware model of requirements
- 2016
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783319449012 ; 9856, s. 234-245, s. 234-245
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- User eXperience (UX) is becoming increasingly important for success of software products. Yet, many companies still face various challenges in their work with UX. Part of these challenges relate to inadequate knowledge and awareness of UX and that current UX models are commonly not practical nor well integrated into existing Software Engineering (SE) models and concepts. Therefore, we present a conceptual UX-aware model of requirements for software development practitioners. This layered model shows the interrelation between UX and functional and quality requirements. The model is developed based on current models of UX and software quality characteristics. Through the model we highlight the main differences between various requirement types in particular essentially subjective and accidentally subjective quality requirements. We also present the result of an initial validation of the model through interviews with 12 practitioners and researchers. Our results show that the model can raise practitioners’ knowledge and awareness of UX in particular in relation to requirement and testing activities. It can also facilitate UX-related communication among stakeholders with different backgrounds.
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| 34. |
- Kjellberg, A., et al.
(författare)
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Randomised, controlled, open label, multicentre clinical trial to explore safety and efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen for preventing ICU admission, morbidity and mortality in adult patients with COVID-19
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction COVID-19 may cause severe pneumonitis and trigger a massive inflammatory response that requires ventilatory support. The intensive care unit (ICU)-mortality has been reported to be as high as 62%. Dexamethasone is the only of all anti-inflammatory drugs that have been tested to date that has shown a positive effect on mortality. We aim to explore if treatment with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is safe and effective for patients with severe COVID-19. Our hypothesis is that HBO can prevent ICU admission, morbidity and mortality by attenuating the inflammatory response. The primary objective is to evaluate if HBO reduces the number of ICU admissions compared with best practice treatment for COVID-19, main secondary objectives are to evaluate if HBO reduces the load on ICU resources, morbidity and mortality and to evaluate if HBO mitigates the inflammatory reaction in COVID-19. Methods and analysis A randomised, controlled, phase II, open label, multicentre trial. 200 subjects with severe COVID-19 and at least two risk factors for mortality will be included. Baseline clinical data and blood samples will be collected before randomisation and repeated daily for 7 days, at days 14 and 30. Subjects will be randomised with a computer-based system to HBO, maximum five times during the first 7 days plus best practice treatment or only best practice treatment. The primary endpoint, ICU admission, is defined by criteria for selection for ICU. We will evaluate if HBO mitigates the inflammatory reaction in COVID-19 using molecular analyses. All parameters are recorded in an electronic case report form. An independent Data Safety Monitoring Board will review the safety parameters. Ethics and dissemination The trial is approved by The National Institutional Review Board in Sweden (2020-01705) and the Swedish Medical Product Agency (5.1-2020-36673). Positive, negative and any inconclusive results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals with open access.
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| 35. |
- Kuzniarz, Ludwik, et al.
(författare)
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Generating Domain Models from Ontologies.
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Conference on Object-Oriented Information Systems, LNCS, Springer. - Montpellier, France : SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents and elaborates on the idea of automatic acquisition of knowledge about domain structure from ontologies into an object-oriented software development process. The information required to be included in the domain model produced during the development process is identified. The existence of the knowledge in ontologies is investigated. Requirements for ontology description languages are formulated followed by brief evaluation of existing languages against these requirements. A schema for domain knowledge acquisition is outlined. A realization of the schema is sketched in the paper while the implementation details can be found in the technical report.
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| 36. |
- Lenberg, Per, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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An initial analysis of differences in software engineers’ attitudes towards organizational change
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 9th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering, CHASE 2016. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Press. - 9781450341554 ; , s. 1-7
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to manage change is important in software engineering organizations, where rapid progress in technologies and constantly evolving methodologies create a turbulent environment. Research has identified employees’ attitudes towards organizational change as a key factor in the change process. Nonetheless, few studies exist that explore such attitudes in a software engineering context. The nature of change efforts is such that they often do not equally affect the various roles in the organization, which indicates that the roles may hold different attitudes. This study aimed to verify the existence of these presumed differences in attitudes towards organizational change between roles in a software engineering organization and to identify factors that contribute to these differences. The result of a survey (N=51) confirmed that there were significant differences, and that the software developers had a more positive attitude towards change and had deeper knowledge about the intended outcome compared to the line managers. The result of in-depth interviews (N=11) revealed that the software engineers evaluate the planned change in relation to the norms, values and standards of their peer group, meaning that an employee will have a positive attitude towards a change if its result is likely to make, or has made, it easier for him/her to uphold the peer group’s norms and values.
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| 37. |
- Lenberg, Per, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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An initial analysis of software engineers’ attitudes towards organizational change
- 2017
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Ingår i: Empirical Software Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1382-3256 .- 1573-7616. ; 22, s. 2179-2205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2016, The Author(s). Employees’ attitudes towards organizational change are a critical determinant in the change process. Researchers have therefore tried to determine what underlying concepts that affect them. These extensive efforts have resulted in the identification of several antecedents. However, no studies have been conducted in a software engineering context and the research has provided little information on the relative impact and importance of the identified concepts. In this study, we have combined results from previous social science research with results from software engineering research, and thereby identified three underlying concepts with an expected significant impact on software engineers’ attitudes towards organizational change, i.e. their knowledge about the intended change outcome, their understanding of the need for change, and their feelings of participation in the change process. The result of two separate multiple regression analysis, where we used industrial questionnaire data (N=56), showed that the attitude concept openness to change is predicted by all three concepts, while the attitude concept readiness for change is predicted by need for change and participation. Our research provides an empirical baseline to an important area of software engineering and the result can be a starting-point for future organizational change research. In addition, the proposed model prescribes practical directions for software engineering organizations to adopt in improving employees’ responses to change and, thus, increase the probability of a successful change.
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| 38. |
- Lenberg, Per, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Human factors related challenges in software engineering - An industrial perspective
- 2015
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Ingår i: 8th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE). - : IEEE. - 9781467370318
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2015 IEEE. It is increasingly recognised that successful Software Engineering not only depends on technical or process issues, but requires attention to human factors. Researchers include such aspects which has led to both new theories and refined methods. However, it is not clear if professionals in the software industry agree that human factors are critical and what the related challenges and possibilities are. The purpose of the present study is to address this discrepancy. Using a qualitative research method, we elicited information about how and why human factors affect Software Engineering projects, which challenges are of special interest and the context in which they arise. Thematic analysis of data from interviews with nine senior software professionals in multiple Swedish software companies of differing size identified four main challenging areas. As supported by existing research, customer relations and communications were highlighted as important, but so too is the need for more holistic and multi-dimensional solutions and the importance of human factors in software organisational change. In addition, quantitative results indicate that the professionals see the organisational and group aspects as more important than the individual aspect. Our results can help to focus future research on matters that software practitioners consider important.
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| 39. |
- Lenberg, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Qualitative software engineering research : Reflections and guidelines
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Software. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2047-7473 .- 2047-7481.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Researchers are increasingly recognizing the importance of human aspects in software development. Because qualitative methods are used to explore human behavior in-depth, we believe that studies using such methods will become more common. Existing qualitative software engineering guidelines do not cover the full breadth of qualitative methods and the knowledge on how to use them like in social sciences. The purpose of this study was to extend the software engineering community's current body of knowledge regarding available qualitative methods and their quality assurance frameworks and to provide recommendations and guidelines for their use. With the support of an epistemological argument and a survey of the literature, we suggest that future research would benefit from (1) utilizing a broader set of research methods, (2) more strongly emphasizing reflexivity, and (3) employing qualitative guidelines and quality criteria. We present an overview of three qualitative methods commonly used in social sciences but rarely seen in software engineering research, namely interpretative phenomenological analysis, narrative analysis, and discourse analysis. Furthermore, we discuss the meaning of reflexivity in relation to the software engineering context and suggest means of fostering it. Our paper will help software engineering researchers better select and then guide the application of a broader set of qualitative research methods. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 40. |
- Lenberg, Per, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Behavioral Software Engineering
- 2014
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Ingår i: CHASE 2014 Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450328609 ; , s. 48-55
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Throughout the history of Software Engineering (SE) it has been repeatedly found that the humans involved, i.e. the engineers and developers in addition to other stakeholders, are a key factor in determining project outcomes and success. However, the amount of research that focuses on human aspects has been limited compared to research with technology or process focus. With increasing maturity of the field, interest in agile methods and a growing dissatisfaction with the continued challenges of developing high-quality software on time, the amount of SE research putting human aspect in primary focus has increased. In this paper we argue that a synthesized view of the emerging human-focused SE research is needed and can add value through giving focus, direction and help identify gaps. Taking cues from the addition of Behavioral Economics as an important part of the area of Economics we propose the term Behavioral Software Engineering (BSE) as an umbrella concept for research that focus on behavioral and social aspects in the work activities of software engineers. We propose that a model based on three units of analysis can give structure and point to concepts that are important for BSE. To add detail to this model we are conducting a systematic review to map out what is currently known. To exemplify the model and the area we here present the results from a subset of the identified concepts.
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