| 26131. |
- Chandyo, Ram K., et al.
(författare)
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Nutritional Intake and Status of Cobalamin and Folate among Non-Pregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Bhaktapur, Nepal
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 8:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cobalamin and folate are especially important for women of childbearing age due to their ubiquitous role in fetal growth and development. Population-based data on cobalamin and folate status are lacking from Nepal, where diets are mostly vegetarian. The objectives of the study were to investigate cobalamin and folate intake and status, and to explore associations with socio-demographics, anthropometrics, anemia, and dietary habits. Following a random selection of geographical clusters, we collected blood samples from 500 non-pregnant women and 24-h dietary recalls and food frequency questionnaires from a subsample of 379 women. Twenty percent of the women did not consume any food containing cobalamin during the days recalled, and in 72% nutritional cobalamin intake was <1 mu g/day. Eighty-four percent of the women had cobalamin intake lower than the estimated average requirement (EAR) (< 2 mu g/day). In contrast, only 12% of the women had a folate intake less than 100 mu g per day, whereas 62% had intake between 100 and 320 mu g. Low plasma cobalamin (< 150 pmol/L) was found in 42% of the women, most of whom (88%) also had elevated levels of methylmalonic acid. Our results indicated a high prevalence of nutritional cobalamin deficiency, while folate deficiency was uncommon.
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| 26132. |
- Chang, Chuchun L., et al.
(författare)
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Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency Impairs Bone Marrow Myelopoiesis and Reduces Circulating Monocyte Levels
- 2018
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1079-5642 .- 1524-4636. ; 38:3, s. 509-519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Tissue macrophages induce and perpetuate proinflammatory responses, thereby promoting metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Lipoprotein lipase (LpL), the rate-limiting enzyme in blood triglyceride catabolism, is expressed by macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. We questioned whether LpL, which is also expressed in the bone marrow (BM), affects circulating white blood cells and BM proliferation and modulates macrophage retention within the artery.Approach and Results: We characterized blood and tissue leukocytes and inflammatory molecules in transgenic LpL knockout mice rescued from lethal hypertriglyceridemia within 18 hours of life by muscle-specific LpL expression (MCKL0 mice). LpL-deficient mice had ≈40% reduction in blood white blood cell, neutrophils, and total and inflammatory monocytes (Ly6C/Ghi). LpL deficiency also significantly decreased expression of BM macrophage-associated markers (F4/80 and TNF-α [tumor necrosis factor α]), master transcription factors (PU.1 and C/EBPα), and colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and their receptors, which are required for monocyte and monocyte precursor proliferation and differentiation. As a result, differentiation of macrophages from BM-derived monocyte progenitors and monocytes was decreased in MCKL0 mice. Furthermore, although LpL deficiency was associated with reduced BM uptake and accumulation of triglyceride-rich particles and macrophage CSF–macrophage CSF receptor binding, triglyceride lipolysis products (eg, linoleic acid) stimulated expression of macrophage CSF and macrophage CSF receptor in BM-derived macrophage precursor cells. Arterial macrophage numbers decreased after heparin-mediated LpL cell dissociation and by genetic knockout of arterial LpL. Reconstitution of LpL-expressing BM replenished aortic macrophage density.Conclusions: LpL regulates peripheral leukocyte levels and affects BM monocyte progenitor differentiation and aortic macrophage accumulation.
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| 26133. |
- Chang, Rene Wei-Jung, et al.
(författare)
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Precision Science on Incidence and Progression of Early-Detected Small Breast Invasive Cancers by Mammographic Features
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI. - 2072-6694. ; 12:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to evaluate how the inter-screening interval affected the performance of screening by mammographic appearances. This was a Swedish retrospective screening cohort study with information on screening history and mammography features in two periods (1977-1985 and 1996-2010). The pre-clinical incidence and the mean sojourn time (MST) for small breast cancer allowing for sensitivity by mammographic appearances were estimated. The percentage of interval cancer against background incidence (I/E ratio) was used to assess the performance of mammography screening by different inter-screening intervals. The sensitivity-adjusted MSTs (in years) were heterogeneous with mammographic features, being longer for powdery and crushed stone-like calcifications (4.26, (95% CI, 3.50-5.26)) and stellate masses (3.76, (95% CI, 3.15-4.53)) but shorter for circular masses (2.65, (95% CI, 2.06-3.55)) in 1996-2010. The similar trends, albeit longer MSTs, were also noted in 1977-1985. The I/E ratios for the stellate type were 23% and 32% for biennial and triennial screening, respectively. The corresponding figures were 32% and 43% for the circular type and 21% and 29% for powdery and crushed stone-like calcifications, respectively. Mammography-featured progressions of small invasive breast cancer provides a new insight into personalized quality assurance, surveillance, treatment and therapy of early-detected breast cancer.
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| 26134. |
- Chang, Shuangshuang, et al.
(författare)
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Towards minimum WCRT bound for DAG tasks under prioritized list scheduling algorithms
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. - : IEEE. - 0278-0070 .- 1937-4151. ; 41:11, s. 3874-3885
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many modern real-time parallel applications can be modeled as a directed acyclic graph (DAG) task. Recent studies show that the worst-case response time (WCRT) bound of a DAG task can be significantly reduced when the execution order of the vertices is determined by the priority assigned to each vertex of the DAG. How to obtain the optimal vertex priority assignment, and how far from the best-known WCRT bound of a DAG task to the minimum WCRT bound are still open problems. In this paper, we aim to construct the optimal vertex priority assignment and derive the minimum WCRT bound for the DAG task. We encode the priority assignment problem into an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation. To solve the ILP model efficiently, we do not involve all variables or constraints. Instead, we solve the ILP model iteratively, i.e., we initially solve the ILP model with only a few primary variables and constraints, and then at each iteration, we increment the ILP model with the variables and constraints which are more likely to derive the optimal priority assignment. Experimental work shows that our method is capable of solving the ILP model optimally without involving too many variables or constraints, e.g., for instances with 50 vertices, we find the optimal priority assignment by involving 12.67% variables on average and within several minutes on average.
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| 26135. |
- Chang, Yanhai, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory cytokine of IL-1β is involved in T-2 toxin-triggered chondrocyte injury and metabolism imbalance by the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0161-5890 .- 1872-9142. ; 91, s. 195-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mycotoxin T-2 exerts a causative role in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) suffering chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage matrix homeostasis disruption. Recent research corroborated the aberrant levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1ß in KBD patients and mycotoxin environment. In the present study, we investigated the relevance of IL-1ß in T-2 toxin-evoked chondrocyte cytotoxic injury and aberrant catabolism. High levels of IL-1ß were detected in serum and cartilages from KBD patients and in T-2-stimulated chondrocytes. Moreover, knockdown of IL-1ß antagonized the adverse effects of T-2 on cytotoxic injury by enhancing cell viability and inhibiting apoptosis. However, exogenous supplementation of IL-1β further aggravated cell damage in response to T-2. Additionally, cessation of IL-1β rescued T-2-elicited tilt of matrix homeostasis toward catabolism by elevating the transcription of collagen II and aggrecan, promoting release of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and TIMP1, and suppressing matrix metalloproteinases production including MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13. Conversely, IL-1β stimulation deteriorated T-2-induced disruption of matrix metabolism balance toward catabolism. Mechanistic analysis found the high activation of Wnt/β-catenin in KBD patients and chondrocytes upon T-2. Furthermore, this activation was mitigated after IL-1β inhibition, but further enhanced following IL-1β precondition. Importantly, blocking this pathway by transfection with β-catenin alleviated the adverse roles of IL-1β on cytotoxic injury and metabolism disorders under T-2 conditioning. Together, this study elucidates a new insight into how T-2 deteriorates the pathological progression of KBD by regulating inflammation-related pathways, indicating a promising anti-inflammation strategy for KBD therapy.
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| 26136. |
- Chantreau, Maxime, et al.
(författare)
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Virus-induced gene silencing of cell wall genes in flax (linum usitatissimum)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Virus-induced gene silencing in plants. - New York, NY : Humana Press. - 9781071607503 - 9781071607534 - 9781071607510 ; , s. 65-74
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants have developed defense mechanisms against viruses by using an RNA silencing-based process, which has many common features with the endogenous RNA silencing pathway used for regulating the level of transcripts derived from developmental genes. In the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method, it is possible to take advantage of this mechanism by inserting a plant nucleic fragment within the viral genome to knock down the corresponding gene. This tool has been used in many species as a fast and easy reverse genetics technique in order to gain information on the role of genes with poorly understood functions. Here we describe in detail two Agrobacterium-mediated infection protocols in flax, based on a whole plant vacuum infiltration and a leaf syringe infiltration that systemically impact the transcript levels in the stem.
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| 26137. |
- Chao, Guihua, et al.
(författare)
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Tei index : The earliest detectable cardiac structural and functional abnormality detectable in Hb Bart's foetal edema.
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 134:3, s. e150-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Premature death and still births are common in Hb Bart's foetal edema which carries significant risk to mothers. We aimed to identify early changes in cardiac structure and function in a cohort of HB Bart's foetuses, using Doppler echocardiography. METHODS: We studied 97 HB Bart's foetuses in different gestation groups; I (20-24 weeks),..., V (37-42 weeks) and compared them with age matched controls. We measured right and left atrial diameters as well as right and left ventricular diameters. From the Doppler filling and ejection velocities of the right and left ventricles we measured Tei index in 30 foetuses and compared them with age matched normal controls. RESULTS: The four cardiac chamber dimensions were not significantly different from the respective controls (p=NS for all). The right atrial diameter was enlarged in groups II, III, IV and V (p<0.05 vs normal controls). The right ventricle was significantly dilated in group III, IV and V (p<0.05-0.01) compared with normals. The left atrium and left ventricle were enlarged in groups III and IV, respectively (p<0.05 vs normals). Transmitral and transtricuspid E/A ratio was significantly less than normal in groups III (p<0.01), IV (p<0.05) and IV (p<0.05). LV and RV fractional shortening and stroke distance of group IV and V were significantly less than the respective normals (p<0.05 for all). LV and RV Tei index increased progressively from 20-week gestation (p<0.05) with respect to controls. CONCLUSIONS: In HB Bart's foetuses left and right ventricular asynchrony develop earlier than overt cavity dilatation and impairment of systolic function. The use of such markers of ventricular asynchronous function may play an important role in optimum management of these pregnancies.
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| 26138. |
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| 26139. |
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| 26140. |
- Chapligin, B, et al.
(författare)
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A 250 ka oxygen isotope record from diatoms at Lake El'gygytgyn, far east Russian Arctic
- 2012
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 8:5, s. 1621-1636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2003 sediment core Lz1024 was drilled at Lake El'gygytgyn, far east Russian Arctic, in an area of the Northern Hemisphere which has not been glaciated for the last 3.6 Ma. Biogenic silica was used for analysing the oxygen isotope composition (delta O-18(diatom)) in the upper 13m long section dating back about 250 ka with samples dominated by one taxa in the < 10 mu m fraction (Cyclotella ocellata). Downcore variations in delta O-18 values show that glacial-interglacial cycles are present throughout the core and delta O-18(diatom)-values are mainly controlled by delta O-18(precipitation). Changes reflect the Holocene Thermal Maximum, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the interglacial periods corresponding to MIS 5.5 and MIS 7 with a peak-to-peak amplitude between LGM and MIS 5.5 of Delta O-18=5.3 parts per thousand. This corresponds to a mean annual air temperature difference of about 9 degrees C. Our record is the first continuous delta O-18(diatom) record from an Arctic lake sediment core directly responding to precipitation and dating back more than 250 ka and correlates well with the stacked marine delta(18)OLR04 (r = 0.58) and delta D EPICA Dome-C record (r = 0.69). With delta O-18 results indicating strong links to both marine and ice-core records, records from Lake El'gygytgyn can be used to further investigate the sensitivity of the Arctic climate to both past and future global climatic changes.
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