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Sökning: LAR1:hh > Högskolan i Halmstad

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21.
  • Abalo, Ernesto, et al. (författare)
  • Emerging Patterns of Inclusion and Exclusion in the Era of E-government : A Study of Users of ‘Swedish Public Employment Service’ on the Internet
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Media and Global Divides. - Stockholm : Organizing Committee for the IAMCR Congress 2008. - 918835430X ; , s. 44-45
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the area of governmental information for and services to citizens digitalization has certainly become a buzzword. Framed within the discourses on e-government or e-governance – or differ­ent mixtures of the two – various analyses have tried to point out, or even anticipate possible consequences of the appropriation of digital technologies, mainly the internet, in governmental services.On the one hand, these analyses have pointed out a great deal of opportunities connected to the incorporation of the internet into governmental information and services. Policy makers have been quick to point to the increased accessibility as a great opportunity for the citizens; in Sweden this vision of accessibility has even been referred to as ‘24:7-governmental agencies’. Academics, among others, have also suggested that the digitalization of information and services opens up new possibilities for citizen control of governments.On the other hand, a number of problems have also been identified. For instance, the digitalization of public registers holding personal information has been interpreted as a threat to the citizens’ integrity: Will digitalization bring a new surveillance society? The most frequently debated prob­lem, however, at least within research, has been the fear of digital divides. Will the internet create digital cleavages between different groups of citizens?So far, however, neither the hopeful nor the dystopian analyses have made enough efforts to critically evaluate their claims. Such evaluations can start from different points of departure, and in this paper the starting point is the citizens as users of governmental information and services through the internet: What patterns of inclusion and exclusion emerge as a governmental agency digitalizes its information and services by making them increasingly internet based?The paper presents statistical data from a survey of 762 unemployed citizens using the Swedish Public Employment Service, a governmental agency that has come to rely specifically heavy on internet based information and service. The initial analysis of data reveals interesting differences between social groups in terms of both perception and use of the internet – in general – and the resources offered by SPES in particular. For instance, the users’ various degrees of education is a strong, determining factor when it comes to use of internet SPES’ services.The paper starts from a conceptual elaboration of various notions of e-government and e-gov­ernance. Thereafter, the survey data is described and elaborated on before moving into a discus­sion of the wider significance of the findings: What does data suggest in terms of patterns of in­clusion in and exclusion from a society in which governmental agencies, to an increasing extent, use the internet for their information and services?
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22.
  • Abbas, Taimoor, et al. (författare)
  • A Measurement Based Shadow Fading Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Network Simulations
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-5869 .- 1687-5877.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) propagation channel has significant implications on the design and performance of novel communication protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Extensive research efforts have been made to develop V2V channel models to be implemented in advanced VANET system simulators for performance evaluation. The impact of shadowing caused by other vehicles has, however, largely been neglected in most of the models, as well as in the system simulations. In this paper we present a shadow fading model targeting system simulations based on real measurements performed in urban and highway scenarios. The measurement data is separated into three categories, line-of-sight (LOS), obstructed line-of-sight (OLOS) by vehicles, and non-line-of-sight due to buildings, with the help of video information recorded during the measurements. It is observed that vehicles obstructing the LOS induce an additional average attenuation of about 10 dB in the received signal power. An approach to incorporate the LOS/OLOS model into existing VANET simulators is also provided. Finally, system level VANET simulation results are presented, showing the difference between the LOS/OLOS model and a channel model based on Nakagami-m fading.
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23.
  • Abdeljaber, Osama, et al. (författare)
  • Analysis of the Trajectories of Left-turning Vehicles at Signalized Intersections
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 1288-1295, s. 1288-1295
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Internationally, an annual number of more than a million fatalities are caused by road traffic crashes, with particularly signalized intersections being crash prone locations within the highway system. An accumulation of conflicts between drivers is caused by the different movements (through and turning) from different directions at the intersection; hence, studying the trajectories of turning vehicles is an important step towards improving traffic safety performance of these facilities. In view of that, the current paper aims at providing further insight into the behaviour of left-turning vehicles (right-hand traffic rule) at signalized intersections in the State of Qatar. At first, a total of 44 trajectories of free-flowing vehicles were manually extracted from a recorded video for a single approach of Lekhwair signalized intersection in Doha City, State of Qatar. After that, the extracted trajectories were statistically analysed in an attempt to explore the factors affecting the path of left-turning vehicles at signalized intersections. The results suggest that the characteristics of the extracted paths are significantly related to the vehicle’s entry speed, minimum speed throughout its turning manoeuvre, and the lateral distance between the exit point and the curb (i.e., targeted exit lane). Provided that the speed parameters can be fairly an indication to the driving behaviour, it can be concluded that the driver’s attitude plays an important role in drawing the manoeuvre of a turning vehicle as does the pre-selection of the exit lane. Finally, the effort presented in this paper can be regarded as a way forward towards understanding the behaviour of turning vehicles at signalised intersection in the State of Qatar.
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24.
  • Abdeljaber, Osama, et al. (författare)
  • Dynamic Testing of a Laboratory Stadium Structure
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Congress 2016. - Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 9780784479742 ; , s. 1719-1728
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Studies with large physical models are a vital link between the theoretical work and field applications provided that these models are designed to represent real structures where various types and levels of uncertainties can be incorporated. While comprehensive analytical and laboratory joint studies are ongoing at Qatar University, University of Central Florida and University of Alberta, this paper presents the initial findings of dynamic testing at Qatar University. A laboratory stadium structure (grandstand simulator) has been constructed at Qatar University. Capable of housing thirty spectators, Qatar University grandstand simulator is arguably the largest laboratory stadium in the world. The structure is designed in a way that several different structural configurations can be tested in laboratory conditions to enable researchers to test newly developed damage detection algorithms. The study presented in this paper covers the finite element modeling and modal testing of the test structure.
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25.
  • Abdeljaber, Osama, et al. (författare)
  • Extraction of Vehicle Turning Trajectories at Signalized Intersections Using Convolutional Neural Networks
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. - Heidelberg : Springer. - 2193-567X .- 2191-4281 .- 1319-8025. ; 45, s. 8011-8025
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper aims at developing a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based tool that can automatically detect the left-turning vehicles (right-hand traffic rule) at signalized intersections and extract their trajectories from a recorded video. The proposed tool uses a region-based CNN trained over a limited number of video frames to detect moving vehicles. Kalman filters are then used to track the detected vehicles and extract their trajectories. The proposed tool achieved an acceptable accuracy level when verified against the manually extracted trajectories, with an average error of 16.5 cm. Furthermore, the trajectories extracted using the proposed vehicle tracking method were used to demonstrate the applicability of the minimum-jerk principle to reproduce variations in the vehicles’ paths. The effort presented in this paper can be regarded as a way forward toward maximizing the potential use of deep learning in traffic safety applications.
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26.
  • Abella, Jaume, et al. (författare)
  • SAFEXPLAIN : Safe and Explainable Critical Embedded Systems Based on AI
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: DATE 23: Design, Automation And Test In Europe. - 9783981926378 ; , s. 1-6
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Deep Learning (DL) techniques are at the heart of most future advanced software functions in Critical Autonomous AI-based Systems (CAIS), where they also represent a major competitive factor. Hence, the economic success of CAIS industries (e.g., automotive, space, railway) depends on their ability to design, implement, qualify, and certify DL-based software products under bounded effort/cost. However, there is a fundamental gap between Functional Safety (FUSA) requirements on CAIS and the nature of DL solutions. This gap stems from the development process of DL libraries and affects high-level safety concepts such as (1) explainability and traceability, (2) suitability for varying safety requirements, (3) FUSA-compliant implementations, and (4) real-time constraints. As a matter of fact, the data-dependent and stochastic nature of DL algorithms clashes with current FUSA practice, which instead builds on deterministic, verifiable, and pass/fail test-based software. The SAFEXPLAIN project tackles these challenges and targets by providing a flexible approach to allow the certification - hence adoption - of DL-based solutions in CAIS building on: (1) DL solutions that provide end-to-end traceability, with specific approaches to explain whether predictions can be trusted and strategies to reach (and prove) correct operation, in accordance to certification standards; (2) alternative and increasingly sophisticated design safety patterns for DL with varying criticality and fault tolerance requirements; (3) DL library implementations that adhere to safety requirements; and (4) computing platform configurations, to regain determinism, and probabilistic timing analyses, to handle the remaining non-determinism. © 2023 EDAA.
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27.
  • Abiri, Najmeh, et al. (författare)
  • Establishing strong imputation performance of a denoising autoencoder in a wide range of missing data problems
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Neurocomputing. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0925-2312 .- 1872-8286. ; 365, s. 137-146
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Dealing with missing data in data analysis is inevitable. Although powerful imputation methods that address this problem exist, there is still much room for improvement. In this study, we examined single imputation based on deep autoencoders, motivated by the apparent success of deep learning to efficiently extract useful dataset features. We have developed a consistent framework for both training and imputation. Moreover, we benchmarked the results against state-of-the-art imputation methods on different data sizes and characteristics. The work was not limited to the one-type variable dataset; we also imputed missing data with multi-type variables, e.g., a combination of binary, categorical, and continuous attributes. To evaluate the imputation methods, we randomly corrupted the complete data, with varying degrees of corruption, and then compared the imputed and original values. In all experiments, the developed autoencoder obtained the smallest error for all ranges of initial data corruption.
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28.
  • Abiri, Najmeh, et al. (författare)
  • Variational auto-encoders with Student’s t-prior
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: ESANN 2019 - Proceedings : The 27th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning - The 27th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning. - Bruges : ESANN. - 9782875870650
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We propose a new structure for the variational auto-encoders (VAEs) prior, with the weakly informative multivariate Student’s t-distribution. In the proposed model all distribution parameters are trained, thereby allowing for a more robust approximation of the underlying data distribution. We used Fashion-MNIST data in two experiments to compare the proposed VAEs with the standard Gaussian priors. Both experiments showed a better reconstruction of the images with VAEs using Student’s t-prior distribution.
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29.
  • Aboelwafa, Mariam M. N., et al. (författare)
  • A Machine-Learning-Based Technique for False Data Injection Attacks Detection in Industrial IoT
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: IEEE Internet of Things Journal. - Piscataway : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2327-4662. ; 7:9, s. 8462-8471
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The accelerated move toward the adoption of the Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) paradigm has resulted in numerous shortcomings as far as security is concerned. One of the IIoT affecting critical security threats is what is termed as the false data injection (FDI) attack. The FDI attacks aim to mislead the industrial platforms by falsifying their sensor measurements. FDI attacks have successfully overcome the classical threat detection approaches. In this article, we present a novel method of FDI attack detection using autoencoders (AEs). We exploit the sensor data correlation in time and space, which in turn can help identify the falsified data. Moreover, the falsified data are cleaned using the denoising AEs (DAEs). Performance evaluation proves the success of our technique in detecting FDI attacks. It also significantly outperforms a support vector machine (SVM)-based approach used for the same purpose. The DAE data cleaning algorithm is also shown to be very effective in recovering clean data from corrupted (attacked) data. © 2014 IEEE.
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30.
  • Abrahamsson, Cristian, et al. (författare)
  • Content, interest and the role of engagement : experienced science teachers discuss
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Physics Education. - Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0031-9120 .- 1361-6552. ; 58:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • How do science teachers perceive student engagement and its importance for teaching and what strategies do they use to create it? When 21 experienced science teachers in 4 focus groups discussed these questions, they brought up behavioural aspects, but also less visible emotional and cognitive aspects, as well as reciprocal aspects of teacher and student engagement. One teacher described engagement as 'the oil in the machinery' during lessons. Which role does the curricular content play? Well aware that some topics are seen as more directly interesting by students, teachers connect to these, but also use hooks, including lively demonstrations, role play and connections to the outside world. In this way, they aim to generate situational interest and engagement also in topics that are often viewed as less interesting, including atoms and molecules. These experienced teachers describe how they adapt their teaching to the group also in real time, based on the degree of engagement exhibited by the students. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
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