| 11. |
- Kieffer, René
(författare)
-
Uppenbarelseboken
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Nationalencyklopedin.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Laroche, Fabien
(författare)
-
Intraspecific genetic variation and species coexistence in plant communities
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Biology Letters. - : The Royal Society. - 1744-9561 .- 1744-957X. ; 12
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies report that intraspecific genetic variation in plants can affect community composition and coexistence. However, less is known about which traits are responsible and the mechanisms by which variation in these traits affect the associated community. Focusing on plant-plant interactions, we review empirical studies exemplifying how intraspecific genetic variation in functional traits impacts plant coexistence. Intraspecific variation in chemical and architectural traits promotes species coexistence, by both increasing habitat heterogeneity and altering competitive hierarchies. Decomposing species interactions into interactions between genotypes shows that genotype x genotype interactions are often intransitive. The outcome of plant-plant interactions varies with local adaptation to the environment and with dominant neighbour genotypes, and some plants can recognize the genetic identity of neighbour plants if they have a common history of coexistence. Taken together, this reveals a very dynamic nature of coexistence. We outline how more traits mediating plant-plant interactions may be identified, and how future studies could use population genetic surveys of genotype distribution in nature and methods from trait-based ecology to better quantify the impact of intraspecific genetic variation on plant coexistence.
|
|
| 14. |
- Lécuyer, Lucie, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between dietary inflammatory scores and biomarkers of inflammation in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 42:7, s. 1115-1125
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Since the first version of the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) developed in the past decade, several other versions have been developed. However, to date no study has attempted to compare these versions with respect to their associations with biomarkers of inflammation.Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between four dietary inflammatory scores [DII, two energy-adjusted derivatives (E-DII and E-DIIr), and the Inflammatory Score of the Diet (ISD)], and circulating levels of several inflammatory markers and adipokines.Methods: This study included 17 637 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort with at least one marker of inflammation measured in blood. Associations between the four scores and C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)6, IL10, IL1RA, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR1), sTNFR2, leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sLeptin R), adiponectin, and High Molecular Weight (HMW) adiponectin were evaluated using multivariable linear regressions adjusted for potential confounders.Results: Positive associations were observed between the four dietary inflammatory scores and levels of CRP, IL6, sTNFR1, sTNFR2 and leptin. However, only the DII and the ISD were positively associated with IL1RA levels and only the DII and the E-DIIr were positively associated with TNFα levels. The proportion of variance of each biomarker explained by the scores was lower than 2%, which was equivalent to the variance explained by smoking status but much lower than that explained by body mass index.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the four dietary inflammatory scores were associated with some biomarkers of inflammation and could be used to assess the inflammatory potential of diet in European adults but are not sufficient to capture the inflammatory status of an individual. These findings can help to better understand the inflammatory potential of diet, but they need to be replicated in studies with repeated dietary measurements.
|
|
| 15. |
- Sjölén, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
-
Structure and mechanical properties of arc evaporated Ti–Al–O–N thin films
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 201:14, s. 6392-6403
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure, mechanical properties, and machining performance of arc evaporated Ti–Al–O–N coatings have been investigated for an Al0.66Ti0.34 target composition and O2/(O2+N2) gas flow-ratio varied between 0 to 24%. The coating structure was analysed using SEM, EDX, XRD, XPS, TEM, and STEM. Mechanical properties were analysed using nanoindentation and the deformation behaviour was analysed by probing the nanoindentation craters. The coatings performances in cutting tests were evaluated in a turning application in low carbon steel (DIN Ck45). It is shown that the addition of oxygen into the arc deposition process leads to the formation of a dual layer structure. It consists of an initial cubic NaCl-structure solid solution phase formed closest to the substrate, containing up to 35 at.% oxygen (O/O+N), followed by steady-state growth of a nanocomposite compound layer comprised of Al2O3, AlN, TiN, and Ti(O,N). The addition of oxygen increases the ductility of the coatings, which improves the performances in cutting tests. At high levels of oxygen, (>13 at.%), however, the performance is dramaticallyreduced as a result of increased crater wear.
|
|
| 16. |
- Sochor, Jana, 1973
(författare)
-
Enhancing Mobility and Perceived Safety via ICT: The Case of a Navigation System for Visually Impaired Persons
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Safety and Security Transit Environments: An interdisciplinary Approach. - 9781137457646
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study empirically investigates the case of visually impaired persons and the possible effects of a tailored pedestrian navigation system on their mobility. Interview results with Swedish respondents indicate that with information provision about the built environment and public transportation, positive potential effects include: a greater degree of perceived safety; an increased ability to travel alone and in unplanned or unfamiliar situations; and prioritizing public transportation over special transportation services. As such, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) may serve an integrity-enhancing function by improving the possibility of leading an independent and autonomous life. While generally optimistic about the possibilities mobility-enhancing ICT presents, the respondents also emphasize that ICT, even when universally accessible, is not the final missing piece of the mobility puzzle. As such, this study serves to remind us that a coordinated effort on multiple fronts is vital in addressing users’ needs and meeting broader social goals such as social inclusion and the accessibility of transportation, technology, and information.
|
|
| 17. |
- Sochor, Jana, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Future Needs and Visions for Mobility as a Service: Insights from European Workshops
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 23rd World Congress on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Melbourne, October 10-14, 2016.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to present and discuss results from the first in a series of four workshops held in three European countries – Austria, Finland, and Sweden – the purpose of which is to provide input for the development of a European roadmap for Mobility as a Service (MaaS) within the project Mobility as a Service for Linking Europe (MaaSiFiE). The first workshop focused on the need for change in the current mobility paradigm, during which experts discussed needs and visions for future mobility services. Although a range of factors, including enablers and obstacles, for developing MaaS in and across Europe were identified in the three national workshops, some common key issues emerged, including: the need for leadership and a clearer division of the new roles and responsibilities; a user-centered, holistic “life” approach to mobility and traveler’s needs that is also founded on quality assurance, transparency, commonalities, and standards; a sustainability focus addressing both short- and long-term local and national goals of equity, accessibility, and environmental and consumer protection; and a (eco)system approach in which rules, regulations, policies, actions, and mindsets of both individuals and organizations need to innovate so as to better support the development and implementation of MaaS.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Springman, Sarah M, et al.
(författare)
-
Ground improvement for embankments on soft ground
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Institution of Civil Engineers. Proceedings. Ground Improvement. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 1755-0750. ; 167:3, s. 149-161
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Constructing embankments on soft ground to adhere to the requirements of modern codes of practice is challenging without ground improvement. An overview is presented on the types of columnar inclusions and embankment base reinforcement in terms of load–settlement behaviour, together with calculation procedures using partial safety factors. These are based on the Swiss Code 267, Switzerland's national annex to Eurocode 7; they are relevant in the project phase and in understanding the general behaviour of the whole system. Three-dimensional inclusions have been incorporated in a two-dimensional slip circle analysis. Simple assumptions are validated against a physical model for the serviceability limit state, with good agreement. First design approximations may therefore be calculated in this way.
|
|
