| 1. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Release of sex pheromone and its precursors in the pine sawfly Diprion pini (Hym., Diprionidae)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Chemoecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-7409 .- 1423-0445. ; 15:3, s. 147-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first identification of a sex pheromone of a pine sawfly (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) dates back almost thirty years. Since then, female-produced pheromones of over twenty diprionid species have been investigated by solvent extraction followed by separation and identification. However, no study has shown what the females actually release. Collection of airborne compounds using absorbtion on charcoal filter as well as solid phase microextraction (SPME) followed by analysis employing gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealed an unusual system in Diprion pini, in which the pheromone precursor alcohol, 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, is released together with acetic, propionic, butyric and isobutyric acids. The corresponding acetate, propionate and butyrate esters of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol were also found in the samples. All esters were electrophysiologically active, and the propionate and isobutyrate were attractive in trapping experiments. Based on these and earlier reported results, it seems that at least in part of its range, the pheromone response of D. pini is not very specific with regard to the functional group, as long as this is an ester.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary gas exchange is reduced by the cardiovascular diving response in resting humans
- 2008
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Ingår i: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-9048 .- 1878-1519. ; 160:3, s. 320-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diving response reduces the pulmonary O2 uptake in exercising humans, but it has been debated whether this effect is present at rest. Therefore, respiratory and cardiovascular responses were recorded in 16 resting subjects, performing apnea in air and apnea with face immersion in cold water (10 ◦C). Duration of apneas were predetermined to be identical in both conditions (average: 145 s) and based on individual maximal capacity (average: 184 s). Compared to apnea in air, an augmented diving response was elicited by apnea with face immersion. The O2 uptake from the lungs was reduced compared to the resting eupneic control (4.6 ml min−1 kg−1), during apnea in air (3.6 ml min−1 kg−1) and even more so during apnea with face immersion (3.4 ml min−1 kg -1). We conclude that the cardiovascular djustments of the diving response reduces pulmonary gas exchange in resting humans, allowing longer apneas by preserving the lungs’ O2 store for use by vital organs.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Repeated apneas do not affect the hypercapnic ventilatory response in the short term
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 105:4, s. 569-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term training of breath-hold diving reduces the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR), an index of the CO(2) sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether also short-term apnea training (repeating apneas with short intervals) reduces the HCVR, thereby being one contributing factor explaining the progressively increasing breath-holding time (BHT) with repetition of apneas. Fourteen healthy volunteers performed a series of five maximal-duration apneas with face immersion and two measurements of the HCVR, using the Read rebreathing method. The BHT increased by 43% during the series of apneas (P < 0.001). However, the slope of the HCVR test was not affected by the series of apneas, being 2.52 (SD 1.27) and 2.24 (SD 1.14) l min(-1) mmHg(-1) in the control test and in the test performed within 2 min after the last apnea of the series, respectively (NS). Thus, a change in the HCVR cannot explain the observed short-term training effect on BHT.
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| 4. |
- André, Malin, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosis-prescribing surveys in 2000, 2002 and 2005 in Swedish general practice : Consultations, diagnosis, diagnostics and treatment choices
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 40:8, s. 648-654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to present diagnostic patterns, diagnostics used and antibiotic treatment in relation to guidelines in 3 repeated diagnosis-prescription studies conducted simultaneously in general practice in 5 Swedish counties, during 1 week in November 2000, 2002 and 2005. General practitioners (GPs) at the participating health centres were asked to complete a form for all patients with symptoms of an infectious disease. During the studied periods a total of 15,371 consultations was registered. Consultations with GPs diagnosed as respiratory tract infection (RTI), especially consultations for sore throat, decreased considerably between y 2000 and 2005. The percentage of patients allocated an RTI diagnosis and prescribed an antibiotic declined significantly from 54% to 49% and the decline was most pronounced among children. Penicillin V remained the dominant antibiotic prescribed throughout the study periods. For lower urinary tract infections there was a significant change in choice of prescribed antibiotics with an increase for pivmecillinam and nitrofurantoin and a decrease for trimethoprim, in accordance with recommendations. The results indicate a quite close adherence to current guidelines, with changes in the pattern of consultations as well as in the management of infectious diseases in general practice in Sweden.
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| 5. |
- André, Malin, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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The management of infections in children in general practice in Sweden. : a repeated 1-week diagnosis-prescribing study in 5 counties in 2000 and 2002.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-1899 .- 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 37:11-12, s. 863-869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A diagnosis-prescribing study was performed in 5 Swedish counties during 1 week in November in 2000 and repeated in 2002. The aim of the present study was to analyse data for children 0-15y of age who consulted a general practitioner with symptoms of an infection. During the 2 weeks studied, 4049 children were consulted. Respiratory tract infections (RTI) were the predominant diagnoses, above all among the youngest children, while the proportion of urinary tract infections and skin infections increased with increasing age. Between the y 2000 and 2002, the proportion of children allocated the diagnosis streptococcal tonsillitis and pneumonia decreased (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) while the proportion of common cold increased (p<0.001). Antibiotic prescribing decreased from 55% to 48% (p<0.001) for respiratory infections between the years studied. The only significant changes in type of antibiotics prescribed were the increase of isoxazolylpenicillins (p<0.001) used for skin infection and the decrease of macrolides (p=0.001). A diagnostic test was used in more than half of the consultations. Of children allocated a RTI diagnosis, 36% were prescribed antibiotics when a C-reactive protein test was performed compared to 58% in those not tested. Further studies are needed in general practice to determine the optimal use of near-patient tests in children with RTI.
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| 6. |
- Björn, Lars Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Dinoflagellater : Hopplock från livets smörgåsbord
- 2005
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Ingår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. - 0039-646X. ; 99:1, s. 7-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dinoflagellates constitute a group within the protistan supergroup Alveolata, and can be referred neither to the plant nor the animal kingdom. They swim about using two flagella and are able to orient using various stimuli. About half the living dinoflagellate species are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis, but most of them complement this with capture of prey. Some live ebtirely by capturing small organisms, others are parasites. Some species are able to emit light. The group has a long evolutionary history, and almost as many extinct species as extant ones have been described. Most remarkable is the way the photosynthetically potent dinoflagellates have aquiered their chloroplasts by endosymbiosis with photosynthetic organisms from many different groups. In some cases repeated endosymbiontic events have taken place.
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| 7. |
- Douglas, S Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and validity evaluation of the psychopathy checklist: Screening version (PCL : SV) in Swedish correctional and forensic psychiatric samples
- 2005
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Ingår i: Assessment. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-3489 .- 1073-1911. ; 12:2, s. 145-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated the structural reliability, construct-related validity, and cultural validity generalization of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV) in a sample of more than 560 male and female Swedish forensic psychiatric treatment patients, forensic evaluation patients, and criminal offenders. Structural reliability was excellent for most indices. PCL:SV scores were higher for males than females for total and Part 1 scores (interpersonal/affective features) but not for Part 2 (behavioral features). With some exceptions, PCL:SV scores were meaningfully related to aggression to others, a measure of risk for violence, substance use problems, personality disorder (positive), and psychosis (negative). Correlations between PCL:SV and aggression were larger for females than males, although the difference was smaller when personality disorder was held constant. The structural reliability and pattern of validity coefficients were comparable in these Swedish samples to other non-North American samples. Implications for the cross-cultural manifestation and correlates of psychopathy are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Ekvall, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Improved web break strategy using a new approach for steam pressure control in paper machines
- 2008
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Ingår i: Control Engineering Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-0661 .- 1873-6939. ; 16:10, s. 1151-1160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a new strategy for steam pressure control during web breaks in the paper machine. The aim was to restart paper production with the same drying properties of the cylinder as before the break. A detailed physical dynamic model of the drying cylinder has been developed. The accuracy of the model has been verified through experiments made at the M-real paper mill in Husum, Sweden. Verifications are made both during normal operation and during web breaks. The dynamic model has been reduced in order to derive simple transfer functions which were used to find the optimal steam pressure trajectory during web breaks. The resulting strategy has been tested on a paper machine with good results and it has been well received at the mill. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Engqvist, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between single latex particles and silica surfaces studied with AFM
- 2007
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7757 .- 1873-4359. ; 302:03-jan, s. 197-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spreading of single styrene-acrylic latex particles on silicon oxide C surfaces was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Three latexes with different glass transition temperature (Tg) were used and the effects of temperature, time and preparation method were investigated. Particle sizes and shape were measured with AFM and the contact angles were calculated. The observed rate for the spreading of latex particles was low and it took several days before the particles reached steady state, even at temperatures well above their T-g. The experimental particle spreading results deviated with two orders of magnitude from predictions Using the WLF equation for polymer diffusion. The deviation could be attributed to polymer-surface interactions that slowed down the particle spreading. The work of adhesion was calculated using two models. The results from using the regular Young-Dupre equation and a modified version of this equation that also included the mechanical properties (E-modulus and Poisson's ratio) of the latexes, were compared. For soft latex particles the results from the two models agreed well and were of the order of 75 J/m(2), but for glassy latexes the Young-Dupre equation underestimated the work of adhesion.
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| 10. |
- Hedenström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Sex pheromone of the pine sawfly, Gilpinia pallida: Chemical identification, synthesis, and biological activity
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 32:11, s. 2525-2541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the identification of the sex pheromone in the pine sawfly, Gilpinia pallida, including analysis of the female pheromone content, male antennal response and attraction in the field, and synthesis of the most active pheromone component. Several 3,7-dimethyl-2-alkanols were identified from female whole-body extracts, including some compounds with a 2R configuration. This is the first observation of such compounds in a pine sawfly species. Antennae of male G. pallida responded strongly in electroantennograph (EAG) recordings to the (2S,3R,7R)-isomers of the propionates of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, 3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol, and 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol, as well as to the acetates of the tri- and pentadecanols (the acetate of the tetradecanol was not tested). The propionate of (2S,3R,7R)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol caught more males in the field than the corresponding isomer of tri- or pentadecanol. We suggest that the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol is likely the main sex pheromone precursor in G. pallida, with a subsidiary role for the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer of the tridecanol. Preparation of highly pure (2R,3R,7R)- and (2S,3R,7R)-stereoisomers of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol, including the biological active esters, was performed via chemoenzymatic methods and is described in detail.
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