| 11. |
- Aichmayer, Lukas, et al.
(författare)
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Micro Gas-Turbine Design for Small-Scale Hybrid Solar Power Plants
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2013. San Antonio, USA. June 3-7. - : ASME. - 9780791855188
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hybrid solar micro gas-turbines are a promising technology for supplying controllable low-carbon electricity in off-grid regions. A thermoeconomic model of three different hybrid micro gas-turbine power plant layouts has been developed, allowing their environmental and economic performance to be analyzed. In terms of receiver design, it was shown that the pressure drop is a key criterion. However, for recuperated layouts the combined pressure drop of the recuperator and receiver is more important. The internally-fired recuperated micro gas-turbine was shown to be the most promising solution of the three configurations evaluated, in terms of both electricity costs and carbon emissions. Compared to competing diesel generators, the electricity costs from hybrid solar units are between 10% and 43% lower, while specific CO2 emissions are reduced by 20 – 35%.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Allégret-Bourdon, Davy, et al.
(författare)
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Study of shock movement and unsteady pressure on 2D generic model
- 2006
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Ingår i: Unsteady Aerodynamics, Aeroacoustics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines. - Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 1402042671 ; , s. 409-421
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A flexible generic model has been developed at the Chair of Heat and Power Technology in order to perform fatter experiments in a more fundamental fashion. It is made of engineered flexible material and oscillate in a controlled way at non-uniform amplitude and variable frequencies. Time-resolved measurements of the unsteady surface pressures, the instantaneous model geometry as well as unsteady Schlieren visualizations are performed in order to study the shock wave motion and the aerodynamic load acting over this flexible generic bump. The model oscillates at reduced frequencies from 0.015 to 0.294 at transonic flow condition. The mode shapes of such a flexible bump strongly depends on the excitation frequency of the generic model. Schlieren pictures are obtained for an operating point characterized by an inlet Mach number of 0.63. Moreover, the presented results demonstrate that the phase of shock wave movement towards bump local motion shows a decreasing trend for the third bending mode shapes at reduced frequency higher than k=0.074. At the pressure taps located after the shock wave formation, the phase of pressure fluctuations towards bump local motion presents the same decreasing trend.
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| 14. |
- Andrinopoulos, Nikos, et al.
(författare)
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Design And Testing Of A Vibrating Test Object For Investigating Fluid-Structure Interaction
- 2008
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 5, PT A. - NEW YORK : AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. - 9780791843154 ; , s. 415-424
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study the vibration properties of a deforming test object are presented. The test object is bump shaped and is integrated into the wall of a transonic wind tunnel. The purpose for using such a test object is to study, in a generic manner, the unsteady aerodynamic phenomena occurring due to the presence of a vibrating structure in the flow. The setup is part of an ongoing study to address the phenomena of fluid-structure interaction and shock-boundary layer interaction. The design objective for the test object is to assimilate a IF vibration mode at a given section of atypical compressor blade. Finite element (FE) analyses have been used to predict the frequency response of the test object prior to manufacturing. The design objectives have been verified experimentally by time-resolved laser measurements. It has been found that the FE predictions are in good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore it has been shown that the present test object allows for the achievement of the targeted vibration properties up to a frequency of 250Hz, corresponding to a reduced frequency above 0.8.
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| 15. |
- Araoz, Joseph Adhemar, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Non-ideal Stirling engine thermodynamic model suitable for the integration into overall energy systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 1359-4311 .- 1873-5606. ; 73:1, s. 203-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reliability of modelling and simulation of energy systems strongly depends on the prediction accuracy of each system component. This is the case of Stirling engine-based systems, where an accurate modelling of the engine performance is very important to understand the overall system behaviour. In this sense, many Stirling engine analyses with different approaches have been already developed. However, there is a lack of Stirling engine models suitable for the integration into overall system simulations. In this context, this paper aims to develop a rigorous Stirling engine model that could be easily integrated into combined heat and power schemes for the overall techno-economic analysis of these systems. The model developed considers a Stirling engine with adiabatic working spaces, isothermal heat exchangers, dead volumes, and imperfect regeneration. Additionally, it considers mechanical pumping losses due to friction, limited heat transfer and thermal losses on the heat exchangers. The predicted efficiency and power output were compared with the numerical model and the experimental work reported by the NASA Lewis Research Centre for the GPU-3 Stirling engine. This showed average absolute errors around ±4% for the brake power, and ±5% for the brake efficiency at different frequencies. However, the model also showed large errors (±15%) for these calculations at higher frequencies and low pressures. Additional results include the calculation of the cyclic expansion and compression work; the pressure drop and heat flow through the heat exchangers; the conductive, shuttle effect and regenerator thermal losses; the temperature and mass flow distribution along the system; and the power output and efficiency of the engine.
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| 16. |
- Araoz Ramos, Joseph Adhemar, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Development and validation of a thermodynamic model for the performance analysis of a gamma Stirling engine prototype
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-4311 .- 1873-5606. ; 83, s. 16-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents the development and validation of a numerical model that represents the performance of a gamma Stirling engine prototype. The model follows a modular approach considering ideal adiabatic working spaces; limited internal and external heat transfer through the heat exchangers; and mechanical and thermal losses during the cycle. In addition, it includes the calculation of the mechanical efficiency taking into account the crank mechanism effectiveness and the forced work during the cycle. Consequently, the model aims to predict the work that can be effectively taken from the shaft. The model was compared with experimental data obtained in an experimental rig built for the engine prototype. The results showed an acceptable degree of accuracy when comparing with the experimental data, with errors ranging from +/- 1% to +/- 8% for the temperature in the heater side, less than +/- 1% error for the cooler temperatures, and +/- 1 to +/- 8% for the brake power calculations. Therefore, the model was probed adequate for study of the prototype performance. In addition, the results of the simulation reflected the limited performance obtained during the prototype experiments, and a first analysis of the results attributed this to the forced work during the cycle. The implemented model is the basis for a subsequent parametric analysis that will complement the results presented.
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| 17. |
- Araoz Ramos, Joseph Adhemar, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of Stirling engines into residential boilers for combined heat and power services: Thermodynamic modelling and analysis
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of simulation techniques for the study of Combined Heat and Power systems based on Stirling Engines (CHP-SE) has been focused on dynamic simulations that guide the sizing of the system components. These are valuable tools for the performance evaluation of determined designs. However, there is a need to complement these studies with additional analysis that could permit to assess the design improvement and the integration of the system components. For this reason, the present work developed a model that coupled the design equations of each component with the equations that describe the thermal interactions presented in the overall system.This integration allowed to obtain a deeper insight into the thermodynamic characteristics of the overall system, and thus was used for the study of a micro CHP-SE experimental rig. The results for this case study allowed to quantify the main energy outputs, the energy losses, and the influence of different parameters on the system. The overall efficiency under the original conditions presented values ranging from 60%-64% with very low exergy efficiencies ranging from 5%-7%. The simulation analysis permitted to identify design and operational parameters that would increase the overall efficiency to values closer to 80% and the exergy to values closer to 14%. These increments would correspond to the reduction of the energy losses, improvements on the conditions for the biomass combustion, and the use of engines with higher electrical outputs.
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| 18. |
- Araoz Ramos, Joseph A., et al.
(författare)
-
Numerical simulation for the design analysis of kinematic Stirling engines
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 159, s. 633-650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Stirling engine is a closed-cycle regenerative system that presents good theoretical properties. These include a high thermodynamic efficiency, low emissions levels thanks to a controlled external heat source, and multi-fuel capability among others. However, the performance of actual prototypes largely differs from the mentioned theoretical potential. Actual engine prototypes present low electrical power outputs and high energy losses. These are mainly attributed to the complex interaction between the different components of the engine, and the challenging heat transfer and fluid dynamics requirements. Furthermore, the integration of the engine into decentralized energy systems such as the Combined Heat and Power systems (CHP) entails additional complications. These has increased the need for engineering tools that could assess design improvements, considering a broader range of parameters that would influence the engine performance when integrated within overall systems. Following this trend, the current work aimed to implement an analysis that could integrate the thermodynamics, and the thermal and mechanical interactions that influence the performance of kinematic Stirling engines. In particular for their use in Combined Heat and Power systems. The mentioned analysis was applied for the study of an engine prototype that presented very low experimental performance. The numerical methodology was selected for the identification of possible causes that limited the performance. This analysis is based on a second order Stirling engine model that was previously developed and validated. The simulation allowed to evaluate the effect that different design and operational parameters have on the engine performance, and consequently different performance curves were obtained. These curves allowed to identify ranges for the charged pressure, temperature ratio, heat exchangers dimensions, crank phase angle and crank mechanical effectiveness, where the engine performance was improved. In addition, the curves also permitted to recognise ranges were the design parameters could drastically reduce the brake power and efficiency. The results also showed that the design of the engine is affected by the conditions imposed by the CHP interactions, and that the engine could reach a brake power closer to 832 W with a corresponding brake efficiency of 26% when the adequate design parameters were considered. On the other hand, the performance could also be very low; as the reported in experimental tests, with brake power measurements ranging 52-120W.
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| 19. |
- Araoz Ramos, Joseph Adhemar, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Numerical simulation for the performance analysis of a gamma Stirling engine prototype
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Computer assisted modelling and simulation of energy systems asses the performance and suggest improvements to achieve energy efficient solutions. This is the case of the Stirling engine technology, where computer simulations combined with experimental work have helped to the development of different prototypes. Following this trend, the current work aims to study possible improvements towards the design of a gamma Stirling engine prototype through numerical simulations. The prototype was first experimentally studied and presented low performances. For this reason and considering a lack of reports for this prototype, the numerical simulation was the approach to identify the possible problems that limited the performance. In this regard, this paper presents the development and validation of a numerical model that represent the performance of the Stirling prototype. The model follows a modular approach considering ideal adiabatic working spaces; limited internal and external heat transfer through the heat exchangers; and mechanical and thermal losses during the cycle. In addition, it includes the calculation of the mechanical efficiency taking into account the crank mechanism effectiveness and the forced work during the cycle. Consequently, the model aims to predict the work that can be effectively taken from the shaft. The model was compared with experimental data obtained in an experimental rig built for the engine prototype. The results showed an acceptable degree of accuracy when comparing with the experimental data, with errors ranging from 1%-8% for the temperature in the heater side, less than 1% error for the cooler temperatures, and 1-8% for the brake power calculations. Therefore, the model was probed adequate for study the prototype performance. In addition, the results of the simulation reflected the limited performance obtained during the prototype experiments, and a first analysis of the results attributed this to the forced work during the cycle. The implemented model is the basis for a subsequent parametric analysis that will complement the results presented.
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| 20. |
- Araoz Ramos, Joseph Adhemar, 1982-
(författare)
-
Thermodynamic analysis of Stirling engine systems : Applications for combined heat and power
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Increasing energy demands and environmental problems require innovative systems for electrical and thermal energy production. In this scenario, the development of small scale energy systems has become an interesting alternative to the conventional large scale centralized plants. Among these alternatives, small scale combined heat and power (CHP) plants based on Stirling Engines (SE) have attracted the interest among research and industry due to the potential advantages that offers. These include low maintenance, low noise during operation, a theoretically high electrical efficiency, and principally the fuel flexibility that the system offers. However, actual engine performances present very low electrical efficiencies and consequently few successful prototypes reached commercial maturity at elevated costs.Considering this situation, this thesis presents a numerical thermodynamic study for micro scale CHP-SE systems. The study is divided in two parts: The first part covers the engine analysis; and the second part studies the thermodynamic performance of the overall CHP-SE system. For the engine analysis a detailed thermodynamic model suitable for the simulation of different engine configurations was developed. The model capability to predict the engine performance was validated with experimental data obtained from two different engines: The GPU-3 Stirling engine studied by Lewis Research Centre; and the Genoa engine studied on the experimental rig built at the Energy Department at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). The second part of the research complemented the study with the analysis of the overall CHP-SE system. This included numerical simulations of the different CHP components and the sensitivity analysis for selected design parameters.The complete study permitted to assess the different operational and design configurations for the engine and the CHP components. These improvements could be implemented for test field evaluations and thus foster the development of more efficient SE-CHP systems. In addition, the detailed thermodynamic-design methodology for the SE-CHP systems was established and the numerical tool for the design assessment was developed.
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